Association of life-course socioeconomic status with lifestyle changes after diagnosis of non-communicable disease: a prospective study using data from European, US and Chinese cohorts.

Life-course socioeconomic inequalities existed in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lifestyles, but whether life-course socioeconomic status (SES) and social mobility affects changes in lifestyles after diagnosis of NCDs remains unknown. We investigated the association of life-course SES and social mobility with two lifestyle changes after the diagnosis of NCD, using data from 8,907 adults in the US, Europe and China. Life-course SES and social mobility were constructed using parental education, participant education and participant total household wealth.

Current status and influencing factors of medication behavior among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in China.

Background: Children face higher medication risks than adults, making safe and rational drug use a societal concern. For children aged 8 and older, early intervention is key to fostering responsible medication habits. This study, grounded in Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST), suggests that temporal valuations, behavioral prepotency, and self-regulatory capacity influence medication behaviors, with weaker self-regulation potentially linked to stronger behavioral prepotency.

Prepregnancy Stressful Life Events and Perinatal Mental Health Disorders From Pregnancy to 3 Years After Childbirth: An Observational Study.

Introduction: The associations of prepregnancy stressful life events with perinatal mental health disorders at multiple time points are not fully understood. This study aims to assess the associations of prepregnancy stressful life events with occurrences of maternal mental health disorders from pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1,994 women who had experienced childbirth from July 2020 to June 2021 in Huai'an, China, on the basis of the Grandmothers, Mothers, and Their Children's Health study.

Mechanism of San Jie Tong Mai Fang in Atherosclerosis Attenuation by JAK/STAT-mediated Inhibition of Macrophage M1 Polarization.

Macrophage polarization influences the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment by driving inflammatory responses, with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway serving as a critical regulator of this process. This study investigated whether San Jie Tong Mai Fang (SJTMF), an herbal formulation reported to promote M2-type macrophage polarization, alleviates atherosclerosis (AS) by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. An AS model was established in ApoE mice via 12-week high-fat diet feeding, followed by 4-week treatment with SJTMF alone or combined with a JAK inhibitor or macrophage scavenger.

Partial Domain Adaptation via Importance Sampling-Based Shift Correction.

Partial domain adaptation (PDA) is a challenging task in real-world machine learning scenarios. It aims to transfer knowledge from a labeled source domain to a related unlabeled target domain, where the support set of the source label distribution subsumes the target one. Previous PDA works managed to correct the label distribution shift by weighting samples in the source domain.

Ceritinib (LDK378) inhibits laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression via regulating ROS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and inducing oxidative stress.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the head and neck with unfavorable outcomes. Ceritinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), has not been thoroughly explored for its therapeutic potential in LSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that Ceritinib significantly inhibits the growth of LSCC cells (TU686 and AMC-HN8), disrupts oxidative stress homeostasis, and induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.

Association between overactive bladder and lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index: results from NHANES 2005-2018.

Background: Although obesity is a recognized risk factor contributing to the onset and progression of overactive bladder (OAB), the existing evidence linking lipid accumulation products (LAPs) and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) to OAB remains scarce and subject to debate. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the associations between VAI, LAP, and the occurrence of OAB.

Methods: The information utilized in this research was sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning the years 2005 to 2018.

Prevalence of pre-clinical and clinical obesity in adults: Pooled analysis of 56 population-based national health surveys.

Obesity is commonly defined using body mass index (BMI), but BMI alone does not capture the metabolic and functional consequences of excess weight. We examined the prevalence of clinical obesity, a new definition that incorporates BMI alongside metabolic and functional impairments. We analyzed nationally representative surveys.

Paradoxical psoriasis in pediatric tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy database.

Background: Paradoxical psoriasis (PP) is a class of adverse events associated with tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor (TNFi) that are realistically observed in the real world. We aim to quantify the signals of PP with TNFis in pediatric patients based on a pharmacovigilance study.

Methods: Data on pediatric PP cases linked to five TNFi drugs-etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab-were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (Q1 2004 to Q1 2023).

Efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates in pediatric glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis and pharmacovigilance study.

Objectives: The prevalence of glucocorticoids (GCs) administration in pediatric populations has resulted in numerous adverse reactions, notably osteoporosis. Given its role in managing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, the efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates hold considerable importance. This study conducted a meta-analysis by systematically reviewing and incorporating relevant literature on the efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates in the management of osteoporosis or bone infarction induced by GCs therapy in pediatric populations.

[Multimorbidity patterns and associated hospitalization costs among different age groups of patients in a single medical center].

Objectives: To analyze the multimorbidity patterns and core diseases among hospitalized patients in different age groups and to explore the impacts of multimorbidity patterns on hospitalization costs.

Methods: Electronic medical records of adult inpatients (aged ≥18 years) from Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2023 were collected. The multimorbidity status involving 53 specific diseases was analyzed across different age groups.

Finder-I for Locating Anterolateral Thigh Perforators in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Diagnostic Study.

Background: The localization of perforators in the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is important for flap survival. This study aimed to provide surgeons with a more effective instrument, Finder-I, for the perforator locations of ALT flaps.

Methods: Eighty-two patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction were recruited from June 2023 to February 2024.

Circulating mucosa-associated invariant T cells are decreased and have impaired function in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are associated with tumor immunity. However, their role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate frequency and functional characteristics of circulating MAIT cells in DLBCL patients.

