Multifunctional Sulfalene additive regulates crystallization dynamics toward inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability.

The uncontrolled rapid crystallization inherent in one-step solution process for perovskite films preparation often results in poor crystalline quality and compromised stability, presenting a major obstacle to achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To overcome this challenge, we propose a multifunctional additive strategy employing Sulfalene (SL), a sulfonyl-based molecule with dual π-conjugated rings, to precisely regulate crystallization dynamics and produce a high-quality crystalline perovskite film. Experimental results show that the electron-rich oxygen atoms in SL form robust coordination bonds with undercoordinated Pb, effectively modulating crystallization dynamics and extending the crystallization process.

Facet Engineering-Modulated Electrochemiluminescence of Reticular Crystalline Nanoemitters.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as a light-emitting process involves the interfacial charge transfer between the electrochemically generated emitter's intermediate and the coreactant/emitter, critically governed by the emitter's electronic structure and exposed surface state. However, the relationship between the emitter's exposed surface state and ECL performance remains unexplored. Herein, a series of metal-organic framework (MOF) emitters is synthesized via controlled crystal growth, achieving selective exposure of (001), (100), and (110) facets characterized by micro-electron diffraction (MicroED) on nanoplate, nanoblock, and nanorod-shaped MOFs, respectively.

Consolidation process of uncemented backfill slurry in a mine stope considering hydro-geotechnical properties of rockmass in adjacent stopes.

In open stoping with subsequent backfill mining, the filled slurry in one stope is typically surrounded by the rockmass in adjacent stopes. The rockmass generally contain geological faults and joints that can serve as seepage pathways for pore water within the backfill slurry during consolidation process. However, these impacts from the adjacent rockmass were usually simplified to an impermeable or permeable boundary in previous studies.

Reconstruction of the three-dimensional dissolved oxygen and its spatio-temporal variations in the Mediterranean Sea using machine learning.

Oceanic dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems. Against the backdrop of global warming, DO shows a general decrease, posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced tools to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of three-dimensional (3D) DO.

How Lattice Strain Affects Nonradiative Recombination and Mobility in FAPbI.

The lattice strain resulting from the fabrication process in hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites (HOIPs) and its dynamic changes under illumination are the key factors that affect the efficiency and intrinsic stability of HOIP-based solar cells. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and in-depth understanding regarding how lattice strain influences the dynamic behavior and transport properties of charge carriers in organic-inorganic halide perovskites (HOIPs), as well as how light illumination triggers lattice strain. Here, our simulation results indicate that a 1% compressive stress delays hot electron cooling and increases the electron mobility by around 50%, while a 1% tensile stress accelerates cooling and reduces the electron mobility by about 37%.

Positive and Negative Effects under Light Illumination in Halide Perovskites.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have excellent characteristics and present great potential in a broad range of applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, the light stability of devices remains an unresolved issue and has received great research attention. Under light illumination, MHPs exhibit various anomalous phenomena, such as photoluminescence (PL) enhancement, defect curing, PL blinking, and phase segregation.

Identification of enterotype for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by behavioral and dysexecutive deficits. Its pathogenesis is closely associated with the intestinal flora. This study aimed to explore the enterotypes in AD by identifying key bacteria through machine learning and species co-occurrence network analysis.

Spin Crossover and Exchange Effects on Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyzed by Bimetallic Metal Organic Frameworks.

Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (BMOFs) have shown a superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, attributed to the synergistic effects of dual metal sites. However, the significant role of these dual-metal synergies in the OER is not yet fully understood. In this study, we employed density functional theory to systematically investigate the OER performance of NiAl- and NiFe-based BMOFs by examining all possible spin states of each intermediate across diverse external potentials and pH environments.

Electron Accumulation Induced by Electron Injection-Incomplete Discharge on NiFe LDH for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Optimizing the local electronic structure of electrocatalysts can effectively lower the energy barrier of electrochemical reactions, thus enhancing the electrocatalytic activity. However, the intrinsic contribution of the electronic effect is still experimentally unclear. In this work, the electron injection-incomplete discharge approach to achieve the electron accumulation (EA) degree on the nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) is proposed, to reveal the intrinsic contribution of EA toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Regulating Surface Defects to Achieve More Positive Light Soaking Effect in Perovskite Solar Cells.

The dynamic defect tolerance under light soaking is a crucial aspect of halide perovskites. However, the underlying physics of light soaking remains elusive and is subject to debate, exhibiting both positive and negative effects. In this investigation, we demonstrated that surface defects in perovskite films significantly impact the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells, closely correlated with light soaking behaviors.

In situ synthesis of tentacle-like NiC/MoC/NF nanorods array with excellent hydrogen evolution reaction at high current densities.

The problem limiting the use of hydrogen evolution reactions in industry is the inability of electrocatalysts to operate stably at high current densities, so the development of stable and efficient electrocatalysts is important for hydrogen production by water splitting. By designing a rational interface engineering not only can the problem of limited number of catalytic sites in the catalyst be solved, but also can facilitate electron transfer, thus enhancing the efficiency of water splitting. Here, we designed a two-stage chemical vapour deposition method to construct NiC/MoC nanorod arrays on nickel foam to enhance the electrocatalytic ability of the catalysts, which exhibited efficient HER catalytic activity due to their special tentacle-like nanorod structure and abundant heterogeneous junction surfaces, which brought about abundant active sites as well as promoted electron transfer capability.

Effect of angiotensin II on irradiation exacerbated decompression sickness.

In some complicated situations, decompression sickness (DCS) combined with other injuries, such as irradiation, will seriously endanger life safety. However, it is still unclear whether irradiation will increase the incidence of DCS. This study was designed to investigate the damage effects of irradiation on decompression injury and the underlying mechanism.

