Nutritional Immunity in Wound Infection: Unveiling the Role of Dietary Elements in Host-Pathogen Interaction.

Nutritional immunity is an essential defense process by which the host restricts the supply of critical micronutrients to invading pathogens, thus hindering their survival and growth. During wound infections, this mechanism is instrumental in determining the course of host-pathogen interactions. This article discusses the pathophysiology of wound infection, beginning with the classification of wounds as acute and chronic wounds, and emphasizes how compromised epithelial barriers and chronic inflammation provide a niche for microbial colonization.

Identification of Rhododendron mariae extraction as a new attachment inhibitor against dengue virus by targeting the envelope protein domain III.

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, leads to over 390 million annual infections worldwide, and there are no approved antivirals so far. Rhododendron mariae (RM), a traditional Chinese herb abundant in flavonoids and triterpenoids, is used to treat respiratory disorders, yet its antiviral potential has been little explored. This study sought to assess the activity and mechanism of RM-1, an extract from RM, against DENV.

Immunosenescence: signaling pathways, diseases and therapeutic targets.

Immunosenescence refers to the abnormal activation or dysfunction of the immune system as people age. Inflammaging is a typical pathological inflammatory state associated with immunosenescence and is characterized by excessive expression of proinflammatory cytokines in aged immune cells. Chronic inflammation contributes to a variety of age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmune diseases.

Synergistic cation-anion regulation of active water within inner Helmholtz plane enables ultra-stable aqueous Zn ion batteries.

The issues related to corrosion, dendrite growth, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the Zn anode in aqueous environments have significantly obstructed the practical implementation of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, the strategy of synergistically regulating the content of active water molecules located within the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) by anions and cations is used to address the above-mentioned water-related issues of zinc metal anodes via using the 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid (IL) as an highly effective electrolyte additive. Theoretical computations and empirical outcomes show that the IL indirectly regulates IHP by tailoring solvation structure of Zn via anions and adsorbing cations on the surface of the zinc anode, directly and effectively reducing the content of chemically active HO molecules in IHP and thus significantly inhibiting the adverse reactions related to active HO molecules.

The Application of a High-Energy Fluidic Microfluidizer System Improves the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Whole Mulberry Juice.

Whole mulberry juice (WMBJ) was prepared using a novel high-energy fluidic microfluidizer (HEFM). The effects of varying treatment pressures (0-120 MPa) on the physical stability and nutritional quality of the juice were investigated. As the pressure increased, the average particle size (D[4,3]) decreased from 232.

The role of iron competition in the antagonistic action of Metschnikowia pulcherrima against three major pathogenic fungi on postharvest citrus fruit.

This study systematically investigated how Metschnikowia pulcherrima XX04 competes with Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Geotrichum citri-aurantii for iron ions to control these major postharvest citrus pathogens. Exogenous Fe addition significantly reduced the inhibitory activity of the pigment-producing yeast against these pathogens on both agar medium and fruit. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between pigment production and antagonistic effectiveness of M.

Morphology regulation and vacancy engineering for vanadium oxide cathodes via tungsten doping towards advanced zinc-ion batteries.

Recently, vanadium oxide of VO has emerged as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity, abundant reserves, and the multiple adjustable oxidation states of vanadium. However, its poor electronic conductivity and severe structural collapse during cycling limit its practical application. Herein, a W-doped VO nanobelt cathode was synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method.

LL-37 Inhibits TMPRSS2-Mediated S2' Site Cleavage and SARS-CoV-2 Infection but Not Omicron Variants.

Continual evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike drives the emergence of Omicron variants that show increased spreading and immune evasion. Understanding how the variants orientate themselves towards host immune defence is crucial for controlling future pandemics. Herein, we demonstrate that human cathelicidin LL-37, a crucial component of innate immunity, predominantly binds to the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, occupying sites where TMPRSS2 typically binds.

Predictive Value and Optimal Threshold of Follicle Size in IVF: Systematic Review and Multiple-Threshold Meta-Analysis.

Background: Follicle size was generally monitored during controlled ovarian stimulation, yet its predictive value for oocyte developmental potential and the discriminating threshold is debated.

Objectives: To explore the predictive value of follicle size for oocyte developmental competency and establish the corresponding optimal threshold.

Search Strategy: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library up to February 29th, 2024.

Liang-Ge-San drives macrophages toward M2 polarization for alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via activating the miR-21/PTEN axis.

Acute lung injury (ALI) has high clinical mortality currently and no specific drugs available for its treatment. Although Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is known to promote inflammation resolution and shorten hospitalization duration of ALI, the mechanism is still unclear. Our results demonstrated that LGS regulated the dynamic balance of macrophage polarization as reflected by up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (CD206, Arg-1 and IL-10) in advance to counteract the high expression of pro-inflammatory factors (CD86, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α) in vitro.

RO5126766 attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and protecting chondrocytes through mediating the ERK pathway.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that remains challenging to treat due to lack of complete understanding of its pathogenesis. Previous studies have identified RO5126766 (RO) as a small molecule compound that inhibited RAF/MEK-ERK pathway and garnered much interest for its anti-cancer properties. But its role in the treatment of OA remains unclear.

The role of ultrasound in assessment and prediction of the efficacy of preoperative targeted therapy for gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors compared with pathology.

Purpose: To explore the value of ultrasound in efficacy assessment and prediction of preoperative targeted treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), using pathological assessment as a reference.

