Application of laboratory-result-oriented modular teaching model in the training of clinical hematology laboratory interns.

Background: Current teaching models for clinical hematology laboratory interns often prioritize theoretical knowledge dissemination over the practical application of skills directly tied to analyzing and interpreting laboratory results. This approach potentially limits the development of critical clinical reasoning and problem-solving abilities within the framework of quality management systems like ISO 15189. To address these challenges, this study implemented and evaluated a novel laboratory-result-oriented modular teaching model, explicitly integrating ISO 15189 principles.

Exploring the relationship between dietary index for gut microbiota and cognitive function.

Background: Significant correlations exist between gut microbiota, dietary habits, and cognitive function; the objective of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and cognitive performance. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the strength and direction of the association between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) scores and cognitive performance among older adults, and to further explore whether a dose-response relationship exists, thereby informing potential dietary strategies for cognitive risk stratification.

Methods: Complete DI-GM and cognitive function evaluation data for older adults were taken from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Phenotypic Plasticity, Non-genetic Mechanisms, and Immune Drug Resistance in Cancer.

Cancer immunotherapy is a major advancement in the field. It works by stimulating the patient's immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Several different types of cancer immunotherapies have been developed, such as T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, and many others, which can result in sustainable responses in patients with a wide range of metastatic diseases.

Role of Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most challenging gynecologic malignancies due to its late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and limited survival outcomes. Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in cancer treatment, leveraging the immune system to target tumor cells. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of immunotherapy in OC, discussing its mechanisms, key strategies, and clinical advancements.

Immunotherapy in Melanoma.

This chapter explores systemic treatment strategies for cutaneous melanoma across neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and Stage IV settings. Neoadjuvant therapy aims to reduce tumor burden pre-surgery, primarily using immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab plus ipilimumab, showing promising response rates. Adjuvant therapy, post-resection, leverages immunotherapy (e.

Long-Term Efficacy of CRT, Lucid, Euclid, and IBright Orthokeratology Lenses in Controlling Myopia Progression in Children and Adolescents: A 36-Month Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of four types of orthokeratology (OK) lenses (CRT, Lucid, Euclid, and IBright) in controlling mild to moderate myopia progression among children and adolescents over 36 months.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical records of 219 children (438 eyes) who wore OK lenses for 36 months. Clinical data for the four commonly used OK lenses were collected and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's chi-squared test.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 methylation interaction in major depressive disorder.

Background: Functional abnormalities in different brain regions are related to major depressive disorder (MDD). In our previous study, we demonstrated that DNA methylation of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is related to the occurrence of MDD. The present study aimed to identify the interaction of the functional activities of brain regions identified as regions of interest (RoI) in MDD with TPH2 gene methylation to explore their relationship.

Effect of collimator thickness on the imaging performance of coded-aperture gamma camera.

The coded-aperture gamma camera has significant applications in the fields of space exploration, nuclear security, nuclear industry, and nuclear medicine. The coded-aperture collimator is a key component for modulating gamma rays, and its parameters are important factors to optimize the performance of gamma cameras. In this paper, the impact of collimator thickness on the fully coded field of view and angular resolution was determined through Monte Carlo simulation and experimental verification.

Enhancing oil feedstock utilization for high-yield low-carbon polyhydroxyalkanoates industrial bioproduction.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics, yet their adoption has been hindered by the high production costs and scalability challenges. This study employed unbiased genomics approaches to engineer Cupriavidus necator H16, an industrial strain with intrinsic capabilities for PHA biosynthesis, for enhanced utilization of oil-based feedstocks, including food-grade palm oil and crude waste cooking oil. The engineered strain demonstrated significant improvements in PHA production, achieving a 264 g/L yield (25.

Identification of CCDC58 as a potential predictive biomarker of immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Mitochondrial dynamics play a critical role in the proper functioning of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Coiled-coil domain-containing 58 (CCDC58), a mitochondrial-related gene, has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and infections. However, its predictive value in immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unexplored.

HemaScope: A Tool for Analyzing Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Data of Hematopoietic Cells.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) techniques hold great value in evaluating the heterogeneity and spatial characteristics of hematopoietic cells within tissues. These two techniques are highly complementary, with scRNA-seq offering single-cell resolution and ST retaining spatial information. However, there is an urgent demand for well-organized and user-friendly toolkits capable of handling single-cell and spatial information.

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Relieves Sepsis-Induced Intestinal Injury by Regulating M2 Macrophages.

