Effect of biochar derived at different pyrolysis temperatures on heavy metal speciation during sewage sludge anaerobic digestion process.

The effects of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (300-800 ℃) on the anaerobic digestion efficiency, chemical speciation distribution, and environmental risks of heavy metals in sewage sludge were investigated in this study. The results showed that the addition of biochar could keep the pH of the anaerobic digestion system stable at 7.43-7.

2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Reinforced MXene Fiber with Superior Capacitance Performance and Mechanical Strength.

MXene fibers, characterized by their high capacitance and conductivity, hold significant promise as electrode materials for wearable supercapacitors (SCs) in the field of textile electronics. Nevertheless, the inherent brittleness of pure MXene fibers stems from the dense stacking and weak interactions between the MXene flakes. This work presents a strategy to improve the mechanical robustness and electrochemical performance of MXene fibers through the incorporation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TO-CNFs) via a wet-spinning technique.

A conditional generative model to disentangle morphological variation from batch effects in model organism imaging studies.

Identifying organism-level phenotypic variation that arises from genetic variation is a longstanding problem in genetics. Model organisms such as zebrafish are frequently used for genotype to phenotype studies as they can be genetically manipulated, grown and phenotyped for morphological changes in a high throughput manner through automated systems and imaging. However, individuals from model organisms are typically grown in groups: clutches for zebrafish and frogs, and litter for rodents.

The value of intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics model constructed using multiple machine learning algorithms for non-mass breast cancer.

To investigate the diagnostic capability of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with intratumoral and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics models for non-massive breast cancer in dense breast backgrounds. Manual segmentation of ultrasound images was performed to define the intratumoral region of interest (ROI), and five peritumoral ROIs were generated by extending the contours by 1 to 5 mm. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted from these regions and filtered using statistical methods.

Poly(carboxybetaine) lipids enhance mRNA therapeutics efficacy and reduce their immunogenicity.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics are a promising strategy to combat diverse diseases. Traditional lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations for mRNA delivery contain poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), a polymer widely used in drug delivery carriers but that recently has been associated with efficacy and immunogenicity concerns. Here we report poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) lipids as surrogates for PEG-lipids used in mRNA formulations.

Ionic Liquid Modification of Acidic Dyes for Impermeable Inkjet Printing on Untreated Polyamide Fabrics.

This study introduces a novel approach to inkjet printing on untreated polyamide fabrics (Nylon-66), leveraging the power of ionic liquids to enhance acid dye performance. By replacing sodium ions in Acid Big Red G and Acid Carmine dyes with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), ink impermeability and dye-fiber bonding on nonpretreated fabric were improved significant on unpretested Nylon-66. The modified inks demonstrate reductions in line widths (24.

Identification of Novel Gene Variants in 143 Vietnamese Patients with Hemophilia B.

Purpose: Vietnam is estimated to have approximately 30,000 hemophilia B (HB) carriers, with hundreds of new cases registered annually. However, comprehensive molecular studies on HB remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize genetic variants and assess their clinical significance in unrelated Vietnamese patients with HB.

Transient Macrophage Depletion Circumvents Scavenging and Redirects Biodistribution of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticles.

The mononuclear phagocytic system is recognized as a major scavenger of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), clearing and redirecting these particles away from their intended targets and thus diminishing their delivery efficacy. Understanding the mechanism by which mRNA-LNPs interact with phagocytes and how this interaction affects the mRNA transfection is critical to enhancing the delivery of mRNA. In this study, we temporarily depleted both circulating and resident macrophages (MF) and evaluated the transfection efficiency and biodistribution of mRNA-LNPs.

SPARROW reveals microenvironment-zone-specific cell states in healthy and diseased tissues.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies have advanced our understanding of cellular characteristics within tissue contexts. However, current analytical tools often treat cell-type inference and cellular neighborhood identification as separate and hard clustering processes, limiting comparability across scales and samples. SPARROW addresses these challenges by jointly learning latent embeddings and soft clusterings of cell types and cellular organization.

Multilayered CWO/MXene/PANI-Coated Thermoplastic Expanded Microsphere Sponge for Enhanced Solar Desalination Efficiency.

Interfacial solar-driven evaporation (ISDE) is a promising method for addressing the global freshwater shortage. However, it remains challenging to develop an ISDE system that combines high evaporation rates, low cost, ease of processing, and self-floatability. In this study, we present a flexible, porous sponge photothermal material based on three-dimensional thermoplastic expanded microspheres (TEMs).

Biomimetic Design of Breathable 2D Photothermal Fabric with Three-Layered Structure for Efficient Four-Plane Evaporation of Seawater.

2D photothermal membranes have demonstrated numerous advantages in solar desalination due to their flexibility, scalability, and low cost. However, their practical applications are limited by the restricted evaporation area and obstructed vapor channels. A biomimetic design of the breathable 2D photothermal fabric is reported, which is composed of two carbon-nanotube-hydrogel-coated polyester (PET) fabrics separated by fiber pillars, with the upper fabric layer having a hole array as stomatal channels.

A novel DES-enhanced sodium alginate-based conductive organohydrogel fiber for high-performance wearable sensors.

Conductive organohydrogel fibers based on sodium alginate (SA) exhibit remarkable flexibility and electrical conductivity, making them ideal candidates for conformal skin adhesion and real-time monitoring of human activity signals. However, traditional conductive hydrogels often suffer from issues such as uneven distribution of conductive fillers, and achieving the integration of high mechanical strength, stretchability, and transparency using environmentally friendly methods remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel and sustainable strategy was developed to fabricate dual-network organohydrogel fibers using sodium alginate as the primary material.