Methods: A total of 35 GIST patients with preoperative targeted therapy were included in this retrospective study. The efficacy was evaluated using both ultrasound and pathology.

Intranasal Inoculation of Cationic Crosslinked Carbon Dots-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Subunit Vaccine Elicits Mucosal and Systemic Humoral and Cellular Immunity.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe acute lower respiratory tract infections, especially in infants and the elderly. Developing an RSV vaccine that promotes a robust mucosal immune response is necessary to successfully prevent viral transmission and the development of severe disease. We previously reported that crosslinked carbon dots (CCD) may be an excellent adjuvant candidate for intranasal (IN) protein subunit vaccines.

Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of a Single Oral Dose of D-1553, a Selective Inhibitor of KRAS, in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Background And Objective: D-1553 (garsorasib) is a novel and selective oral KRAS inhibitor. This study aims to evaluate the effect of food on the single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of D-1553 tablet in healthy Chinese subjects. Also the safety and tolerability of single-dose D-1553 in subjects are also evaluated.

Inhibition of autophagy promotes ultrasound‑targeted microbubble destruction-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.

In therapeutic studies of pancreatic cancer, ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has shown potential in promoting apoptosis as a safe and non-invasive adjuvant therapy. Autophagy, a regulatory mechanism for cellular stress response and survival, plays a dual role in tumor development, progression, and treatment. However, the role of autophagy in UTMD-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells remains unclear.

The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GZR18 in healthy American and Chinese adult subjects.

Aims: GZR18, a novel long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated substantial metabolic improvements in diabetic and obese animal models. The present studies aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the ascending dose of GZR18 in healthy American and Chinese subjects.

Materials And Methods: In these phases 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential, dose-escalation US and Chinese studies, healthy American and Chinese adults with similar age were enrolled to once-weekly subcutaneous injection of GZR18 or placebo.

Influences on the phytochemical characteristics and multiple bioactivities of Mesona chiensis Benth polysaccharides in response to different drying methods.

In order to identify a suitable drying method for the extraction of antioxidant and antidiabetic polysaccharides, fresh Mesona chiensis Benth was subjected to various drying methods. These methods included conventional air drying (CD), hot-air drying (HD), freeze drying (FD), microwave drying (WD), and micro-fermentation drying (MD). Following the drying process, five polysaccharides derived from M.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing in a Family with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by the abnormal development of neural crests due to genetic defects and is difficult to treat. Patients have a characteristic phenotype with neurofibromas as the main features in different forms, which are accompanied by multisystem involvement. The clinical symptoms of this disease vary greatly, making the treatment more difficult.

Recombinant XBB.1.5 boosters induce robust neutralization against KP.2- and KP.3-included JN.1 sublineages.

The newly emerged variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate resistance to present therapeutic antibodies as well as the capability to evade vaccination-elicited antibodies. JN.1 sublineages were demonstrated as one of the most immune-evasive variants, showing higher neutralization resistance compared to XBB.

Enhanced electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties of bacterial cellulose composite membrane decorated with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/magnetic particle/alpha-lipoic acid/nano silver.

The electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties are crucial characteristics for bacterial cellulose (BC) based membranes to be broadly applied in the field of wearable electronics. In the study, to achieve these aims, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) was utilized as anchoring groups and reducing agent, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) capped magnetic particles (FeO NPs) and the in-situ formed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were sequentially incorporated into the BC matrix to fabricate BC based nanocomposite membranes (HP-β-CD/FeO/LA@BC and HP-β-CD/FeO/LA/Ag@BC). Fourier transform attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis proved the dense networks were formed in the modified BC membranes.

Process optimization, structural characterization, and biological activity of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides by ultrasonic aqueous two-phase extraction.

In this research, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UA-ATPE) was utilized to isolate polysaccharides from Siraitia grosvenorii (SGPs). Based on the results of model optimization experiments, the extraction parameters were determined. The total extraction rate of SGPs was 25.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on prefrontal cortical activation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. With the continuous development of neuromodulation technology, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a potential non-invasive treatment for ADHD. However, there is a lack of research on the mechanism of rTMS for ADHD.

Liang-Ge-San protects against viral infection-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting α7nAChR-mediated mitophagy.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the main cause of death in clinical respiratory virus infection. Liang-Ge-San (LGS), a famous traditional Chinese formula, has been proved to be effective in treating ALI caused by lipopolysaccharide. However, the effects of LGS on ALI induced by viral infections remain uncertain.

Fermented By-Products of Banana Wine Production Improve Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, and Flavor Fingerprint of Domestic Chicken.

This study aimed to compare the effects of incorporating fermented feed into daily diets on the slaughter performance, meat quality, and flavor compounds of 120 domestic chickens over a 140-day period. A total of five groups (n = 24), including the control group (CK) of the Guangxi Partridge chickens received a standard base diet. The other four groups were provided with pellets that had been added with 10% fermented banana peel (Pe-10), 20% fermented banana peel (Pe-20), 10% fermented banana pulp residue (Pu-10), and 20% fermented banana pulp residue (Pu-20).

Preimplantation genetic testing for Cockayne syndrome with a novel ERCC6 variant in a Chinese family.

Background: Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare, multisystem, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cachectic dwarfism, nervous system abnormalities, and premature aging. Mutations in the ERCC6 and ERCC8 genes are the predominant causes of Cockayne syndrome, with ERCC6 gene mutations present in approximately 75% of cases.

Methods: Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) was employed to identify potential pathogenic variants associated with CS.