Soy isoflavones mitigate atrazine-induced dopaminergic neuron damage via reshaping short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in gut microbiota and modulating the GPR43/GLP-1/GLP-1R axis.

Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide, is linked to dopaminergic neurotoxicity and persistent gut microbiota dysbiosis after early life exposure. However, whether the gut microbiota mediates ATR-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons remains unclear. Mice were exposed to ATR from juvenility (4 week) until adulthood (12 week), after which exposure ceased until the 20 week.

Three-Dimensional Shear-Wave Viscoelastographic Estimation by System Identification for Prostate Cancer Localization.

Objective: This study aims to estimate viscosity in vivo in the prostate using shear-wave elastography (SWE) and to evaluate its potential, alongside elasticity, for prostate cancer (PCa) localization.

Methods: A cohort of 197 patients referred for radical prostatectomy at four Dutch hospitals underwent three-dimensional (3D) SWE scans. From the acquired data, voxel-based viscosity and shear-wave (SW) velocity were computed using a system identification (SI) approach.

Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Mixtures Drive Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Through Immunosuppression: Integrating Epidemiology and Mechanistic Evidence.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) possess immunosuppressive properties. However, their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk remains inconclusive across epidemiological studies. This study integrates population-based and mechanistic evidence to clarify the relationship between PFAS exposure and RA.

High-efficiency mix design for molybdenum tailings autoclaved aerated concrete: A statistical and multiscale investigation of proportions and microstructure.

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is valued for its lightweight, insulating, and load-bearing capabilities, yet high-efficiency optimizing density and strength remains challenging. Efficient design of tailings-based AAC now requires considering synergistic effects among multiple variables, as single-variable control has become inadequate. To address this gap, this study systematically investigates the synergy among lime-cement ratio (LCr), calcium-silica ratio (CSr), and water-solid ratio (Wr) in AAC produced with molybdenum tailings as the primary siliceous resource.

The Thioredoxin System Powers ArsM-Mediated Arsenite Methylation in .

Arsenic biomethylation plays a critical role in modulating environmental arsenic toxicity yet remains understudied in the phylum . Here, we characterize HeArsM, a methyltransferase from the soil bacterium , which effectively methylates arsenite [As(III)] into various species. We demonstrated that this activity is primarily supported by the thioredoxin (Trx)-thioredoxin reductase (TR)-NADPH system, which is significantly more effective than alternative reductants such as glutathione/glutaredoxin (GSH/Grx), cysteine, or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).

Global burden trends of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021.

BackgroundSmoking is a major modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs), but comprehensive assessments of its global burden remain scarce.ObjectiveThis study examines spatiotemporal trends in smoking-attributable ADODs across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we estimated smoking-attributable mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR).

An alternate pathway of antimonite [Sb(III)] resistance in Ensifer adhaerens mediated by ArsZ'.

Trivalent arsenicals, such as arsenite [As(III)] and methylarsenite [MAs(III)], are highly toxic and commonly found in anoxic environments. Similarly, antimony (Sb), a toxic metalloid present in the environment, triggers the activation of numerous genes in microorganisms to resist, transform, and efflux it. This study focuses on the arsZ' gene from the trivalent metalloids-resistant Ensifer adhaerens strain ST2 and its role in mitigating antimonite [Sb(III)] toxicity.

Expanded Graphite/Cement Composites for Large-Scale Energy Harvesting: Structural Control and Thermoelectric Properties.

Building structures exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time accumulate large amounts of low-grade thermal energy. Cement-based composites with expanded graphite (EG) have excellent thermoelectric properties and can utilize the thermoelectric effect to convert heat accumulated in the building structure into electrical energy, showing great potential advantages for large-scale heat harvesting and energy supply, but the contribution of the particle size of EG and the composition of cement clinker minerals to the thermoelectric properties of EG/cement-based composites is unknown. In this article, EG/cement-based composites were prepared by etching EG of different particle sizes as the conductive phase with acid solution, and the thermoelectric properties of the EG/cement-based composites were enhanced by the synergistic effect of multiparticle size EG, which significantly improved the connectivity of the EG conductive network.

