A Systematic Survey of the Optimal Strategy for Dealing With Missing Binary Outcomes in Simulation Studies of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Aim: To summarize the optimal strategies for dealing with missing binary outcome data (MBOD) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as informed by simulation studies, and to summarize the quality of reporting in these studies.

Methods: To identify simulation studies comparing at least two strategies to deal with MBOD and evaluating their performance (bias, coverage and power), we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Ovid, Web of Science, and JSTOR from their inception up to December 20, 2023. We evaluated reporting quality using established criteria for simulation studies in medical statistics.

Medications for adults with type 2 diabetes: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide up-to-date evidence on key benefits, harms, and uncertainties regarding medications for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), using frequentist random effects and GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) approaches. Updates are planned at least two times a year.

A leave-one-out algorithm for contribution analysis in component network meta-analysis.

Background: Component network meta-analysis (CNMA) enables disentangling individual component effects from multicomponent treatments. However, no established methods exist to quantify the contribution of evidence from constituent comparisons to the disentangled component effect estimates in CNMA, hindering the interpretability of results.

Methods: We proposed a leave-one-out algorithm to address this gap.

Transformations of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone in soil under redox-driven conditions: Kinetics, product identification, and environmental implications.

The pervassive release of tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) introduces the tire additive 6PPD and its biologically active derivative, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), into the environment, with soil serving as the primary sink. However, at present their fate in soil is largely unknown. This study considered the transformation kinetics and products (TPs) of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q under different soil conditions.

Proteomic variation underlies the heterogeneous risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease for subsequent chronic diseases.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a heterogeneous condition. Whether and how the plasma proteome underlies the heterogeneous associations between MASLD and subsequent health outcomes remain unclear.

Methods: This study included 42 508 participants from the UK Biobank.

Safe Reuse of Treated Wastewater: Accumulation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Field-Grown Vegetables under Different Irrigation Schemes.

The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation alleviates freshwater (FW) scarcity while supporting a circular economy. However, the potential human exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) through plant accumulation is a significant barrier. Currently, knowledge on CEC contamination of edible produce and effective mitigation strategies for the safe reuse of TWW is limited, particularly under field conditions.

Bama pig is a suitable animal for studying laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

Objective: To assess the suitability of Bama pigs as a model for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) research.

Methods: Sixteen 8-month-old male Bama pigs underwent esophageal manometry to determine the precise anatomical positioning of the upper (UES) and lower esophageal sphincters (LES) relative to the incisor teeth, as well as their respective contraction intensities. The pigs were randomly allocated into three experimental groups (n = 6, 5, 5), with each group subjected to Dx PH-probe monitoring.

Time-varying cost-effectiveness analysis of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in Chinese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A microsimulation of the real-world population.

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed time-varying effects in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but corresponding cost-effectiveness in different timeframes remained poorly understood. This study estimated the time-varying cost-effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFrEF from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods: Based on real-world individual patient data, a 2-year microsimulation model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding SGLT2 inhibitors to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone among patients with HFrEF.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease with or without type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine cardiovascular and kidney benefits and harms of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors stratified by risk in adults with chronic kidney disease regardless of diabetes status.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central from database inception to 15 June 2024.

Imaging features of pediatric meningiomas: emphasis on unusual locations.

Purpose: This article aims to analyze pediatric meningioma's imaging characteristics, especially those in unusual locations.

Methods: Pediatric patients with pathologically confirmed meningiomas at our hospital from January 2010 to January 2024 were enrolled. Meningiomas located in the cerebral convexity, parasagittal falcine region, anterior skull base, middle skull base, sphenoid ridge, cerebellopontine angle (CPA), olfactory groove, or juxtasella were considered in usual locations.

Promotive Effects of Chloride and Sulfate on the Near-Complete Destruction of Perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) in Brine via Hydrogen-tuned 185-nm UV Photolysis: Mechanisms and Kinetics.