Self-healing PVA/Chitosan/MXene triple network hydrogel for strain and temperature sensors.

Conductive hydrogels have attracted intensive attention for their promising applications in flexible electronics, sensors, and electronic skins. However, extremely poor adaptability under cold or dry environmental conditions along with inferior repairability seriously hinders the development of hydrogels in wearable electronics. Here, a triple network conductive hydrogel (PBCP-MXene) was prepared by proportionally mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), borax, chitosan (CS), phytic acid (PA), and MXene.

PVA/chitosan-based multifunctional hydrogels constructed through multi-bonding synergies and their application in flexible sensors.

Hydrogels have garnered significant interest as promising materials for flexible wearable devices. However, it remains a major challenge to develop multifunctional hydrogels. In this study, we prepared a multifunctional hydrogel based on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS), which is characterized by high strength, good electrical conductivity, and resistance to freezing and water retention.

Systemic inflammation and lymphocyte activation precede rheumatoid arthritis.

Some autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are preceded by a critical subclinical phase of disease activity. Proactive clinical management is hampered by a lack of biological understanding of this subclinical 'at-risk' state and the changes underlying disease development. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal multi-omics study of peripheral immunity in the autoantibody-positive at-risk for RA period, we identified systemic inflammation, proinflammatory-skewed B cells, expanded Tfh17-like cells, epigenetic bias in naive T cells, TNF+IL1B+ monocytes resembling a synovial macrophage population, and CD4 T cell transcriptional features resembling those suppressed by abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) in RA patients.

Controlling Circular RNA Encapsulation within Extracellular Vesicles for Gene Editing and Protein Replacement.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of vesicular bodies originating from cells, and EVs have been proven to have the potential to deliver different cargos, such as RNAs. However, conventional methods are not able to encapsulate long RNAs into EVs efficiently or may compromise the integrity of EVs. In this study, we have devised a strategy to encapsulate long circRNAs (>1000 nt) into EVs by harnessing the sorting mechanisms of cells.

Direct Printing of Disperse Dye Inks to Polyester Fabrics without Chemical Pretreatment.

Direct inkjet digital printing is a relatively green and environmentally friendly textile printing method with a wide range of applications in the textile printing and dyeing industry. However, pretreatment of the fabric is required before digital printing, which will generate certain energy consumption and wastewater. In this study, a digital direct inkjet printing method was developed to improve the printing accuracy of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics without any pretreatment.

Calcium enhanced the resistance against Phoma arachidicola by improving cell membrane stability and regulating reactive oxygen species metabolism in peanut.

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), a vital oil and food crop globally, is susceptible to web blotch which is a significant foliar disease caused by Phoma arachidicola Marasas Pauer&Boerema leading to substantial yield losses in peanut production. Calcium treatment has been found to enhance plant resistance against pathogens.

Results: This study investigates the impact of exogenous calcium on peanut resistance to web blotch and explores its mechanisms.

Enhancing bioretention efficiency for pollutant mitigation in stormwater runoff: Exploring ecosystem cycling dynamics amidst temporal variability.

In this study, three distinct bioretention setups incorporating fillers, plants, and earthworms were established to evaluate the operational efficiency under an ecosystem concept across varying time scales. The results revealed that under short-term operating conditions, extending the drying period led to a notable increase in the removal of NO-N, total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 5 %-7%, 4 %-12 %, and 5 %-10 %, respectively. Conversely, under long-time operating conditions, the introduction of plants resulted in a significant boost in COD removal by 10 %-20 %, while the inclusion of earthworms improved NH-N and NO-N removal, especially TP removal by 9 %-16 %.

A Single Component, Single Layer Flexile Foam Evaporator with the Higher Efficiency for Water Generation.

One of the greenest and promising ways to solve the problem of freshwater crisis is surface solar steam generation from seawater. A great number of photothermal materials with multi-component and multi-layered delicate yet complex structures often suffer from either low evaporation rate or high energy loss. Here, this work presents a single component foam evaporator with steam generation rate of up to 4.

Managing energy consumption by adapted energy performance contracting modes in rural China.

Energy performance contracting (EPC) as a market instrument has been effective in promoting energy efficiency worldwide, but it has encountered many insurmountable obstacles in rural energy management. In this study, based on the characteristics of energy management in rural areas, three EPC modes are designed and tested in 24,000 rural households. The test results show that two adapted EPC modes of local government involvement and energy payment directly from the national grid can effectively overcome the barriers encountered in the traditional EPC modes and work well under the economic and social environmental conditions in rural areas.

Sustainable Seawater Desalination and Energy Management: Mechanisms, Strategies, and the Way Forward.

Solar-driven desalination systems have been recognized as an effective technology to address the water crisis. Recently, evaporators prepared based on advanced manufacturing technologies have emerged as a promising tool in enhancing ocean energy utilization. In this review, we discussed the thermal conversion, energy flow, salt deposition mechanisms, and design strategies for solar-driven desalination systems, and explored how to improve the desalination performance and energy use efficiency of the systems through advanced manufacturing technologies.

Catalytic Asymmetric Reverse Prenylation of Indol-2-one Enabled a Synthesis of (-)-Debromoflustramine A.

A catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic reverse prenylation of indol-2-ones generated from 3-bromooxindoles with prenyltributylstannane promoted by Ni(II)/chiral -dioxide was developed. This reaction provides facile access to C3 reverse-prenylated oxindoles in good to excellent enantioselectivities, which enabled the asymmetric synthesis of debromoflustramine A in five steps.