Peptide signals regulating leaf senescence.

Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process which is accompanied by the transfer and recycling of nutrients from aging organs to growing tissues. This intricate process is finely orchestrated by multiple endogenous and exogenous elements, including leaf age, environmental signals, and developmental cues. Plant small peptides, serve as intercellular signaling molecules, which regulate processes like stem cell homeostasis, stress responses, immune responses, pollen-stigma recognition, and organ abscission.

Maternal Phthalate Exposure and Allergic Diseases in Children: A Meta-Analysis and Network Toxicology.

Several studies suggest a relationship between phthalates (PAEs) and allergic diseases in children. Therefore, we speculated that PAE exposure may be an important environmental factor causing allergic diseases. The present study employed meta-analysis and network toxicology to analyze the interactions and assess potential pathogenic pathways between prenatal and postnatal PAE exposure and childhood allergic diseases.

Identifying Candidate Genes Related to the Nutritional Components of Soybean () Sprouts Based on the Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network.

Background: During the germination of soybean seeds, many biochemical metabolic reactions become extremely active, resulting in a series of physiological and biochemical activities, and the seeds being rich in nutrients. Studying the network and key genes that regulate the nutritional content of bean sprouts is particularly important.

Methods: In this study, the nutrient contents of Dongnong 254 and Heze small beans were measured when the bean sprouts were 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm and 7 cm long, and transcriptome sequencing was performed.

Traceless Aminoalkyl Radical-Induced Halogen-Atom Transfer for Minisci Reactions.

Halogen-atom transfer (XAT) provides a viable strategy to convert alkyl halides into the corresponding carbon radicals, but the usage of equivalent XAT reagents and excess oxidants is usually inevitable. Herein, we present a traceless aminoalkyl radical-induced XAT process for the Minisci reaction, especially without the participation of excess XAT reagents under redox-neutral conditions. Mechanistic experiments indicated that the formation of comparable aminoalkyl radicals occurred through the single-electron transfer reduction of protonated heteroaromatics, differing from the conventional oxidation process of amines used to generate α-aminoalkyl radicals.

Research progress on sex pheromones in aquatic animals.

Sex pheromones, as key mediators of chemical communication in organisms, are important for regulating species behaviour and ecological relationships. During the reproductive phase, these substances can be used to induce directed convergence and specific behavioural responses in individuals of the same species and opposite sex. However, there are significant technical challenges in studying aquatic animal pheromones, primarily the limited sensitivity and specificity of detection methods.

AIMP-Based Power Allocation for Radar Network Tracking Under Countermeasures Environment.

For radar system tracking, a higher radar echo signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) implies a higher tracking accuracy. However, in a countermeasures environment, increasing the transmit power of a radar may not lead to a higher SINR due to suppressive jamming. Also, the variation in the target radar cross-section (RCS) is an important factor affecting the SINR, since to achieve the same SINR value, a large RCS value needs less transmit power and a small RCS value needs more transmit power.

Stereoselective 1,3-Cyclotelomerization of Butadiene with Dienophiles under Nickel Catalysis.

The discovery of new chemoselectivity with readily accessible chemicals is important to expand the reaction space for modern chemistry. For dienes and dienophiles, most people will naturally use them to carry out the classic Diels-Alder reaction to construct six-membered cyclic compounds. Here, we demonstrated a chemoselective coupling of butadiene with dienophiles through stereoselective 1,3-cyclotelomerization.

Lithium-Ion Batteries with Superlong Cycle-Life in Wide Temperature Range via Interfacial Alkyl-Chain Sway.

The cathode-electrolyte interphase directly influences the wide-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries, particularly long-term cycle performance. However, improving both high- and low-temperature properties of cathode often requires distinct approaches, making it challenging to unify these strategies. In this work, an interfacial-driven strategy on the cathode surface is designed with nano-Mg(OH) with Tween80 (nano-Mg(OH)@Tween80).

Analysis on coupling and coordination of urbanization and ecological resilience in Hexi Corridor Economic Belt, China.

