Anti-MDA5 antibody IgG1 subtype is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis.

Background: Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is a severe, often fatal complication in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5 DM). Early prediction of RP-ILD still remains challenging. We aimed to explore the link between anti-MDA5 IgG subtypes and ILD prognosis in individuals with MDA5 DM.

Vulnerability of soil food webs to chemical pollution and climate change.

Soil food webs are critical for maintaining ecosystem functions but are challenged by various stressors including climate change, habitat destruction and pollution. Although complex multitrophic networks can, in theory, buffer environmental stress, the effects of anthropogenic chemicals on soil food webs under climate change remain poorly understood. Here we propose that the effects of chemical pollution on soil communities have been largely underestimated, particularly for climate change-affected ecosystems.

Characterizing bioaccumulation and translocation of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids and novel alternatives p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate and polyfluorinated ether sulfonate in different ryegrass cultivars: Implications for phytoremediation screening.

The hazardous perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) are being replaced by novel alternatives, and ryegrass demonstrates a promising potential for phytoremediation. This study explored the differential uptake, translocation and distribution patterns of different chain-length PFSAs as well as alternative sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES), collectively designated as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in ten Italian ryegrass cultivars, and identified the roles of specific PFAS functional groups and plant protein in ryegrass bioaccumulation. Long-chain PFSAs showed high contamination loads in whole ryegrass plants, with majority in roots (e.

2025 Chinese guideline for the imaging diagnosis and evaluation of Takayasu arteritis.

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) presents as systemic vasculitis. Imaging is crucial for the diagnosis and evaluation of TAK, but the rational selection of imaging methods and interpretation of imaging results are major challenges in clinical practice, which can affect treatment decisions. This guideline aims to establish standardized protocols for selecting imaging modalities (as well as interpreting their findings) in TAK.

Microbial potential to mitigate neurotoxic methylmercury accumulation in farmlands and rice.

Toxic methylmercury (CHHg) is produced by microbial conversion of inorganic mercury in hypoxic environments such as rice paddy soils, and can accumulate in rice grains. Although microbial demethylation has been recognized as a crucial pathway for CHHg degradation, the identities of microbes and pathways accountable for CHHg degradation in soil remain elusive. Here, we combine CHHg-DNA stable-isotope probing experiments with shotgun metagenomics to explore microbial taxa and associated biochemical processes involved in CHHg degradation in paddy and upland soils.

Soil microbial necromass carbon contributions to soil organic carbon after three decades of citrus cultivation.

Introduction: Citrus is one of the most economically significant fruits globally, and soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a central role in maintaining soil health and fertility. Consequently, enhancing SOC content directly influences both the yield and quality of citrus crops. However, the sources of SOC in citrus orchards and their mechanisms of contribution remains poorly understood.

Cadmium and lead ions interaction: A model for assessing combined heavy metal contamination in soils for food safety risk evaluation.

Extensive research has delved into the toxicity and risks associated with individual heavy metals. While some studies have explored the combined toxicity of various heavy metals, there remains a pressing necessity to establish protocols for evaluating the combined contamination of heavy metal mixtures in relation to agricultural food safety risks. Here, we investigated the combined toxicity of cadmium (Cd(II)) and lead (Pb(II)) to Triticum aestivum L.

Sunlight-Driven Transformation of Ferrihydrite via Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer: The Critical Factors and Arsenic Repartitioning.

Ferrihydrite, a poorly ordered metastable iron oxide, is closely associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils and sediments. Although sunlight-induced photoreductive dissolution of ferrihydrite via ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) has been extensively studied, its potential impacts on mineralogical transformation and environmental behaviors of coexisting contaminants remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of environmental parameters (e.

Spontaneous Abiotic Reduction of Arsenate to Arsenite Mediated by Structural Fe(II) Resulting from Abundant Oxygen Vacancy Clusters in Poorly Crystalline Ferrihydrite in Drought Environments.

The reduction of As(V) to As(III) has been proposed as an undesirable process, increasing the mobility and toxicity of arsenic. Although most studies revealed that As(V) reduction occurs in the aqueous phase, it remains unclear whether abiotic As(V) reduction driven by minerals in drought environments also exists. In this study, we examined the transformation of As(V) to As(III) mediated by ferrihydrite during drying processes using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analyses.

