Unveiling the enigma of anxiety disorders and depression: from pathogenesis to treatment.

Anxiety disorders and depression are among the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions globally, profoundly impairing both individual well-being and societal functioning. Recent research has elucidated key neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders, including neurotransmitter imbalances, dysregulation of stress response systems, and dysfunctions within neural circuits governing emotion regulation. These insights offer significant potential for refining diagnostic approaches, enhancing prevention strategies, and improving therapeutic interventions.

Multifunctional Sulfalene additive regulates crystallization dynamics toward inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability.

The uncontrolled rapid crystallization inherent in one-step solution process for perovskite films preparation often results in poor crystalline quality and compromised stability, presenting a major obstacle to achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To overcome this challenge, we propose a multifunctional additive strategy employing Sulfalene (SL), a sulfonyl-based molecule with dual π-conjugated rings, to precisely regulate crystallization dynamics and produce a high-quality crystalline perovskite film. Experimental results show that the electron-rich oxygen atoms in SL form robust coordination bonds with undercoordinated Pb, effectively modulating crystallization dynamics and extending the crystallization process.

Microsurgical resection of a giant thoracolumbosacral Schwannoma in an adolescent with intraoperative neuromonitoring and anatomical laminoplasty reconstruction.

Spinal schwannomas represent benign neoplasms arising from spinal nerve root sheaths, predominantly occurring in the cauda equina region. By reviewing this case and literature, our aim was to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in managing such rare and challenging cases in the pediatric population. We present an exceptional pediatric case of a giant thoracolumbosacral schwannoma with multi-root involvement, neuroimaging revealed a 36-cm intradural mass extending from T10 to the coccyx, representing the longest documented spinal schwannoma to date.

Boosting carbonate radicals production to enhance photocatalytic Degradation of micropollutants.

Reversing the detrimental effects of complex water matrices (e.g., HCO) on micropollutant degradation through modulation of the reaction pathway remains a major challenge.

Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptomic profiling reveals cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity in glioblastoma and establishes a clinically actionable prognostic model and preliminary experimental validation.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) critically regulate tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This study investigated the characteristics of CAFs in glioblastoma (GBM) and developed a CAF-based risk signature to predict patient prognosis. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, whereas the bulk RNA-seq datasets were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), respectively.

Single-Atom Catalysts for CO Reduction to Oxalate: Theoretical Design and Reaction Condition Prediction.

The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into high-value-added products under mild conditions is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. Oxalate (CO) is one of the most important industrial raw materials and is widely used as a reducing agent in the fields of medicine, dyeing, and plastics yet faces challenges in efficient C-C bond formation under mild conditions. In this study, we investigate the reduction of CO to CO using single-atom catalysts (SACs) with M-N-C configurations, employing density functional theory (DFT) to assess their catalytic performance under varying reaction conditions.

Metastable 1T-RhO with a Triangular Lattice: A Possible Quantum Spin Liquid Candidate.

The discovery of intrinsic magnetism in layered van der Waals (vdW) magnets has received intensive attention due to their fundamental importance in low-dimensional magnetism and potential device applications. To date, most vdW magnets contain 3d transition metals. Extending vdW magnetism to 4d and 5d transition metal systems is therefore of great interest as it offers opportunities to explore exotic magnetic behaviors arising from the interplay between electronic correlations and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC).

Creating Extrinsic Self-Trapped Excitons by Isoelectronic Doping for Lead-Free High-Efficiency Light Emission and High-Performance X-ray Scintillators.

Metal-ion doping has been widely employed to enhance light emission from self-trapped excitons (STEs) in metal halide perovskites. However, the literature often fails to clearly differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic STEs. In this work, we demonstrate an exemplary extrinsic STE and identify its characteristics through experimental signatures and first-principles calculations.

The sugar transporter GmSWEET48 impacts seed yield and composition of soybean.

During the early stages of seed development, the small embryo receives large amounts of sugar from the liquid endosperm of the developing seed. A sugar deficit can lead to severe seed abortion and yield loss. However, the key factors influencing sugar transport and crop yield remain largely unknown.

Effects of high-impact jumping versus resistance exercise on bone mineral content in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The childhood and adolescent period represent a critical window for bone development. Mechanical loading through physical exercise effectively stimulates osteogenic responses, promoting peak bone mass accumulation-a key factor in osteoporosis prevention.

Objective: To compare the effects of high-impact jumping versus resistance exercise on bone mineral content (BMC) in children and adolescents, thereby identifying the most osteogenic exercise modality.

Can mutation abundance assess the biological behavior of BRAF-positive papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Background: BRAF mutation is the most common genetic change in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Nevertheless, the association between BRAF mutation status and abundance and the biological behavior of PTC is unclear. Thus, this study investigated whether BRAF mutation status and abundance are related to PTC biological behavior and whether BRAF mutation abundance can be used to further stratify risk.

Multifunctional Interfacial Molecular Bridging Strategy Enables Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Interface engineering in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) faces critical challenges arising from nonideal interfacial contact, defect accumulation, impeded carrier transport, and energy-level misalignment between the perovskite and electron transport layer, for example, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). These interfacial deficiencies collectively induce nonradiative recombination and degrade device stability. Herein, a multifunctional interfacial molecular bridging strategy using (benzhydrylthio)acetic acid (DSA) addresses the upper interfacial issues of inverted PSCs, achieving three synergistic roles.

