Data-independent acquisition-based blood proteomics unveils predictive biomarkers for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening condition affecting preterm infants, sometimes necessitating surgical treatment. This study aimed to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and access their biological and clinical significance in the plasma of neonates with NEC. Peripheral blood samples were collected from NEC infants at various time points, and plasma was separated.

Laparoscopic-assisted sclerotherapy in pediatric retroperitoneal lymphatic malformations.

Background: Retroperitoneal lymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare. Currently, the treatment of retroperitoneal LMs remains challenging. This study aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted sclerotherapy for retroperitoneal LMs in pediatric patients.

Tracking changes in image-defined risk factors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their predictive value for surgical outcomes based on the International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form.

Background: The capacity of presurgical image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) to predict secondary surgical outcomes in patients with neuroblastoma is controversial.

Methods: The International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form (INSRF) was employed to retrospectively collect the clinical data of 53 patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma at our hospital from April 2014 to April 2020. IDRFs were identified at the time of diagnosis and reassessed during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Effectiveness of preoperative ultrasonography in predicting metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia in children: a single-arm prospective study using a historical control for comparison.

Purpose: To analyze the value of ultrasonography in predicting metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) and diagnosing contralateral persistent processus vaginalis (CPPV) in children with unilateral inguinal hernia, a prospective study was conducted.

Methods: All participants underwent a preoperative ultrasound on the contralateral groin. Patients in group A1 received operating procedure according to ultrasound results (patients with negative contralateral US results received hernia repair on the affected side), and patients in group A2 received operation according to laparoscopic results (patients received hernia repair and CPPV ligation).

Targeted LC-MS/MS profiling of bile acids reveals primary/secondary bile acid ratio as a novel biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis.

Bile acids (BAs) are involved in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which mainly occurs in preterm infants. We aim to identify the change of BAs in preterm infants and validate its potential value in the detection of NEC. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to measure the plasma BAs in healthy preterm infants and patients with NEC.

Misdiagnosis of scrotal and retroperitoneal lymphangioma in children.

Background: Scrotal and retroperitoneal lymphangioma (SRL) in children is relatively rare and its clinical symptoms are usually difficult to distinguish from other conditions such as hydrocele and incarcerated inguinal oblique hernia. This study aimed to explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of abdominal scrotal lymphangioma in children, and thus, to increase our understandings of this disease in clinical practice.

Method: This study enrolled nine boys, aged 1-10, who were admitted to Shanghai Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 and who were finally confirmed with lymphangioma in the inguinal area.

Elevated expression of histone deacetylase HDAC8 suppresses arginine-proline metabolism in necrotizing enterocolitis.

Epigenetic alterations are especially important in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Here, we reported that histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) plays a previously unknown role in modulating arginine metabolism via acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (acetyl-H3K9) regulation during the pathogenesis of NEC. We found that HDAC8 was upregulated in humans and mice intestinal samples with NEC, while selective inhibition of HDAC8 expression ameliorated NEC.

Pathogenicity of p.Phe147del in RET in familial Hirschsprung's disease.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the pathogenicity of p.Phe147del in a Hirschsprung'irschspru (HSCR) family and facilitate the deeper understanding of HSCR families.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to decipher a HSCR family.

Case report and literature review: An intrahepatic sewing needle in a child.

Background: The presence of intrahepatic foreign bodies is a rare occurrence at the emergency department. Normally, foreign bodies reach the liver through migration. Incidence is lower among children than among adults, and the circumstances of children are often different.

The composition of the gut microbiota is altered in biliary atresia with cholangitis.

Aim: To detect the composition of the gut microbiota in biliary atresia after Kasai surgery.

Methods: Infants within six months after the Kasai operation who were diagnosed by cholangiography at Shanghai Children's Hospital were enrolled in the study. Fecal samples were collected from diapers, placed into sterile tubes in the inpatient department or outpatient department and frozen at -80°C within half an hour.

A retrospective study about incidental appendectomy during the laparoscopic treatment of intussusception.

Purpose: We aim to see incidental appendectomy (IA) was worth or not during the laparoscopic treatment of intussusception.

Methods: This study included forty-eight patients who underwent a laparoscopic procedure for idiopathic intussusception without intestinal resection between April 2014 and April 2021. The Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and the Student -test for continuous variables were used to analyze and compare patient characteristics.

Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex With Isolated Ectopic Bowel Segment: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Objective: To present a case series of the exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) with isolated ectopic bowel segment (IEBS) with the literature review, highlighting the clinical findings and treatments.

