Analysis and compensation of 3D reconstruction errors in LiDAR with a time-gated SPAD array camera.

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) actively senses the surrounding environment and acquires 3D information by measuring the flight time of light pulses, making it a key technology in active imaging. The single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), known for its extremely high detection sensitivity, has been widely applied in LiDAR systems. With the advent of million-pixel time-gated SPAD array cameras, LiDAR can achieve wide-field, fast 3D imaging in low-light environments.

DNA vaccine targeting betacoronavirus spike protein blocks neuroinvasion and neuroinflammation in swine via dual antiviral-immunomodulatory action.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a neurotropic betacoronavirus, causes fatal neurological disease in piglets, yet no licensed vaccines exist. Here, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of PHEV spike protein fused to IgG1 Fc, adjuvanted with GEL01 (RBD + GEL01). Immunization in mice and piglets elicited robust neutralizing antibodies (titers up to 1:446 and 1:147, respectively) and Th1-biased cellular immunity.

Oxidative stress-mediated PANoptosis and ferroptosis: Exploration of multimodal cell death triggered by an AIE-active nano-photosensitizer via photodynamic therapy.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment for its capacity to activate specific cell death pathways through pronounced oxidative stress. While the activation of specific death pathways has been correlated with PDT efficiency and overall effect, the systematic coordination of oxidative stress across different cell death modalities to amplify therapeutic effects remains unexplored. Current research lacks systematic investigation into how oxidative stress coordinates multiple cell death pathways to amplify therapeutic outcomes of PDT.

α-Ketoglutarate alleviates the pathogenesis of lupus and inhibits the activation and differentiation of B cells by promoting the expression of CD39.

The abnormal activation and differentiation of B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a key metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases by regulating the immune response. However, the role of α-KG in the pathogenesis of SLE, as well as the activation and differentiation of B cells, remains unclear.

Predicting Visual Acuity after Retinal Vein Occlusion Anti-VEGF Treatment: Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model.

Accurate prediction of post-treatment visual acuity in macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME) is critical for optimizing anti-VEGF therapy and improving clinical outcomes. While machine learning (ML) has shown promise in ophthalmic prognostication, existing models often lack interpretability and clinical applicability for RVO management. This study developed and validated an interpretable ML model to predict visual acuity changes in RVO patients following anti-VEGF treatment.

Clathrin-Independent Carriers/Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored-Protein-Enriched Endosomal Compartment Endocytic Pathway Is Critical for Enterovirus A71 Entry Into Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma KB Cells.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, which can lead to further infections and spreads via the oral cavity; however, the mechanism of how EV-A71 infects the human oral cavity remains unclear. Screening and validation using small-interfering RNAs and chemical inhibitors showed that EV-A71 entry into human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells was independent of clathrin-, caveolin-, endophilin-, dynamin-, and macropinocytosis-mediated pathways. However, the clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-anchored-protein-enriched endosomal compartment (CLIC/GEEC) pathway is crucial for EV-A71 entry into KB cells and normal human oral epithelial cells (NHOEC), which requires the entire actin cytoskeleton and membrane cholesterol.

EXPRESS: Effect of insulin aspart combined with insulin detemir and metformin on islet function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This trial evaluated the effects of insulin aspart (IAsp) combined with insulin detemir and metformin on islet function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 96) were randomly divided into the control group and study group, 48 cases in each group, and treated with insulin detemir + metformin or insulin detemir + metformin + IAsp, respectively. Clinical effect was assessed, and blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin dosage, and blood glucose standard time were recorded.

Effect of insulin aspart combined with insulin detemir and metformin on islet function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This trial evaluated the effects of insulin aspart (IAsp) and insulin detemir and metformin on islet function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 96 T2DM patients were randomised into the control group (insulin detemir + metformin treatment) and the study group (insulin detemir + metformin + IAsp treatment), with 48 cases each. The study compared clinical outcomes, as well as changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-β, quality of life, and sleep quality scores before and after treatment.

Assessments of lung nodules by an artificial intelligence chatbot using longitudinal CT images.

Large language models have shown efficacy across multiple medical tasks. However, their value in the assessment of longitudinal follow-up computed tomography (CT) images of patients with lung nodules is unclear. In this study, we evaluate the ability of the latest generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-4o model to assess changes in malignancy probability, size, and features of lung nodules on longitudinal CT scans from 647 patients (547 from two local centers and 100 from a public dataset).

Electroacupuncture enhances the mitophagy of granulosa cells in premature ovarian insufficiency model mice by inactivating the hippo-yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with postsynaptic density protein, drosophila disc large tumor suppressor, and zonula occludens-1 protein binding motif pathway.

Objective: To investigate the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in alleviating premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and to provide a theoretical basis for EA treatment of POI.

Methods: For this purpose, a POI mice model was developed by injecting 12 mg/kg busulfan and 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally to induce POI. It was then proceeded by EA intervention at Guanyuan (CV4) acupoint on the second day following modeling.

Meta-coupler empowered dynamic wavefront control with on-chip polarization reconfiguration.