Quantitative Enhancement of Arsenate Immobilization Induced by Vacancy Defects on Various Exposed Lattice Facets of Hematite.

Defects are common features in hematite that arise from deviations from the perfect mineral crystal structure. Vacancy defects have been shown to significantly enhance arsenate (As) immobilization by hematite. However, the contributions from vacancy defects on different exposed facets of hematite have not been fully quantified.

Iron(II/III) Alters the Relative Roles of the Microbial Byproduct and Humic Acid during Chromium(VI) Reduction and Fixation by Soil-Dissolved Organic Matter.

Though reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) to Cr(III) by dissolved organic matter (DOM) is critical for the remediation of polluted soils, the effects of DOM chemodiversity and underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. Here, Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization mediated by microbial byproduct (MBP)- and humic acid (HA)-like components in (hot) water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), (H)WSOM, from four soil samples in tropical and subtropical regions of China were investigated. It demonstrates that Cr(VI) reduction capacity decreases in the order WSOM > HWSOM and MBP-enriched DOM > HA-enriched DOM due to the higher contents of low molecular weight saturated compounds and CHO molecules in the former.

Effects of dimethylarsenate coprecipitation with ferrihydrite on Fe(II)-induced mineral transformation and the release of dimethylarsenate.

Organoarsenicals are toxic pollutants of global concern, and their environmental geochemical behavior might be greatly controlled by iron (Fe) (hydr)oxides through coprecipitation, which is rarely investigated. Here, the effects of the incorporation of dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)), a typical organoarsenical, into the ferrihydrite (Fh) structure on the mineral physicochemical properties and Fe(II)-induced phase transformation of DMAs(V)-Fh coprecipitates with As/Fe molar ratios up to 0.0876 ± 0.

[Analysis of clinical features of ruccrent interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-EJ positive antisynthetase syndrome].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of 57 patients diagnosed with anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase (anti-EJ) positive antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), a subtype of anti-glycyl tRNA positive ASS, complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD), and to investigate the factors asso-ciated with ILD recurrence.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 57 anti-EJ positive ASS patientswho were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2024. The data collected included demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, chest CT findings, and pulmonary function tests.

Low serum S100A6 levels are associated RP-ILD risk in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis.

Introduction: Anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5-DM) is a rare autoimmune disease that often leads to rapid-progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). The lack of effective prediction and treatment methods makes RP-ILD a major risk factor for death in patients with this condition. S100A6 is a member of the S100 Ca2 + - binding protein family, which plays important roles in inflammation, tumor, injury, and fibroblast reparation.

Optimizing cover crop practices as a sustainable solution for global agroecosystem services.

The practice of cover crops has gained popularity as a strategy to improve agricultural sustainability, but its full potential is often limited by environmental trade-offs. Using meta-analytic and data-driven quantifications of 2302 observations, we optimized cover crop practices and evaluated their benefits for global agroecosystems. Cover crops have historically boosted crop yields, soil carbon storage, and stability, but also stimulated greenhouse gas emissions.

Gut microbiome and metabolomics in systemic sclerosis: feature, link and mechanisms.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and highly heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ and tissue fibrosis, often accompanied by a poor prognosis and high mortality rates. The primary pathogenic mechanisms of SSc are considered to involve tissue fibrosis, autoimmune dysfunction, and microvascular abnormalities. Recent studies have shed light on the gut microbiota (GM) and metabolites in SSc patients, revealing their association with gastrointestinal symptoms and disease phenotypes.

Structure-based design and screening of hydrogel copolymer/FeO composite microspheres for magnetic solid phase extraction of bisphenol A from aqueous samples.

It is of great significance to monitor bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment because of its potential environmental and health risks. However, the detection of trace or ultratrace BPA in complicated environmental samples is challenging due to the relatively low affinity and poor selectivity of existing adsorbents used in sample pretreatment. Herein, we report a high-affinity, low environment-dependent and strong interference-resistant abiotic affinity ligand, a N-methacryloyl-l-lysine-NH (MLys)-based hydrogel copolymer (HP 17) screened from a small focused polymer library engineered by incorporating various combinations and ratios of candidate functional monomers.

