Impact of comprehensive tobacco control policies on stroke and acute myocardial infarction among patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Beijing, China: An interrupted time-series analysis.

Background And Aims: Tobacco control policies enhance cardiovascular health at the population level, but their effects on high-risk individuals, such as those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or hypertension, remain unclear. This study evaluated the association between a tobacco control policy and hospital admissions for stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hypertensive and T2DM individuals.

Design: Interrupted time series study.

Investigating the shared genetic architecture between adiposity measures and obesity-related cancers.

Fat distribution patterns are increasingly linked to obesity-related cancers; however, their shared genetic determinants remain unclear. To identify shared genetic architecture between adiposity measures and obesity-related cancers. Utilizing large-scale summary statistics from genome-wide association study, we conducted genome-wide cross trait analyses of nine adiposity measures [body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip (WTH) ratio, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI, arm fat ratio, trunk fat ratio, leg fat ratio, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, gluteofemoral adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue] in five obesity-related cancers (colorectal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer) to characterize their shared genetic architecture, biological pathways, and causal relationships.

Steric hindrance-engineered porous fluorescent films for ultrafast and ultrasensitive detection of nerve agent simulants.

Addressing the critical challenge of simultaneous high solid-state photoluminescence and efficient analyte mass transport for vapor sensors, a steric hindrance-engineered boron difluoride complex film, BODIQU-BuCZ, is reported for ultrasensitive detection of nerve agent simulant DCP. Strategic incorporation of bulky -butyl groups suppresses detrimental π-π stacking and creates a porous 3D network (38.76% free volume) for rapid mass transport.

The function of GPCRs in different bone cells.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as critical therapeutic targets in bone disorders, owing to their multifaceted regulatory roles across diverse bone cell lineages. This review systematically catalogs GPCR expression and functional heterogeneity in key bone cells: 12 GPCRs in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) orchestrate lineage specification; 21 GPCRs in osteoblasts/osteocytes mediate matrix mineralization and mechanotransduction; 23 GPCRs in macrophages/osteoclasts regulate inflammatory bone resorption; 31 GPCRs in chondrocytes govern endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis pathogenesis; and 8 GPCRs in other cell types modulate bone-related physiological processes. By integrating canonical signaling axes-cAMP/PKA-dependent transcriptional networks, PLC-β/IP3-driven calcium signaling, and NF-κB-modulated immuno-skeletal interactions-we elucidate how GPCRs dynamically coordinate cellular plasticity to maintain skeletal homeostasis.

Efficient surface reaction pathways in metal-free organic semiconductors for practical photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a versatile oxidant widely used in pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, and chemical manufacturing. However, conventional HO production relies on energy-intensive processes and costly metal-based catalysts, raising economic and environmental concerns. As a sustainable alternative, photocatalytic HO synthesis harnesses solar energy, water, and oxygen under mild conditions.

Amino acid intake, plasma metabolites, and incident type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic approach in prospective cohort studies.

Background: Amino acid (AA) intake is thought to be closely related to the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), although few prospective human studies have examined the association. The study prospectively examined inter-relationships among the intake of all 20 AAs, blood metabolome, and T2D incidence.

Methods: Prospective associations between 20 individual AA intake and T2D were examined among 201,113 participants from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and NHSII who did not have T2D, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline.

Sex hormone-binding globulin and sex-specific association between irritable bowel syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the sex-specific association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and further explore whether sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was an associated factor of the sex-specific association.

Methods: The study was a prospective analysis based on the UK biobank (UKB) data. We included 359 503 participants, all of whom were without diabetes diagnosis and had complete SHBG information at baseline.

Empirical dietary index for lower urate concentrations and risk of gout: evidence from cohort studies.

Background: High blood urate concentrations are a causal risk factor for the development of gout. There is no dietary pattern that specifically targets on lowering plasma urate concentrations or gout risk.

Objectives: This study aimed to derive a dietary pattern that predicts lower plasma urate concentrations and to examine this diet in relation to the risk of gout and related cardiometabolic conditions, including hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Abnormalities of Hippocampal Subfields in Individuals With Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Objective: To investigate alterations in hippocampal subfields in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) and explore their relationship with neurocognitive function.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven ACMP patients and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All ACMP patients underwent carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) assessment at admission and acquired MRI scans within 3 days post-exposure.

Proanthocyanidin-Conjugated NIR-ΙΙ Nano-Prodrugs for Reversing Drug Resistance in Photothermal Therapy.

Targeting and multidrug resistance are the significant problems of current antitumor drugs, and these problems become the key factors in the design of nanomedicine. Herein, Au NRs and OPC-Au NPs were prepared via the hydroquinone seedless growth method and proanthocyanidin (OPC) one-pot method, and then pH-GSH-near-infrared ΙΙ (NIR-ΙΙ)-responsive nano-prodrugs Au/DOX-ss LNRs and OPC-Au/DOX-ss LNPs were designed by the encapsulation of doxorubicin prodrug DOX-ss with Au-S affinity and thermal-sensitive liposomes. Interestingly, OPC endowed OPC-Au NPs with reducibility and excellent performance in terms of particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation rate, and drug loading rate.

Single-cell profiling of bone metastasis ecosystems from multiple cancer types reveals convergent and divergent mechanisms of bone colonization.

Bone is a common site for metastasis of solid cancers. The diversity of histological and molecular characteristics of bone metastases (BMs) remains poorly studied. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 42 BMs from eight cancer types, identifying three distinct ecosystem archetypes, each characterized by an enrichment of specific immune cells: macrophages/osteoclasts, regulatory/exhausted T cells, or monocytes.