The model of extensive economic growth has intensified the tensions between urban development and ecological resilience. Taking the ecological context, resource and environmental costs, as well as the urbanization development into consideration, we constructed an ecological resilience evaluation system based on scale-density-morphology and a dual dimensional urbanization evaluation system based on population-economy. We measured the level of urbanization and ecological resilience in the Hexi Corridor Economic Belt, and explored the spatiotemporal variations and coordination relationship and between urbanization and ecological resilience based on a coupled coordination degree model.

Oxidative Thiolated Aromatization of Terpenes for Divergent Construction of Organosulfur Compounds.

Synthetic transformation of terpenoids represents a long-standing research topic in organic synthesis. Due to the presence of multiple oxidation states and isomers in naturally abundant terpenoids, their separation and efficient utilization pose challenges. Convergent transformations of various terpenes can circumvent these issues.

Dropout in Online Education: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis of Elementary Students' Extracurricular English Course Engagement in China.

While high dropout rates hinder the success of online education, little is known about the patterns of dropout beyond adult education, particularly regarding time-related variables. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing data from 219 online extracurricular English courses, involving approximately 300,000 Chinese elementary students. We employed a multilevel modeling technique and found that the dropout rate increased throughout the semester and peaked at chapter transitions.

Vanadium-Modulated Molybdenum/Nickel-Based Multi-Heterostructures finely tailoring d-Band centers for electrocatalytic water splitting.

Finely tailoring the d-band centers (ε) of various metals is expected to balance the adsorption/desorption of multiple intermediates for water electrolysis, but remains challenging. Herein, porous ultrathin nanosheets consisting of V-doped Mo/Ni-based multi-heterostructures (V-MoN/NiN) are designed as bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER). V-substituted Mo-based polyoxometalates (POMs) were assembled with Ni(OH) to target multi-interface coupled Mo/Ni-based heterojunctions and precise V-doping.

The Level and Outcomes of Emotional Labor in Nurses: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review aims to examine the level and outcomes of emotional labor in nurses. Nursing is a highly emotional profession that requires nurses to experience a wide range of emotions and control their emotional expressions in nursing practice. Chronic emotional labor and emotional burden not only impact nurses' individual well-being and professional performance but also their job satisfaction and turnover intention.

Effects of organic-inorganic complex fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of 'Qi-Nan' agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.).

This paper is to study the effects of different levels of fertilization on the growth, physiological characteristic of 'Qi-Nan' agarwood seedlings. The experiment was conducted under potted conditions using a single factor experiment. Organic-inorganic complex fertilizer was used as the basal fertilizers, and 7 fertilizer gradients ranging from 0 g/plant to 23 g/plant were set up.

Aging Impairs the Capacity of Cardiac Functional Recovery Following Endotoxemia: Modulation of Myocardial Klotho Level for Remedy.

Introduction: Endotoxemic/septic cardiac dysfunction occurs frequently in elderly patients undergoing major surgery and contributes to postsurgery morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the effect of aging on cardiac functional recovery following endotoxemia and explored therapeutic approaches for promotion of the recovery.

Methods: A small dose of endotoxin (0.

Dearomative Skeletal Editing of Benzenoids via Diradical.

Dearomative skeletal editing of benzenoids represents a promising yet challenging strategy for the rapid construction of high-value carbon frameworks from readily accessible starting materials. Büchner reaction is a unique type of expansive skeletal editing that transforms benzenoids into functionalized cycloheptatrienes. However, due to challenges in compatibility and selectivity, achieving seamless integration of this reaction with dearomative cycloaddition within a unified system remains undeveloped.

Construction of multi-functionalized carbon chains by Ni-catalyzed carbosulfonylation of butadiene.

Multi-functionalized carbon chains are prevalent motifs existing in various natural products and drugs. How to construct multi-functionalized carbon chains represents a meaningful task. Herein, we developed a photo-induced stereoselective 1,4-carbosulfonylation of butadiene to construct multi-functionalized carbon chains under nickel catalysis.