Associations between serum pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) levels and hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.

Background: Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) are considered to have protective effects on cardiovascular health. However, research on the relationship between C15:0 and C17:0 levels and hypertension remains limited. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between serum levels of odd-chain fatty acids (C15:0 and C17:0) and prevalent hypertension.

N6-methyladenosine-modified GPX2 impacts cancer cell stemness and TKI resistance through regulating of redox metabolism.

As a predominant oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EGFR frequently undergoes amplification or mutation, with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) like gefitinib and erlotinib constituting frontline therapy for advanced EGFR-mutant cases. However, both primary and acquired resistance significantly limit clinical efficacy. Here, we revealed that glutathione metabolic pathway controlled by glutathione peroxidase GPX2 was abnormally activated in gefitinib-resistant A549 and HCC827-GR cell lines.

Non-insulin-based markers of insulin resistance at diabetes diagnosis: A pooled analysis of 14 national health surveys.

Background: The extent to which people with newly diagnosed diabetes exhibit similar insulin resistance profiles across countries is unknown. Understanding the heterogeneity in glycemic and cardiometabolic profiles at the time of diabetes diagnosis could provide insights for precision medicine.

Methods: We analyzed 14 nationally representative surveys (STEPS).

Intergenerational association of adverse childhood experiences and perinatal mental health in adult female offspring: evidence from the longitudinal grandmothers, mothers, and their Children's health study in China.

Background: The cycle of maltreatment theory posits a linkage between mothers' and offspring's exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and their associations with offspring's early-life mental health; however, such associations in adulthood remain unclear. This study aims to examine the intergenerational association between mothers' ACEs, offspring's ACEs, and offspring's mental health from pregnancy to three years after childbirth, and to explore the potential pathways.

Methods: We used data on 1931 mother-offspring dyads from the longitudinal Grandmothers, Mothers, and Their Children's Health study in Huai'an city, China.

Engineering bifunctional biochar nanocomposites for enhanced phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment: Simultaneous organophosphorus pesticide degradation and targeted phosphate recovery through crystallization.

To address the critical challenges in green and sustainable water resource management, the wastewater resource utilizationhas emerged as a strategic imperative. However, how to skillfully couple the composite technology to treat complex phosphorus wastewater remains a formidable challenge. This study rational design a bifunctional biochar nanocomposite (N-TiO@MBC), synergistically integrating photocatalytic degradation and selective adsorption capabilities for comprehensive phosphorus remediation.

Stressful life events in childhood and adulthood and risk of physical, psychological and cognitive multimorbidities: a multicohort study.

Background: Stressful life events, such as financial hardship, and death of own child, have been associated with various adverse health outcomes, but their impacts on complex multimorbidities remain unknown. This study examined the association between stressful life events in childhood and adulthood and later-life physical, psychological and cognitive multimorbidities.

Methods: We harmonised and pooled longitudinal data from three nationally representative cohort studies from the Program on Global Ageing, Health and Policy: the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA), and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), encompassing the years 2011-2020.

Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicular NFIA mediates obesity-associated cognitive impairment.

Background: The escalating global prevalence of cognitive decline associated with obesity represents a significant public health challenge. Emerging evidence implicates astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) as key mediators in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, positioning them as potential therapeutic targets. However, the precise mechanistic role of ADEVs in the pathological processes underlying obesity-related cognitive impairment remains poorly understood.

High accuracy identification of maize seed varieties based on a lightweight improved YOLOv8.

The variety purity of crop seeds is the main quality indicator of seeds, which affects the yield and quality of crops. To achieve fast identification of maize seed varieties, this study collected images of 10 types of maize seeds, totaling 3,249 seeds. This research proposed a lightweight and small-object detection model for maize seed variety identification based on an improved YOLOv8 model: E-YOLOv8.

Exploring Connections Between Mental Health, Burnout, and Academic Factors Among Medical Students at an Iranian University: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: Medical students face high levels of burnout and mental health issues during training. Understanding associated factors can inform supportive interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to examine burnout, psychological well-being, and related demographics among Iranian medical students.

Regression analysis of a graphical proportional hazards model for informatively left-truncated current status data.

In survival analysis, researchers commonly focus on variable selection issues in real-world data, particularly when complex network structures exist among covariates. Additionally, due to factors such as data collection costs and delayed entry, real-world data often exhibit censoring and truncation phenomena.This paper addresses left-truncated current status data by employing a copula-based approach to model the relationship between censoring time and failure time.

Independent and joint associations of sex and birth order with non‑national immunization program vaccine coverage among Chinese children: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: In response to declining fertility rates, China implemented universal two- and three-child policies, leading to an increase of multi-child families. However, little is known whether and how these policy changes influenced the uptake of non-National Immunization Program (non-NIP) vaccines. We evaluated associations of sex and birth order with non-NIP vaccine coverage in 1-6-year-old children in China.

Unveiling the differences: infection disorders associated with tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors in pediatric patients-a pharmacovigilance study (2004-2023).

Unlabelled: The increasing use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in pediatric patients has raised concerns about their potential impact on the immune system and related adverse events. Infection-related adverse events (AEs) caused by TNFi have already raised widespread concerns in real-world settings. This study aims to comprehensively analyze and summarize the infection-related AEs associated with TNFi in pediatric patients.