Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Bromodifluoroacetamides with Arylboronic Acids toward δ-Lactams.

A nickel-catalyzed radical cyclization/carbonylation reaction of bromodifluoroacetamides with arylboronic acids has been explored. This strategy allows for the synthesis of δ-lactams bearing both -difluoro and carbonyl groups through a sequential single-electron transfer, 6-- cyclization, and carbonyl insertion process. This method proceeds under mild reaction conditions with good functional group compatibility, enabling the preparation of various structurally diverse δ-lactams that might have further applications in medicinal chemistry.

Design of a multi-Epitope mRNA vaccine against Brucella type IV secretion system using reverse vaccinology and immunogenicity approaches.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus. This study investigates the development of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine aimed at combating Brucella infections. The approach involves selecting the architecture of the pathogenic type IV secretion system (T4SS) of Brucella using bioinformatics tools and reverse vaccinology methodologies.

[Land Cover Simulation and Carbon Stock Assessment in Huainan City Based on FLUS- InVEST Model].

To explore the impact of land use change on carbon storage, taking Huainan City as an example, the future land use simulation （FLUS） model was used to simulate the spatial distribution of land use in 2030 under the inertia development scenario, farmland protection scenario, and ecological priority scenario. By combining this result with the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs （InVEST） model, the carbon storage of the three scenarios in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030 was estimated. The study produced the following results： ① The main land type in Huainan City is cropland, which accounts for more than 75% of the total area.

Impact of small hydropower plants on microbial community structure and functions in benthic biofilms.

The development of small hydropower plants (SHPs) has significantly altered river connectivity and biodiversity, with its ecological impacts increasingly gaining attention. Previous ecological impact studies have biologically focused on aquatic organisms such as fish, macroinvertebrates and algae, while research on benthic biofilms, a dominant microbial life form, remains limited. Thus, we established sampling sites at 15 SHPs in the Oujiang River Basin, located upstream of the dam (S1), within the reservoir area (S2), in the dewatered section with ecological flow (S3), and downstream where natural flow is restored (S4).

Cistanche tubulosa improves peripheral neuropathy in MPTP-induced PD mice based on regulation of m6A methylation.

Background: This study aimed to discover whether Cistanche tubulosa affects the AKT/CASP3 pathway by regulating m6A methylation, to exert a protective effect against peripheral nerve injury in a Parkinson's Disease (PD) mouse model.

Methods: In this study, network pharmacology analysis and the molecular docking virtual screening technique was used to filter Acteoside (Act), a potential neuroprotective agent of active components in Cistanche tubulosa. A PD-related peripheral neuropathy mouse model was established by MPTP induction, followed by 21 days treatment of oral Act (25, 50, and 100 mg kg).

Comparing multiple assessment methods based on water quality, habitat and organism indicators: unveiling the ecological health of Ningbo's urban rivers.

The growing urgency of assessing aquatic ecosystem health has drawn increasing attention due to mounting environmental pressures. While numerous studies have assessed riverine ecological health, most rely on a single assessment method, often neglecting the integration of multiple indicators. This study advances existing research by comparing different assessment approaches to evaluate ecological health of urban rivers.

Standardized diversity estimation uncovers global distribution patterns and drivers of stream insects.

Freshwater insect biodiversity is under global threat from anthropogenic stressors, yet the roles of natural and anthropogenic drivers remain unclear. Here, we examine 783 river basins to map the global diversity and explore the effects of sampling bias, natural, and anthropogenic factors on four major taxa: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). About 62% of basins were under-sampled, especially in the Global South.

The impact of social media addiction on depression among university students in Wuhan, China: a longitudinal study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social media addiction and depression among university students of different genders in Wuhan, China, and also to explore the effect of social support on depression in the context of social media addiction.

Methods: Three waves (2020–2023) of psychological optimism and health data were analyzed. In all waves, 1,215 university students aged 16 to 22 years provided the data.

CT texture analysis of pediatric teratomas-associations with identification and grading of immature teratoma.

Background: Teratomas are categorized into mature teratomas (MT) and immature teratomas (IT) of grades I-III based on the content of immature tissues. The existing diagnostic methods are not comprehensive and objective enough. This study aims to utilize computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) to exploring heterogeneity of tumor components and enhance the preoperative identification and grading of IT.

Correction: Regulation of the tuft cell-ILC2 circuit in intestinal mucosal immunity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.

Effect of stormwater and land use on biogeochemical transformations of dissolved and particulate phosphorus in freshwater systems.

Climate change increases the frequency of storm events, which flush land pollutants, including phosphorus (P), into freshwater bodies; nonetheless, understanding the biogeochemical transformation of P in dissolved and particulate forms during storm events is still challenging. We collected surface water samples during storm and dry weather flow from five study sites along a pH gradient for measurement of P species, including: dissolved inorganic P (DIP) and organic P (DOP); colloidal organic and inorganic P (COP and CIP); and particulate organic and inorganic P (POP and PIP). In dry weather flow, DIP levels rise due to low concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) (11-23 mg L) and desorption from the particulate matter.