Metasurfaces consisting of subwavelength structures have shown unparalleled capability in light field manipulation. However, their functionalities are typically static after fabrication, limiting their practical applications. Though persistent efforts have led to dynamic wavefront control with various materials and mechanisms, most of them work in free space and require specialized materials or bulky configurations for external control.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviated atopic march by inhibiting the differentiation of type 2 helper T cells.

Background: The blood FGF21 expression has been previously suggested to increase in patients developing atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. However, its impact on atopic march is rarely analyzed. The present work focused on investigating the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21(FGF21) in atopic march mice and its underlying mechanisms.

A Mendelian randomization analysis of inflammatory skin disease risk due to mineral deficiencies.

Background: Mineral deficiencies, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se), play crucial roles in inflammation and immune responses and are linked to chronic inflammatory skin diseases. This study used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the genetic causality among serum levels of five minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Ca), three iron metabolism indicators (TSAT, TIBC, ferritin), and three chronic inflammatory skin diseases [psoriasis (PS), atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris (AV)].

Methods: Two-sample MR analyses using the "TwoSample MR" package in R were conducted with aggregate outcome data from the FinnGen database.

Long-term sheep grazing reduces fungal necromass carbon contribution to soil organic carbon in the desert steppe.

Grazing has been shown to impact the soil environment and microbial necromass carbon (MNC), which in turn regulates soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the carbon sequestration potential of fungi and bacteria under different stocking rates remains unclear, limiting our understanding of soil carbon sequestration in grazing management. In 2004, we established grazing experiments in the desert steppe of northern China with four stocking rates.

Long-term grazing reduces soil fungal network complexity but enhances plant-soil microbe network connectivity in a semi-arid grassland.

Grazing plays a significant role in shaping both aboveground vegetation and belowground microbial communities in arid and semi-arid grasslands, which in turn affects ecosystem functions and sustainability. Therefore, it was essential to implement effective grazing management practices to preserve ecological balance and support sustainable development in these delicate environments. To optimize the traditional continuous grazing policy, we conducted a 10-year seasonal grazing experiment with five treatments in a typical grassland in northern China: no grazing (NG), continuous summer grazing (CG), and three seasonal grazing treatments (G57 in May and July, G68 in June and August, and G79 in July and September).

Energy-splitting from persistent luminescence nanoparticles with trivalent Cr ions for ratiometric temperature sensing.

MgGaO (MGO) with the spinel structure exhibits abundance defects and could achieve the modulation of emission by ion doping as persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs). Here, we introduced Cr ions into MGO to achieve near-infrared (NIR) emission, and Pr ions to tune the lattice environment for enhanced NIR emission. The optimal composite, MgGaO: 0.

A Sensitive Fluorescence Analysis Method of Pathogenic Microorganisms Based on Silicon Photomultiplier.

The monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in water is important for public health and disease outbreaks prediction. Recently, optical detection techniques have drawn much attention due to the advantages of rapid response, security and high sensitivity. In this paper, a fluorescence spectrometer based on 375 nm exciting laser and the microchannel liquid sample flow technology is proposed.

The impact of prenatal mental health on birth outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Anhui, China.

Adverse birth outcomes remain challenging public health problems in China. Increasing evidence indicated that prenatal depression and anxiety are associated with adverse birth outcomes, highlighting the importance and severity of prenatal depression and anxiety in China. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to further exacerbate prenatal mental health problems and increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Effector MoSDT1 enhances Magnaporthe oryzae virulence and plays a dual role in regulating rice defense.

C2H2 zinc effectors are a class of pathogen proteins that play a dual role in plant-pathogen interactions, promoting pathogenicity and enhancing plant defense. In our previous research, we identified Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) as a C2H2 zinc effector that activates rice (Oryza sativa) defense when overexpressed in rice. However, its regulatory roles in pathogenicity and defense require further investigation.

Identification of Gene for Ginsenoside Rg1 Biosynthesis as Revealed by Combining Genome-Wide Association Study and Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis of Jilin Ginseng Core Collection.

Ginseng, an important medicinal plant, is characterized by its main active component, ginsenosides. Among more than 40 ginsenosides, Rg1 is one of the ginsenosides used for measuring the quality of ginseng. Therefore, the identification and characterization of genes for Rg1 biosynthesis are important to elucidate the molecular basis of Rg1 biosynthesis.

Unveiling the mechanism of photothermal therapy in acne man-agement: targeting sebaceous gland ferroptosis via umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell membrane-encapsulated Au-Ag-PDA.

Background: Branched gold and silver nanoparticles coated with polydopamine (Au-Ag-PDA) demonstrate high photothermal conversion efficiency. Utilizing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell membranes (MSCM) as an effective drug delivery system, our preliminary studies investigated the suppression of sebum secretion in sebaceous glands using MSCM-coated Au-Ag-PDA nano-particles (Au-Ag-PDA@MSCM) combined with 808 nm laser irradiation, showing potential for dermatological applications in acne treatment.

Methods: This study employs proteomic analysis, complemented by subsequent techniques such as Western blotting (WB), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and transmission electron microscopy, to further investigate the differential mechanisms by which Au-Ag-PDA and Au-Ag-PDA@MSCM-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) suppress sebum secretion.