Hydrogen-tuned 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV/H) photolysis is an emerging technology to destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) in brine. This study discovered the promotive effects of two major brine anions, i.e.

Real-World Data on Pathological Response and Survival Outcomes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Low Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Data on the pathological responses and survival outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-low breast cancer (BC) are lacking. This study aims to investigate this topic in the real world.

Methods: Clinicopathological data from 819 HER2-negative BC patients who underwent NACT between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively retrieved from the Shanghai Jiaotong University Breast Cancer Database.

Alternating water sources to minimize contaminant accumulation in food plants from treated wastewater irrigation.

The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation is a critical measure in advancing sustainable water management and agricultural production. However, TWW irrigation in agriculture serves as a conduit to introduce many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into the soil-plant-food continuum, posing potential environmental and human health risks. Currently, there are few practical options to mitigate the potential risk while promoting the safe reuse of TWW.

A Novel Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Model for Bama Pigs.

Objective: To develop a novel Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LPRD) model in Bama pigs through endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy.

Methods: A total of eight 8-month-old Bama pigs were randomly assigned to either the control or surgery group. Prior to intervention, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) manometry and laryngopharyngeal Dx-pH monitoring were conducted to establish baseline physiological parameters for each pig.

Time-dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti-diabetic drug: A one-stage network meta-analysis.

Aims: To assess the time-dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti-diabetic drugs.

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to 18 November 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score-matched non-randomized studies (NRSs) comparing all anti-diabetic drugs with standard treatment or with each other on fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study performed a one-stage network meta-analysis using discrete-time hazard regression with reconstructed individual time-to-event data.

Methylation and Demethylation of Emerging Contaminants in Plants.

Many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have reactive functional groups and may readily undergo biotransformations, such as methylation and demethylation. These transformations have been reported to occur during human metabolism and wastewater treatment, leading to the propagation of CECs. When treated wastewater and biosolids are used in agriculture, CECs and their transformation products (TPs) are introduced into soil-plant systems.

Azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19: Emulation of a randomized target trial.

To examine the effectiveness of azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in treating hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. We emulated a target trial with a multicenter retrospective cohort of hospitalized adults with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 without contraindications for azvudine or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir between December 01, 2022 and January 19, 2023 (during the Omicron BA.5.

Sex-specific associations between skeletal muscle mass and incident diabetes: A population-based cohort study.

Aims: To investigate the sex-specific associations between predicted skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI) and incident type 2 diabetes in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of Chinese men and women.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled Chinese adults without diabetes at baseline from WATCH (West chinA adulT health CoHort), a large health check-up-based database. We calculated pSMI to estimate skeletal muscular mass, and measured blood glucose variables and assessed self-reported history to identify new-onset diabetes.

Breast cancer organoids and their applications for precision cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is garnering increasing attention as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BC); however, the application of precise immunotherapy in BC has not been fully studied. Further studies on BC immunotherapy have a growing demand for preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BC. However, the classic two-dimensional in vitro and animal in vivo models inadequately recapitulate the intricate TME of the original tumor.

Distribution of pyrethroid insecticides in urban storm drain structures: Catch basins, open channels, and outfalls.

Surface water runoff can transport contaminants offsite to downstream aquatic ecosystems. The prevalence of impervious surfaces in urban areas enhances surface runoff and contributes to contamination of urban surface streams. Urban areas have complex drainage systems for the conveyance of drainage water, however, there is a dearth of information on the distribution of contaminants within storm drain system structures.

Methylation and Demethylation of Emerging Contaminants Changed Bioaccumulation and Acute Toxicity in .

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the environment undergo various transformations, leading to the formation of transformation products (TPs) with a modified ecological risk potential. Although the environmental significance of TPs is increasingly recognized, there has been relatively little research to understand the influences of such transformations on subsequent ecotoxicological safety. In this study, we used four pairs of CECs and their methylated or demethylated derivatives as examples to characterize changes in bioaccumulation and acute toxicity in , as a result of methylation or demethylation.