The Influence of Age on the Effective Dosage of Intravenous Remimazolam for the Relief of Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients at Median and 95% Effective Doses: A Prospective Study.

Purpose: Preoperative anxiety is an urgent problem in pediatric patients. This trial evaluated intravenous remimazolam for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients, assessing efficacy, safety, and age-dependent dose effects.

Patients And Methods: In this two-part study, Aged 1~6 years old, 293 ASA I-II children [Parental Separation Anxiety Score (PSAS) ≥3 after nonpharmacological interventions] were enrolled.

Integrin αvβ6 mediates the effects of age-related decreases in matrix stiffness on Tenon's fibroblast activation and bleb scarring in glaucoma.

Glaucoma, including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma, leads to optic nerve injury and visual field loss, often necessitating surgical intervention to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Trabeculectomy, the most common glaucoma surgery, could fail due to excessive scarring of the filtering bleb, driven by the hyperproliferation of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs). Herein, the impact of aging on matrix stiffness in Tenon's capsule tissue, the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in the phenotypic transformation of HTFs, and the regulatory function of integrin alphavbeta6 (αvβ6) were investigated.

Lightweight insulator target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOX.

To address the challenges of high parameter volume, insufficient detection accuracy, and high false positive rates in traditional insulator target detection algorithms, this paper proposes a lightweight detection algorithm based on an enhanced YOLOX framework. First, Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DWConv) are employed to replace traditional convolutions, simplifying the model structure and reducing parameter count. Second, the Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast-N (SPPF-N) module is introduced to substitute the traditional SPP module, and the last CSPLayer is removed, further compressing parameters while improving detection speed.

HPV genotyping agreement between paired cervical cytological sample and biopsy across lesion severity and vaccination.

Background: Cytological samples are genotyped to inform clinical management of HPV-infected women due to their accessibility. Conversely, HPV genotypes identified in biopsies are deemed directly associated with cervical lesions. Thus, investigating genotyping agreement between these two sample types and potential influence of lesion severity and vaccination status on their degree of concordance is essential for understanding their diagnostic reliability.

Sustainable synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon from deoiled camphor leaves via cellulase hydrolysis and potassium bicarbonate activation for high-performance supercapacitors.

Hierarchical porous carbon with a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-like morphology was successfully synthesized using a sustainable approach. Camphor leaf biomass, after essential oil extraction, was employed for the first time as the raw material and co-treated with cellulase and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO). Cellulase treatment disrupted the lignocellulosic framework, which enhanced the pore expansion and facilitated the penetration of KHCO, leading to the development of abundant micro- and meso-porous structures.

Correlation Between Macular Microstructural Changes with Disease Staging and Visual Acuity in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the changes in macular microvascular structure at different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the correlation between macular ischemia and visual acuity.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 173 patients with DR were enrolled and divided into three groups according to DR stage.

Toripalimab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPATORCH): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: Although several PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic agents have been approved as first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, treatment needs remain unmet given the high incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma and due to factors such as regional approval status, medical insurance restrictions, and cost considerations. In this phase 3 HEPATORCH study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib in patients with previously untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: We did a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study in 57 hospitals across mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore.

Enhanced Rap1 small GTPase activity in the ventral hippocampus drives stress-induced anxiety.

Chronic stress exposure is a primary contributor to the development of anxiety disorders, closely associated with hippocampal dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS), we observed a notable increase in the activity, rather than its overall expression level, of hippocampal Rap1, a small guanosine triphosphatase belonging to the Ras superfamily.

Plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles regulated FRET process for ultrasensitive dual mode detection of riboflavin.

Riboflavin (RF), a crucial member of the B vitamin family, plays a pivotal role in human health, with its concentrations in the body serving as a key indicator of physiological status. Consequently, the development of simple and highly sensitive methods for RF detection is of paramount importance. In this study, Au@SiO nanorods (NRs) were integrated into a Förster Resonance energy transfer (FRET) system composed of 4-methyl umbrella(4MU)-RF to construct a Plasmon Enhanced-Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (PE-FRET) based organic fluorescence sensing platform for RF detection in a neutral aqueous solution.

[Ameliorative effects of Lycii Fructus-Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios on retinal damage in mice].

This study aimed to compare the ameliorative effects of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios on retinal damage in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A retinal injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate(NaIO_3) solution. The mice were divided into the following groups: blank group, model group, positive drug(AREDS 2) group, low-and high-dose groups of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at 1∶1, low-and high-dose groups at 3∶1, and low-and high-dose groups at 1∶3.

Anlotinib plus penpulimab versus sorafenib in the first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (APOLLO): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Immunotherapy combinations have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not all yield a significant overall survival benefit, underscoring the need for novel effective agents. Anlotinib plus penpulimab has demonstrated encouraging activity and safety in a phase 2 study. In this phase 3 trial, we aimed to assess whether the combination of anlotinib plus penpulimab improved survival versus sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC.

A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of KN056 (a recombinant human GLP-1 variant Fc fusion protein) in healthy Chinese participants.

Background: This randomized clinical pharmacology trial investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety, and tolerability of KN056 following single-dose subcutaneous administration in healthy Chinese participants.

Methods: Thirty healthy male subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of KN056 (0.5, 1.