Fluid biomarkers in familial frontotemporal dementia: progress and prospects.

Familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with various clinical manifestations, making it difficult to diagnose. There are three main gene mutations in familial FTD: repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (), microtubule-associated protein tau (), and progranulin (). These mutations can produce corresponding changes in fluid biomarkers years before symptoms appear.

Autonomous Signaling and Recording of Electrical and Photodegradation in Polymers.

Dielectric polymers are crucial to optoelectronic and spintronic devices. However, electrical stress and/or light irradiation significantly accelerate polymer degradation and can trigger catastrophic failures of many devices, especially in the presence of oxygen. The detection and early warning of these degradations remain challenging.

Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Links Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and H3K27 Acetylation to Maintain Glioblastoma Stem Cells.

Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit remarkable metabolic and epigenetic adaptability, contributing to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. The mechanisms underlying this plasticity represent potential targetable vulnerabilities to improve glioblastoma treatment. Here, we identified a critical metabolic-epigenetic axis centered on the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) that governs GSC survival and tumor initiation.

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste battery separators with limited removal of the AlO layer for selective aromatic hydrocarbons production over HZSM-5 catalyst.

Waste battery separators typically feature a "sandwich" structure made of plastic substrates and AlO layers, which are stable and difficult to degrade or recycle. To address this, a novel method was developed for the directional degradation and high-value conversion of waste plastics, combining alkaline pretreatment with catalytic pyrolysis, promoting the efficient and valuable recycling of waste battery separators. Specifically, alkaline washing was applied for the pretreatment of the AlO-layered separators to control the limited removal of the AlO layer.

Molecular mechanisms and targets underlying immune evasion by human cytomegalovirus.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latency in humans largely through the evolution of sophisticated immune evasion strategies that allow it to escape recognition and clearance by the host immune system. While significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying HCMV immune evasion, the precise regulation of host immune responses that enables viral persistence remains incompletely understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on HCMV immune evasion, with a particular emphasis on the functions of HCMV-encoded genes.

High pressure structural and lattice dynamics study of α-In2Se3.

Layered α-In2Se3 has been studied using a combined in situ synchrotron angle-dispersive powder x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study in a diamond anvil cell up to 60+ GPa, at room temperature. Helium, which remains fairly hydrostatic up to the highest pressure in this study, was used as the pressure-transmitting medium. The results from both experimental methods reveal a pressure-induced structural phase transition from α-In2Se3 to a monoclinic β'-In2Se3 structure at ≈1 GPa, in agreement with previous studies.

Research advancements and evaluation of multifactor-induced murine models for gastric cancer.

As one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, gastric cancer (GC) is often detected at an advanced stage, resulting in a poor prognosis and ranking it the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Due to their high genomic correlation with humans, mice are ideal in vivo models for investigating GC-related pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of different GC models, including genetically engineered, transplantation-based models, and chemically or biologically induced models, and discusses the recent advancements for each type, highlighting their unique contributions to the field.

PUF60-Regulated Isoform Switching of MAZ Modulates Gastric Cancer Cell Migration.

Background: As an essential transcription factor, Myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ) is frequently upregulated in many human tumors and is a well-documented oncogene. However, we found high expression of MAZ was closely associated with good survival outcomes in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and the underlying mechanism involved remains to be elucidated. We hypothesize that alternative splicing of MAZ plays an important role.

Magnetic COF on MOF heterojunction assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for 17β-estradiol analysis.

17β-estradiol (E2) is a crucial estrogen that significantly influences reproductive biological processes and the development of associated diseases, highlighting the need for effective detection methods. Here, we propose a magnetic hierarchical porous material (Mag MOF@COF-Apt) through the in situ growth of a TAPB-DMTP-COF layer on a magnetic Fe-MOF core for the selective recognition and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of E2. The Mag MOF@COF-Apt features the inherent SERS-enhancing properties of Mag MOFs.

Development and validation of a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging-based and machine learning model for the noninvasive differentiation of intracranial glioblastoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma and brain metastases: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Accurate preoperative identification of intracranial glioblastoma (GB), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and brain metastases (BM) is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy.

Purpose: We aimed to develop and validate the utility of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics and machine learning models for the noninvasive identification them. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

Associations of Accelerated Biological Aging With Dementia and the Mediation Role of Brain Structure: Findings From a Longitudinal Study.

Background And Objectives: The association between biological aging and dementia, as well as the underlying mechanism, remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of biological age (BA) with incident dementia and examine the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Methods: This study used data from the UK Biobank, a prospective longitudinal study.

The impact of prolonged high-concentration cortisol exposure on cognitive function and risk factors: Evidence from Cushing's disease patients.

Background: Prolonged high-concentration cortisol exposure may impair cognitive function, but its mechanisms and risk factors remain unclear in humans.