Materials And Methods: We present 3 cases of bladder exstrophy (BE) with IEBS in our institute and reviewed the literature in PubMed with the terms "("bladder exstrophy" OR "epispadias") AND ("visceral sequestration" OR "sequestered" OR "ectopic bowel")."

Results: There were 2 males and 1 female.

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for postoperative complications in children with Hirschsprung's disease.

Objective: To explore and analyze the risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD).

Methods: Patients with HD admitted to the hospital from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Follow-up data collected included constipation, fecal incontinence, anastomotic fistula, Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), and readmission.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Pathological Intussusceptions in Children Prior to Surgical Intervention.

Purpose: Establish and validate a nomogram to help predict the preoperative risk of a pathological intussusception.

Methods: A primary cohort of patients who underwent surgery for an intussusception were enrolled from one center, while a validation cohort consisted of patients from another center. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables to build the nomogram.

An unusual case of appendicitis due to appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor in a patient: A case report.

Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is the most common type of appendiceal cancer and is rare in the pediatric population. The clinical characteristics of this cancer are not specific and are highly similar to those of acute appendicitis. By contrast, acute appendicitis is a common surgical indication that is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen.

The relationship between contralateral patent processus vaginalis and metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia in children with unilateral inguinal hernia: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: Laparoscopic contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) repair in children is debatable due to the high CPPV rate, but low metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) rate. We conducted this study to find risk factors for MCIH.

Method: We conducted a prospective, observational trial with patients recruited from Shanghai Children's Hospital.

Teratoid Wilms Tumor and Classical Wilms Tumor: A Retrospective 10-Year Single-Center Study and Literature Review.

Background: One of the most prevalent forms of renal tumors detected among pediatric patients is the Wilms tumor (WT). Teratoid WT is a rare WT subclassification that is characterized by teratoma-like characteristics that include the features of many diverse tissue categories. Less than 70 teratoid Wilms tumor (TWT) cases have been explained up to now.

Primary omental torsion in children: single-center experience of 17 cases.

Objective: Primary omental torsion (POT) is a rare condition in children often misdiagnosed because of a lack of clinical manifestations. Here we present insights gained from the treatment of pediatric POT cases at a single center over 8 years and summarize some influencing factors found in diagnosis and treatment, in order to reduce the misdiagnosis of POT in children in the future.

Methods: Demographic and clinical data of 17 children with POT treated in Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University from June 2012 to December 2020 were reviewed.

DNA Methylome Mapping Identifies Epigenetic Abnormalities in Intestinal Lymphocyte Regulation in Human Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Background: Epigenetic changes occur in response to environmental factors during the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in animal models, but the DNA methylation signature in human patients with NEC has not been examined.

Aim: To illustrate the signature and function of DNA methylation in the intestine of human NEC.

Methods: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were compared between intestinal tissue with NEC and control.

DRG1 Maintains Intestinal Epithelial Cell Junctions and Barrier Function by Regulating RAC1 Activity in Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Background: An immature intestine is a high-risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is a serious intestinal disease in newborns. The regulation of developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) during organ development suggests a potential role of DRG1 in the maturation process of the intestine.

Aim: To illustrate the function of DRG1 during the pathogenesis of NEC.

Pyriform Sinus Fistula in Children: Preferred Imaging Modality and Risk Factors for Diagnostic Delay.

Diagnostic delay of pyriform sinus fistula (PSF) continues to challenge clinicians, and the preferred imaging modality is yet to be verified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferred imaging modality for PSF and the possible risk factors for a longer diagnostic delay. Medical records of patients with a surgically confirmed PSF from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively evaluated.

Role of image-defined risk factors in predicting surgical complications of localized neuroblastoma.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between image-defined risk factors and surgical complications of localized neuroblastoma.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria at our hospitals between June 2014 and June 2019. Patients' clinic data were collected and the common terminology criteria for adverse events were used to categorize complications as major (grade 3-4) or minor (grade 1-2).

Pyriform sinus fistula in children: A comparison of endoscopic-assisted surgery and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation.

Background: Pyriform sinus fistula (PSF) is a rare congenital anomaly, and the preferred definitive treatment is yet to be verified. In this study, we investigated the treatment outcomes of PSF specifically comparing endoscopic-assisted surgery and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RA).

Methods: The medical records of patients treated for PSF at the Shanghai Children's Hospital between October 2016 and September 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.

Type C Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction Is Associated With Perforated Choledochal Cyst in Children.

Perforation of a choledochal cyst (CC) is not rare, but the pathogenesis of spontaneous perforation has not been established. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is commonly seen in association with choledochal cyst. To explore the relationship between PBM and perforated CC, a retrospective study was conducted.