One-Step Synthesis of Indoloquinoline Alkaloids via the Pd-Catalyzed Larock/Ligand-Accelerated C-H Activation Cascade Reaction.

Pd-catalyzed cascade annulation of 2-iodoanilines with ,3-diphenylpropiolamides was achieved, which afforded a series of indolo[2,3-]quinolinones with good yields and functional group compatibility. Previously, the retro-synthetic routine for the indolo[2,3-]quinolinone skeleton has often involved intramolecular disconnection of the C(sp)-C(sp) bond at variable positions, which necessitates the construction of an indole or quinoline reactant with multiple pre-set functionalities. Meanwhile, using the C-H activation strategy to construct indoloquinoline is limited to cases in which the reactant must be an indole bearing a nonremovable directing group.

Bacterial genome-wide association studies: exploring the genetic variation underlying bacterial phenotypes.

With the continuous advancements in high-throughput genome sequencing technologies and the development of innovative bioinformatics tools, bacterial genome-wide association studies (BGWAS) have emerged as a transformative approach for investigating the genetic variations underlying diverse bacterial phenotypes at the population genome level. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of BGWAS in elucidating genetic determinants of bacterial drug resistance, pathogenicity, host specificity, biofilm formation, and probiotic fermentation characteristics. We systematically summarize the BGWAS workflow, including study design, data analysis pipelines, and the bioinformatics software employed at various stages.

Microfluidic Biosensors: Enabling Advanced Disease Detection.

Microfluidic biosensors integrate microfluidic and biosensing technologies to achieve the miniaturization, integration, and automation of disease diagnosis, and show great potential for application in the fields of cancer liquid biopsy, pathogenic bacteria detection, and POCT. This paper reviews the recent advances related to microfluidic biosensors in the field of laboratory medicine, focusing on their applications in the above three areas. In cancer liquid biopsy, microfluidic biosensors facilitate the isolation, enrichment, and detection of tumor markers such as CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA, exosomes, and so on, providing support for early diagnosis, precise treatment, and prognostic assessment.

Environmental fate of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock farming.

As emerging environmental pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are prevalent in livestock farms and their surrounding environments. Although existing studies have focused on ARGs in specific environmental media, comprehensive research on ARGs within farming environments and their adjacent areas remains scarce. This review explores the sources, pollution status, and transmission pathways of ARGs from farms to the surrounding environment.

In-depth proteomic analysis of alfalfa silage inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum reveals protein transformation mechanisms and optimizes dietary nitrogen utilization.

Alfalfa is a vital feedstock for ruminants due to its high protein content. However, concerns regarding nitrogen (N) loss in alfalfa silage from protein transformation have arisen, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undefined. This study investigated the patterns of protein transformation in alfalfa during fermentation through multi-omics analysis.

Global prevalence and transmission of the mcr-9 in Salmonella: A genomic study with insights from Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson isolated from poultry food in China.

The plasmid-mediated mcr-9 gene has been widely detected in Salmonella across multiple countries and regions, raising significant concerns for food safety and public health. To investigate the transmission dynamics of mcr-9 in Salmonella, we conducted a comprehensive genomic epidemiological study and explored the potential mechanisms of mcr-9 transmission in poultry-derived S. Thompson in China.

Lignan Intake and Mortality Among Adults with Incident Type 2 Diabetes-Prospective Cohort Studies.

Background: Lignans are polyphenolic compounds abundant in plant-based foods such as seeds, whole grains, and certain fruits and vegetables and may lead to favorable metabolic health. It remains to be elucidated regarding the role of lignan consumption in the etiology of premature deaths among individuals with diabetes.

Objectives: To prospectively examine the association between postdiagnosis lignan intake and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

A review of the cicada genus Mata Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with description of one new species from China.

The cicada genus Mata Distant, 1906 was reviewed based on the description of one new species, Mata uncinulata sp. nov., from China.

LRJ-1 alleviates constipation through promoting gut -derived γ-aminobutyric acid production.

Multiple gastrointestinal disorders are associated with impaired gut microbiota. Probiotic can improve bowel disorder, however, the action mechanism is poorly understood. We integrated multi-omics data from the gut metagenome, metabolome, and colon transcriptome of constipated mice underlying LRJ-1 treatment to provide insights into host-microbial metabolic pathway.

Risk and attributable fraction estimation for the impact of exposure to compound drought and hot events on daily stroke admissions.

Background: The projection indicates that compound drought and hot events (CDHEs) will intensify, posing risks to cardiovascular health by potentially increasing stroke incidents. However, epidemiological evidence on this topic remains scarce. This study investigates the association between exposure to CDHEs and the risk of daily stroke admissions, specifically examining the effects on various stroke categories such as Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH), Ischemic Stroke (IS), Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), and other types of stroke.

[Single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese population].

Objective: To delve into the intricate relationship between common genetic variations across the entire genome and the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P).

Methods: Utilizing summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a thorough investigation to evaluate the impact of common variations on the genome were undertook. This involved assessing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability across the entire genome, as well as within specific genomic regions.

Association Between Extreme Heat and Outpatient Visits for Mental Disorders: A Time-Series Analysis in Guangzhou, China.

Previous evidence on heatwaves' impact on mental health outpatient visits is limited, especially uncertainty on how different heatwave definitions affect this relationship. In this time-series study, we assessed the association between heatwaves and outpatient visits for mental disorders in Guangzhou, China. Daily outpatient visits for mental disorders and its specific categories (schizophrenia, mood, and neurotic disorders) were sourced from the Urban Resident-based Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) and the Urban Employee-based Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) claims databases in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2014.