Objective: Using Cushing's disease patients as a model, this study explores these effects and develops a predictive model to aid in managing high-risk patients.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 107 Cushing's disease patients (January 2020-January 2024) at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital.

Signature of Topological Surface Bands in Altermagnetic Weyl Semimetal CrSb.

As a special type of collinear antiferromagnetism (AFM), altermagnetism has garnered significant research interest recently. Altermagnets exhibit broken parity-time symmetry and zero net magnetization, leading to substantial band splitting in the momentum space. Meanwhile, parity-time symmetry breaking is a prerequisite for nontrivial band topology in Weyl physics.

Ochratoxin A-induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and ferroptosis by promoting glycolysis.

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a toxic secondary metabolite recognized for its harmful effects on the kidneys, and it is commonly present in various foods and animal feeds. Although there have been few reports on the involvement of metabolic enzymes in OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and metabolic reprogramming in OTA-induced digestive tract toxicity, it remains unclear whether OTA's primary nephrotoxic effects are mediated through metabolic reprogramming. In this study, we examined the effects of OTA and/or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on cell viability, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactic acid (LA), as well as protein levels in human proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells.

Rapid and efficient nitrogen removal by a novel heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria Marinobacterium maritimum 5-JS in aquaculture wastewater: Performance and potential applications.

Efficient nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater is crucial for environmental sustainability. A novel strain, Marinobacterium maritimum 5-JS, exhibiting HN-AD capabilities, was isolated from a sea cucumber aquaculture pond. This strain demonstrated remarkable nitrogen removal efficiencies, achieving nearly 100% elimination of NH-N, NO-N and NO-N within 18 h.

Algorithm in chemistry: molecular logic gate-based data protection.

Data security is crucial for safeguarding the integrity, authenticity, and confidentiality of documents, currency, merchant labels, and other paper-based assets, which sequentially has a profound impact on personal privacy and even national security. High-security-level logic data protection paradigms are typically limited to software (digital circuits) and rarely applied to physical devices using stimuli-responsive materials (SRMs). The main reason is that most SRMs lack programmable and controllable switching behaviors.

NSUN2 promotes colorectal cancer progression and increases lapatinib sensitivity by enhancing CUL4B/ErbB-STAT3 signalling in a non-m5C manner.

NSUN2, a major methyltransferase that catalyzes m5C methylation in eukaryotes, is known to be implicated in the development of multiple cancers. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the related molecular mechanisms have yet to be sufficiently determined. Here, we conducted an analysis of public database (722 CRC patients) and two distinct cohorts from our centre (1559 CRC patients), which revealed that NSUN2 is upregulated in CRC and correlates with unfavourable prognosis.

An Opto-Iontronic Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Retina for Multimodal Circularly Polarized Neuromorphic Vision.

Circularly polarized light (CPL) is fundamental to phase-controlled imaging, quantum optics, and optical computing. Conventional CPL detection, relying on polarizers and quarter-wave plates, complicates device design and reduces sensitivity. Among emerging CPL detectors, organic field-effect transistors (OFET) with helical organic semiconductors are highly promising due to their compact structures but suffer tedious synthesis, low dissymmetric factors (g < 0.

Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein UL23 promotes gastric cancer immune evasion by facilitating PD-L1 transcription.

Immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown promise in treating tumors, however, its clinical benefits are limited to a subset of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Recent research has highlighted a the correlation between PD-L1 expression and the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been implicated in GC, but its specific role in modulating this disease remains elusive.

Retinal biomarkers for the risk of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

Purpose: Differentiating between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be challenging due to overlapping cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Evidence regarding non-invasive and early-stage biomarkers remains limited. Our aim was to identify retinal biomarkers for the risk of AD and FTD in populations without dementia and explore underlying brain structural mechanisms.

Galectin 9 rescues the inducibility of IL-10 expression in regulatory B cells of patients with food allergy.

The deregulation of immune responses is what causes food allergy (FA) to occur. FA's cause is still unknown. The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanism how the impaired production of IL-10 occurs in peripheral naive B cells of patients with FA.

The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism FokI and type 2 diabetic kidney disease and its molecular mechanism: a case control study.

Background: The role of the vitamin D receptor single nucleotide polymorphism FOKI (VDR-FOKI) (rs2228570) in genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetic kidney disease (T2DKD) remains uncertain. This study investigated the relationship between VDR-FOKI and T2DKD within the Chinese Plateau Han population and analyzed the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A total of 316 subjects were enrolled, including 44 healthy adults, 114 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 158 patients with T2DKD.

The contribution of cerebral small vessel disease in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Insights from a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and cerebral small vessel disease (CVSD) are age-related diseases, but their prevalence and clinical relationship are unclear.

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 95 patients with probable iNPH in China and evaluated their CSVD burden using magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between CSVD scores and clinical outcomes.