Simulation of Land Use Pattern Based on Land Ecological Security: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China.

The process of rapid urbanization has intensified the conversion of different land use types, resulting in a substantial loss of ecological land and ecological security being threatened. In the context of China's vigorous advocacy of an ecological civilization, it is important to explore future land use patterns under ecological security constraints to promote sustainable development. The insufficient consideration of land ecological security in existing land use pattern simulation studies makes it difficult to effectively promote improvement in the ecological security level.

Factors influencing abandoned farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, and the governance paths: A case study of Xingning City.

The current global pandemic has laid bare the importance of national food security to human survival. Many cultivated lands in the hilly, mountainous, and other marginalized areas have been abandoned on a large scale, resulting in a tremendous waste of agricultural resources, thereby threatening national food security. Here, we studied abandoned farmland in Xingning City, a mountainous area in northern Guangdong province.

Study on the mechanism of tunable ferromagnetic composites with different rare earth ions.

Size-controlled FeO nanoparticles doped with rare earth (RE) ions (La, Ce, and Dy) varying from 15 nm to 30 nm were successful synthesized by a hydrothermal method for potential applications in the fields of biomedicine, environmental protection and magnetic memory devices. They possessed good dispersibility, adjustable particle size and nearly spherical shape. The particle grain size was uniformly distributed and showed a low degree of agglomeration in comparison with undoped FeO nanoparticles.

Chemically activated core-shell structured IF-WS@C nanoparticles enhance sugarcane-based carbon/epoxy nanocomposites.

Ternary composites have demonstrated better capability than binary composites in enhancing the mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resins and are, therefore, currently under intensive investigation. Herein, we report a novel ternary nanocomposite prepared by filling a binary BPF (bisphenol F epoxy resin)/SCPs (sugarcane-based carbon powders) matrix with C-coated inorganic fullerene-like tungsten disulfide (IF-WS@C) nanoparticles, and the analysis of its interface synergetic effect using XPS/FTIR. This activated nano-carbon core-shell structure filler is considered an ideal nanofiller and shows the excellent mechanical performance of the ternary composites.

Construction of CoP/CoP Coexisting Bifunctional Self-Supporting Electrocatalysts for High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution.

Development of a low cost, high activity, and stable nonprecious metal bifunctional catalyst for electrocatalytic water cracking is a hot topic and big challenge. In this paper, we prepared a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (NCNT)-enhanced three-dimensional self-supported electrocatalyst with CoP and CoP coexistence by a two-step strategy of high-temperature carbonization and low-temperature phosphorylation. Furthermore, the induced three-dimensional carbon network skeleton facilitates rapid charge transfer.

In-situ fabrication of NiSe/MoSe hollow rod array for enhanced catalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

Alkaline water electrocatalysis is considered as one of the most reliable method to prepare the stable, inexpensive, and sustainable water splitting catalyst in large-scale. Recently, MoSe attracted great attention as a promising catalyst because of its high electrochemical activity and earth-abundant nature. In this paper, bionic NiSe/MoSe coralline-liked heterogeneous structures were successfully prepared on 3D nickel foam (NF) via a simple solvothermal process complemented by hydrothermal strategy with selenization and alkali treatment.

N-Doped Graphenelike Nanostructures from -Nitro Aniline-Based Foam: Formation, Structure, and Applications as a Nanofiller.

Production of snake foam based on -nitro aniline (PNA) was considered fun in old-school chemistry laboratories. Herein, we report the fabrication of a new carbon nanomaterial from PNA-based foam. The resulting material, resembling graphene and consisting of nitrogen heteroatoms, is N-doped graphenelike nanostructures, and their morphology, structure, and stability are comprehensively examined using combined techniques including C-13 NMR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Two novel human anti-CD25 antibodies with antitumor activity inversely related to their affinity and in vitro activity.

High tumor regulatory T (Treg) cell infiltration is associated with poor prognosis of many cancers. CD25 is highly expressed on tumor Treg cells and is a potential target for Treg deletion. Previously characterized anti-CD25 antibodies appear to have limited efficacy in tumor inhibition.

Defect-Rich Heterogeneous MoS/rGO/NiS Nanocomposite for Efficient pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has been universally demonstrated to be an effective electrocatalytic catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the low conductivity, few active sites and poor stability of MoS-based electrocatalysts hinder its hydrogen evolution performance in a wide pH range. The introduction of other metal phases and carbon materials can create rich interfaces and defects to enhance the activity and stability of the catalyst.

Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsy for Small (≤20 mm) Lung Nodules: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy for small lung nodules (SLNs) (≤20 mm) and to assess related complication rates.

Methods: We reviewed the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all relevant studies published as of April 2020. Random effects modeling were then used to evaluate pooled data pertaining to technical success rates, diagnostic accuracy, pneumothorax rates, and rates of hemoptysis.

Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical condition and oncogene expression in advanced gastric cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen of XELOX (capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin) on surgical condition and oncogene expression in advanced gastric cancer.

Methods: From January 2015 to July 2016, 124 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to our hospital were selected. Random number table method was used to divide them into an observation group and a control group, 62 each group.

CT findings and features of postoperative abdominal infection patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the values of Computed Tomography (CT) in diagnosing postoperative pancreatic surgeryabdominalinfection and its efficacy and to provide a reasonable method for the diagnosis of abdominal infection.

Methods: Seventy-two patients who were confirmed as resectablepancreatic carcinoma by physical examination, CT, positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ER-CP), endoscopic ultrasonography and mesenteric angiography and were admitted to the Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, China, from July 2013 to July 2015 were randomly selected. The plain CT images and clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.