This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) in regulating M2 macrophages to reduce intestinal injury. An intestinal injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice to explore the alleviating effects of tFNAs on intestinal injury. Inflammatory factors were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

A gamma-ray imaging method for multiple radionuclides and low-activity radioactive sources.

Gamma-ray coded-aperture imaging technology has important applications in the fields of nuclear security, isolated source detection, and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. However, artifacts can reduce the quality of reconstructed images and affect the identification of the intensity and location of radioactive sources. In this paper, a gamma-ray coded-aperture imaging method based on primitive and reversed coded functions (PRCF) was proposed to reduce imaging artifacts.

MiR-24 regulates obstructive pulmonary disease in rats via S100A8.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent inflammatory disorder characterized by minor airway inflammation and emphysema involving various cell types and cytokines. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. This study investigates the impact of microRNA-24 (miR-24) on airway inflammatory responses in a rat model of COPD.

Phenotypic Plasticity and Cancer: A System Biology Perspective.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major axis of phenotypic plasticity not only in diseased conditions such as cancer metastasis and fibrosis but also during normal development and wound healing. Yet-another important axis of plasticity with metastatic implications includes the cancer stem cell (CSCs) and non-CSC transitions. However, in both processes, epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) phenotypes are not merely binary states.

CanCellVar: A database for single-cell variants map in human cancer.

Numerous variants, including both single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in DNA and A>G RNA edits in mRNA as essential drivers of cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis, are commonly associated with cancer progression and growth. Thus, mining and summarizing single-cell variants will provide a refined and higher-resolution view of cancer and further contribute to precision medicine. Here, we established a database, CanCellVar, which aims to provide and visualize the comprehensive atlas of single-cell variants in tumor microenvironment.

A cross-disease, pleiotropy-driven approach for therapeutic target prioritization and evaluation.

Cross-disease genome-wide association studies (GWASs) unveil pleiotropic loci, mostly situated within the non-coding genome, each of which exerts pleiotropic effects across multiple diseases. However, the challenge "W-H-W" (namely, whether, how, and in which specific diseases pleiotropy can inform clinical therapeutics) calls for effective and integrative approaches and tools. We here introduce a pleiotropy-driven approach specifically designed for therapeutic target prioritization and evaluation from cross-disease GWAS summary data, with its validity demonstrated through applications to two systems of disorders (neuropsychiatric and inflammatory).

Anthocyanins from Murray attenuates high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in ApoE mice are related to the modulation of gut microbiota and the ratio of conjugated to unconjugated bile acids in fecal bile acid profile.

Previous findings showed that anthocyanins from Murray (ACN) reduced HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia by regulating gut microbiota, but the mechanism has not been fully understood. The objective of this research was to know whether the cholesterol-lowering impact of ACN in HFD-induced ApoE mice is related to the gut microbiota-bile acid (BA) metabolism. Twenty-four male ApoE mice were divided into three groups: the Control group, the HFD group, and the HFD + ACN group.

Management of -mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Kirsten rat sarcoma virus is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where mutations are present in 32% of lung adenocarcinoma and 4% of squamous cell lung cancer. The most common variant is G12C, which accounts for nearly 40% of all mutations. Although it is the most common oncogenic driver in NSCLC, was considered a "nondruggable target" until recently, owing to the lack of any progress in developing targeted therapies for this oncogene.

Associations of residential greenness with bone mineral density and osteoporosis: the modifying effect of genetic susceptibility.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of residential greenness with bone mineral density and incident osteoporosis, and further evaluate the potential modifying effect of genetic susceptibility.

Methods: We used the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at various buffer distances, including 300 m (NDVI), 500 m (NDVI), 1000 m (NDVI) and 1500 m (NDVI), to serve as indicators of greenness. We fitted linear regression, logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models to assess the associations of residential greenness with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), prevalent osteoporosis and incident osteoporosis, respectively.

Priority index for critical Covid-19 identifies clinically actionable targets and drugs.

While genome-wide studies have identified genomic loci in hosts associated with life-threatening Covid-19 (critical Covid-19), the challenge of resolving these loci hinders further identification of clinically actionable targets and drugs. Building upon our previous success, we here present a priority index solution designed to address this challenge, generating the target and drug resource that consists of two indexes: the target index and the drug index. The primary purpose of the target index is to identify clinically actionable targets by prioritising genes associated with Covid-19.