AdipoR1 promotes pathogenic Th17 differentiation by regulating mitochondrial function through FUNDC1.

Adiponectin receptor 1 ( ) deficiency has been shown to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation and reduce joint inflammation and bone erosion in antigen-induced arthritis mice. Additional emerging evidence indicates that Th17 cells may differentiate into pathogenic (pTh17) and non-pathogenic (npTh17) cells, with the pTh17 cells playing a crucial role in numerous autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. In the current study, we found that deficiency inhibited pTh17 differentiation and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pTh17 cells.

Elucidating Phosphate and Cadmium Cosorption Mechanisms on Mineral Surfaces with Direct Spectroscopic and Modeling Evidence.

The simultaneous sorption of cations and anions at the mineral-water interface can substantially alter their individual sorption characteristics; however, this phenomenon lacks a mechanistic understanding. Our study provides direct spectroscopic and modeling evidence of the molecular cosorption mechanisms of the cadmium ion (Cd) and phosphate (P) on goethite and layered manganese (Mn) oxide of birnessite, through in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), P -edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and surface complexation modeling. Phosphate synergistically cosorbed with Cd on goethite predominantly through P-bridged ternary complexes (≡Fe-P-Cd) and electrostatic interactions at wide pH conditions.

Spatial variations and vertical migration potentials of petroleum hydrocarbons with varying chain lengths in soils of different depths: Roles of solid and dissolved organic matters and soil texture.

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in contaminated sites may threaten human health and ecological safety, while the environmental behaviors of PHs with varying carbon chains and critical influencing factors need to be elucidated, thus facilitating efficient risk management. This study explored the occurrence characteristics and spatial variations of different PHs at the depths of 0-10 m in an abandoned industrial site, as well as evaluated the effects of solid organic matter (SOM), dissolved organic matter (DOM), and soil texture on the migration potentials of PHs with varying carbon chains. Furthermore, the leaching potentials of different PHs were integrated into their risk assessment.

Chromium(VI) Adsorption and Reduction in Soils under Anoxic Conditions: The Relative Roles of Iron (oxyhr)oxides, Iron(II), Organic Matters, and Microbes.

Chromium (Cr) transformation in soils mediated by iron (Fe) (oxyhr)oxides, Fe(II), organic matter (OM), and microbes is largely unexplored. Here, their coupling processes and mechanisms were investigated during anoxic incubation experiments of four Cr(VI) spiked soil samples with distinct physicochemical properties from the tropical and subtropical regions of China. It demonstrates that easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC, 55-84%) and microbes (16-48%) drive Cr(VI) reduction in soils enriched with goethite and/or hematite, among which in dryland soils microbial sulfate reduction may also be involved.

Highly enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by nZVI in presence of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate: The depassivation performance and multiple electron transfer mechanisms.

The capability of traditional ligand in countering rapid passivation on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) surface is inadequate, and the precise electron transfer mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we reported that myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP), a redox-inactive organophosphorus in soil, could highly enhance Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization in comparison with typical ligands (TPP, EDTA, oxalate and phosphate). And the effects of IHP concentration, Cr(VI) concentration and initial pH were systematically investigated.

Extent of As(III) versus As(V) adsorption on iron (oxyhydr) oxides depends on the presence of vacancy cluster-like micropore sites: Insights into a seesaw effect.

Iron (oxyhydr)oxides are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and play a crucial role in controling the fate of arsenic in sediments and groundwater. Although there is evidence that different iron (oxyhydr)oxides have different affinities towards As(III) and As(V), it is still unclear why As(V) adsorption on some iron (oxyhydr)oxides is larger than As(III) adsorption, while it is opposite for other ones. In this study, six typical iron (oxyhydr)oxides are selected to evaluate their adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V).

Rapid Oxidative Dissolution of Zerovalent Iron Induced by Sulfite for Efficient Removal of Arsenate and Arsenite: Selective Formation of Scorodite.

In this study, we proposed a moderate oxidation strategy for accelerating the oxidative dissolution of zerovalent iron (ZVI) using sulfite (S(IV)), thereby improving the removal of As(V) and As(III). Results revealed that, in the presence of 2.0 mM S(IV), both As(V) and As(III) were selectively converted into scorodite at pH 3.