Regulation of the tuft cell-ILC2 circuit in intestinal mucosal immunity.

The intestinal mucosal immune system maintains homeostasis through complex interactions between epithelial cells and innate lymphoid cells in the lamina propria. Tuft cells, previously overlooked intestinal epithelial cell types, detect parasites and metabolites via Sucnr1 and TAS2R receptors. They secrete IL-25, which activates type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) via the IL-25R receptor.

One-Pot NIS-Promoted Cyclization/Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation for the Selective Synthesis of HFIP Ester-Containing Indenes and Thiochromenes.

Practical and atom-economic procedures for the selective synthesis of HFIP ester-containing indenes/thiochromenes from the same propargylic thioethers and HFIP have been developed via one-pot NIS-promoted cyclization/palladium-catalyzed carbonylation. Solvent plays an important role in this transformation, and the reactions proceed selectively and efficiently to afford a variety of HFIP ester-containing indenes and thiochromenes in moderate to excellent yields. In addition, the use of formic acid as the CO source could avoid manipulation of toxic CO gas.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cyclization/Carbonylation Reaction of -Allylbromoacetamides with Arylboronic Acids toward 2-Pyrrolidinones.

A straightforward and efficient nickel-catalyzed cyclization/carbonylation transformation of -allylbromoacetamides toward the synthesis of 2-pyrrolidinone derivatives has been developed with arylboronic acids as the reaction partner. This transformation proceeds through a sequential single-electron-transfer pathway via 5-- cyclization and carbonyl insertion steps, furnishing a variety of 2-pyrrolidinone derivatives in good yields. Various useful functional groups were well tolerated.

Small hydropower plants affect aquatic community diversity: A longitudinal study under ecological flow.

Small hydropower plants (SHPs) play a crucial role in clean energy production, yet they also disrupted river ecosystems. To achieve a balance between energy production, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem integrity, it is essential to study how aquatic organisms respond to SHP operations. Prior researches had shown that SHP operations have the most significant impact in dewatering sections, but studies often overlook the influence of ecological flows.

Differential impacts of small hydropower plants on macroinvertebrate communities upstream and downstream under ecological flow.

Hydropower dams influence freshwater biodiversity by altering river flow patterns and habitat conditions. With the global surge in small hydropower plants (SHPs), their impacts on aquatic ecosystems have become increasingly recognized. However, most previous studies did not consider the recently implemented ecological flows.

Pediatric mediastinal lymphatic malformation: misdiagnosis analysis and literature review.

Objectives: Mediastinal cystic lymphatic malformation (MCLM) in children is prone to misdiagnosis as cystic teratoma. We compared the clinical and radiologic features between the two diseases and performed a cross-comparison with previous research on adult cases. This study aims to identify characteristic pediatric manifestations to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Phenylethanol Glycoside from Attenuates BSA-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Liver Axis.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of phenylethanol glycoside from (CPhGs) on the prevention of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Investigation of the mechanisms of the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect was focused on CPhGs' influence on the "gut-liver" regulation, including the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, and LPS-related signaling pathway. The results show that CPhGs restored the diversity of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of , and decreased the relative abundance of and in the fibrotic rats.

Different facets of alpha and beta diversity of benthic diatoms along stream watercourse in a large near-natural catchment.

Understanding the processes and mechanisms that shape the distribution patterns and variations of biodiversity along spatial gradients continues to be a priority for ecological research. We focused on the biodiversity of benthic diatom communities within a large near-natural watershed. The objectives are: (1) to explore the overall spatial patterns of benthic diatom biodiversity; (2) to investigate the effects associated with watercourse position and environmental variables, as well as both common and rare species on two facets (i.

Preventive Effect of the Total Polyphenols from on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Gut Microbiota and NLRP3, TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the total polyphenols from (NCTP) on LPS-induced septic acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and its mechanisms. NCTP could significantly ameliorate LPS-induced lung tissue pathological injury in mice as well as lung wet/dry ratio and MPO activities ( < 0.05).

Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative effects of isosteviol derivatives.

Nineteen isosteviol derivatives were designed and synthesized by C-16, C-19 and D-ring modifications of isosteviol. These compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activities against Hela and A549 cells . Among them, the inhibitory effect of compounds and on Hela cells was comparable to that of the positive control gefitinib, and the compounds (IC=7.

To explore the potential mechanisms of cognitive impairment in children with MRI-negative pharmacoresistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia: A pilot study from gray matter structure view.

Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of brain structure in children with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)-induced pharmacoresistant epilepsy, and explore the potential mechanisms of cognitive impairment from the view of gray matter alteration.

Methods: 25 pharmacoresistant pediatric patients with pathologically confirmed focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and 25 gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. 3.