Effects of pH thresholds on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus dynamics in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems: Differentiation of drivers in vegetation-soil-microorganisms.

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CNP) are the essential elements of terrestrial ecosystems, and their cycling processes directly determine ecological productivity, C sequestration capacity, and nutrient use efficiency. Soil pH regulates microbial communities and activity, enzyme function and morphology, plant growth and productivity conversion, and is a key regulatory factor in the CNP cycle. Although the pathway through which pH affects the CNP cycle via microorganisms, vegetation interactions has been revealed, explicitly contrast known linear mechanisms vs.

Snowmelt runoff model (SRM) for regulated watersheds with regulation-correction.

We expanded the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) to simulate streamflow in regulated watersheds, resulting in a modified framework termed the Expanded SRM (E-SRM) that integrates multi-year automated batch processing, nested iterators, and a seasonal divider algorithm for streamflow simulation. A parsimonious regulation-correction approach was developed that conceptually divides the watershed into a pristine upstream "daughter" subwatershed and a larger, regulated "mother" watershed. Hydrological parameter transferability was assumed between the daughter and mother watersheds.

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Drug Toxicity Prediction: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Drug toxicity prediction plays a crucial role in the drug research and development process, ensuring clinical drug safety. However, traditional methods are hampered by high cost, low throughput, and uncertainty of cross-species extrapolation, which has become a key bottleneck restricting the efficiency of new drug research and development. The breakthrough development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, especially the application of deep learning and multimodal data fusion strategy, is reshaping the scientific paradigm of drug toxicology assessment.

Establishment and validation of an liver model based extracellular matrix for hepatotoxicity prediction.

IntroductionThree-dimension (3D) cell culture presents a promising alternative of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). To advance preclinical toxicology research, we developed an liver model using HepG2 for toxic evaluation.MethodsThe model was constructed based on the extracellular matrix.

Marine-Derived Antioxidants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Therapeutic Potential in Oxidative Stress-Associated Diseases.

Oxidative stress is a critical factor contributing to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions. In recent years, marine-derived antioxidants have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their unique biological activities and diverse sources. This comprehensive review explores the therapeutic potential of various marine antioxidants in mitigating oxidative stress-associated diseases.

Dual energy CT-based Radiomics for identification of myocardial focal scar and artificial beam-hardening.

Background: Computed tomography is an inadequate method for detecting myocardial focal scar (MFS) due to its moderate density resolution, which is insufficient for distinguishing MFS from artificial beam-hardening (BH). Virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) of dual-energy coronary computed tomography angiography (DECCTA) provide a variety of diagnostic information with significant potential for detecting myocardial lesions. The aim of this study was to assess whether radiomics analysis in VMIs of DECCTA can help distinguish MFS from BH.

Application of deep learning convolutional neural networks to identify gastric squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

Objective: In non-clinical safety evaluation of drugs, pathological result is one of the gold standards for determining toxic effects. However, pathological diagnosis might be challenging and affected by pathologist expertise. In carcinogenicity studies, drug-induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mouse stomach represents a diagnostic challenge for toxicopathologists.

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on microbial dynamics: Altered nitrogen fixation and ammonia oxidation in biological soil crusts.

Nitrogen-limited drylands are highly sensitive to environmental changes, with biological soil crusts playing a key role in biological nitrogen fixation. Ammonia oxidation, the rate-limiting step in nitrification, is essential for nitrogen retention in soils. Despite sustained high global nitrogen deposition, the impacts of varying nitrogen addition levels on nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation by crusts, and nitrogen cycling remain poorly understood.

Intraspecific Variability of Xylem Hydraulic Traits of Growing in the Desert of Northern Xinjiang, China.

Plant hydraulic traits are essential for understanding and predicting plant drought resistance. Investigations into the mechanisms of the xylem anatomical traits of desert shrubs in response to climate can help us to understand plant survival strategies in extreme environments. This study examined the xylem anatomical traits and related functional traits of the branches of seven populations along a precipitation gradient, to explore their adaptive responses to climatic factors.

Balancing the nutrient needs: Optimising growth in Malus sieversii seedlings through tailored nitrogen and phosphorus effects.

The impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the physiological and biochemical processes crucial for tree seedling growth is substantial. Although the study of plant hydraulic traits in response to N and P is growing, comprehensive research on their combined effects remains limited. Malus sieversii, a key ancestral species of modern apples and a dominant species in Xinjiang's Tianshan wild fruit forest, is witnessing a decline due to climate change, pests and diseases, compounded by challenges in seedling regeneration.

Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world.

Earth harbours an extraordinary plant phenotypic diversity that is at risk from ongoing global changes. However, it remains unknown how increasing aridity and livestock grazing pressure-two major drivers of global change-shape the trait covariation that underlies plant phenotypic diversity. Here we assessed how covariation among 20 chemical and morphological traits responds to aridity and grazing pressure within global drylands.

Analysis of different expression RNA binding protein genes in mouse microglia cell from the brains of mice 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage or sham operation.

Background: The prognosis of brain injury caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poor. Previous studies showed that abnormal function of RBPs might be involved in brain injury, neuroinflammation and further affect microglia homeostasis. However, no studies have systematically analyzed the genome-wide abnormal expression of RBPs genes in microglia during SAH.

Spatiotemporal patterns of leaf nutrients of wild apples in a wild fruit forest plot in the Ili Valley, China.

Malus sieversii, commonly known as wild apples, represents a Tertiary relict plant species and serves as the progenitor of globally cultivated apple varieties. Unfortunately, wild apple populations are facing significant degradation in localized areas due to a myriad of factors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the nutrient status and spatiotemporal variations of M.

A Novel Nano-Laminated GdBC with Excellent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance and Ultra-High-Temperature Thermostability.

A novel nano-laminated GdBC material was successfully synthesized using GdH, BC, and C an in situ solid-state reaction approach for the first time. The formation process of GdBC was revealed based on the microstructure and phase evolution investigation. Purity of 96.

A 3D spheroid model of quadruple cell co-culture with improved liver functions for hepatotoxicity prediction.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major concerns during drug development. Wide acceptance of the 3 R principles and the innovation of in-vitro techniques have introduced various novel model options, among which the three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid cultures have shown a promising prospect in DILI prediction. The present study developed a 3D quadruple cell co-culture liver spheroid model for DILI prediction via self-assembly.

Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands.

Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown.

Social vulnerability assessment under different extreme precipitation scenarios: A case study in Henan Province, China.

Extreme precipitation usually cause grievous losses&casualties, which varies greatly under different scenarios. This paper took Henan province as an example, it innovatively constructed three different extreme precipitation scenarios and built indicators system of social vulnerability from exposure, sensitivity and resilience based on MOVE framework. Social Vulnerability Indexs(SoVI) were then calculated by mathematical models under three different reoccurrence intervals.

Spatial patterns and drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality in China: Arid vs. humid regions.

Ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) refers to an ecosystem's capacity to simultaneously uphold multiple ecological functions or services. In terrestrial ecosystems, the potential patterns and processes of EMF remain largely unexplored, limiting our comprehension of how ecosystems react to various driving factors. We collected environmental, soil and plant nutrient data, investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of EMF in China's terrestrial ecosystems, differentiating between arid and humid regions and examining the underlying drivers.

Soil organic carbon fractions in China: Spatial distribution, drivers, and future changes.

Soil is the world's largest terrestrial carbon pool and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, which may be greatly affected by global change. Recently, research frameworks have indicated that division of soil organic carbon (SOC) into two forms particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) can help us better understand SOC cycle. However, there is a lack of the use of meta-analysis combined with machine learning models to explore the spatial distribution of SOC fractions at large scales.

Mapping biocrust distribution in China's drylands under changing climate.

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are widely distributed in global drylands and have multiple significant roles in regulating dryland soil and ecosystem multifunctionality. However, maps of their distribution over large spatial scales are uncommon and sometimes unreliable, because our current remote sensing technology is unable to efficiently discriminate between biocrusts and vascular plants or even bare soil across different ecosystem and soil types. The lack of biocrust spatial data may limit our ability to detect risks to dryland function or key tipping points.