Blood flow restriction training attenuates stroke-induced hippocampal ferroptosis, synaptic damage, and cognitive impairment via upregulating SIRT1 pathway.

Cognitive impairment is a common consequence of stroke that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has emerged as a potential method for enhancing cognition, though its mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis plays a critical role in post-stroke cognitive impairment, with silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a protein involved in ferroptosis regulation, being closely associated with this process in the central nervous system.

Symbiosis with and mimicry of corals were facilitated by immune gene loss and body remodeling in the pygmy seahorse.

A remarkable example of symbiosis involves the pygmy seahorse (). It lives obligatorily on gorgonian corals, mimicking their polyps with pink coloration and skin protuberances. Unique for seahorses, pygmy seahorses retain juvenile paedomorphic stunted snouts, resembling the coral's polyps.

Nonlinear focusing of atom clouds by a short-focal-length magnetic lens.

Utilizing the Stern-Gerlach effect, magnetic lenses are used to focus atom clouds, reducing their dimensions, and boosting the central cloud density. In this research, a theoretical model based on nonlinear Zeeman splitting in high-intensity magnetic fields is established to explore the nonlinear focusing of a tightly focused magnetic lens. The research concentrates on the motion and focusing of Rb atoms in various Zeeman substates within an atom fountain under pulsed magnetic fields and establishes a correlation between the field curvature and the effective focal length.

Construction of a program for physical simulation of cold atom interferometry.

Realistic and accurate simulations are crucial for developing quantum sensors such as cold atom gyroscopes, gravimeters, and gradiometers in the field of cold atom interferometers (CAIs). However, current simulations lack the necessary specifications for CAIs. In this study, we constructed a physical model for CAIs and designed a detailed simulation program, including the model construction, input and output parameter selection, program design, and computational acceleration.

Virtual screening and molecular mechanism of novel anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia peptides from Syngnathus schlegeli.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common degenerative urinary system among old men. The marine pipefish (Syngnathus schlegeli) exhibited potential reproductive health benefits. However, its mechanisms and active components in alleviating BPH remain unclear.

Narrow linewidth on-chip III-V/TFLT laser.

We report a narrow-linewidth laser based on thin-film lithium tantalate (TFLT). The laser is composed of an InP reflective semiconductor optical amplifier gain chip hybrid integrated with a TFLT waveguide external cavity cladded with a silicon oxide extended Bragg grating. The single-frequency laser device achieves an on-chip output power of approximately 26 mW and an intrinsic Lorentzian linewidth of ~94 Hz.

Experimental investigation of RF phase noise transfer in acousto-optic modulators for atom gravimeters.

Phase noise remains a critical limitation in enhancing the sensitivity of atom interferometric inertial sensors. While current analyses of phase noise predominantly focus on Raman laser beat frequency locking processes, a significant oversight persists in characterizing radio-frequency (RF) driving-induced phase noise during acousto-optic modulator (AOM) operation - a standard component used for frequency shifting and rapid switching in atomic interference systems. Through systematic experiments, we elucidate the transmission mechanisms of AOM RF phase noise in atomic gravimeters and quantify its impact using phase noise power spectral density analysis.

Transcriptome-based analysis reveals key molecular mechanisms and functional characterization of MaCAX3 gene involved in manganese stress responses in mulberry plants.

Background: Manganese (Mn) deficiency and toxicity are major constraints on crop production in soil. Plants have evolved cascade strategies and specific mechanisms to tolerate these stresses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of tolerance to Mn stress is crucial for improving the efficiency of conferring Mn tolerance and phytoremediation, which is intriguing for evolutionary research on plant adaptation to abiotic stresses.

Lauric Acid Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via GPR84: Lipid Metabolic Dysregulation as a Therapeutic Target.

Various studies have demonstrated metabolic disorders in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although their potential role in ESCC development remains unclear. Here, we investigated alterations in the serum and fecal metabolomes of 23 ESCC patients and 23 healthy controls using untargeted metabolomics. Further analysis identified lauric acid as a biomarker for ESCC through targeted metabolomics, with validation in 88 ESCC patients and 44 healthy controls.

MSA-Net: a multi-scale and adversarial learning network for segmenting bone metastases in low-resolution SPECT imaging.

Background: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) plays a crucial role in detecting bone metastases from lung cancer. However, its low spatial resolution and lesion similarity to benign structures present significant challenges for accurate segmentation, especially for lesions of varying sizes.

Methods: We propose a deep learning-based segmentation framework that integrates conditional adversarial learning with a multi-scale feature extraction generator.

Improving Distribution Prediction by Integrating Expert Range Maps and Opportunistic Occurrences: Evidence From Japanese Sea Cucumber.

In an era of biodiversity crisis, it is critical to perform biodiversity assessments to better inform conservation strategies. In this regard, species distribution models (SDMs) represent a widely used tool for biodiversity assessment. Despite their popularity, the accuracy of SDM predictions has long been criticized because we have incomplete or biased information on species distribution.

Biocrust effects on soil stability and hydrodynamic erosion in southern China's red soil.

Biocrusts are essential for regulating soil erosion and hydrologic processes. However, the response of biocrusts to soil aggregate stability, erosion processes and their hydrodynamic characteristic in eroded red soil remains underexplored. This study investigated the effects of biocrust cover (BC) on the erosion processes, flow hydrodynamics, and soil aggregate stability under varying rainfall intensities (RI).

The effect of vessel noise on behavior and physiology of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) under conditions with and without artificial lighting.

Anthropogenic disturbances have significantly transformed the ocean soundscape, with vessel noise being a primary factor that overlaps with fish hearing ranges, thereby substantially affecting marine life. Meanwhile, artificial light at night (ALAN) is an emerging stressor that can disrupt the natural rhythms of marine organisms. Despite extensive research on the individual impacts of noise and ALAN, marine organisms are often concurrently exposed to both stressors in natural environments.

A Promising Attenuated Rhabdovirus Vaccine Candidate Conferring Dual-Route Protection Against MSRV Disease in Largemouth Bass ().

Background/objectives: Largemouth bass rhabdovirus ( rhabdovirus, MSRV) disease causes high mortality in largemouth bass farming. Therefore, vaccine development is critical for largemouth bass prevention against MSRV.

Methods: An attenuated strain, denoted as MSRV-0509, was selected through intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenge assays, followed by plaque purification.

Prognostic value of post-neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy hypercoagulation in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery.

There is no standard treatment for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) is an emerging therapeutic strategy in LAGC. The prognosis of patients undergoing NICT plus radical surgery varies.

Chlorholones A-H, bioactive sesquiterpenoids with diverse skeletons from Chloranthus holostegius.

Eight previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids with different skeletons, designated as chlorholones A-H (1-8), including three noreudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (1-3, the first discovery of this type in the genus), one germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid (4), one acorane-type sesquiterpenoid (5), two cadinene-type sesquiterpenoids (6-7) and one guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid (8), together with eight known sesquiterpenoids (9-16), were identified from the whole plant of Chloranthus holostegius. A combination of spectral analysis, electron circular dichroism calculations, and X-ray crystallography were employed in the structural characterization. Among the isolated compounds, 10 exhibited notable anti-inflammatory activity, showing significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release in LPS-induced RAW 264.

Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: A case-control study in China.

Although prior studies have identified that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, the potential influence of PFASs exposure on unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) remains uncertain. Our case-control study aimed to explore the associations between PFASs and URSA, including 110 URSA cases and 91 controls from Beijing. Concentrations of 15 PFASs in serum were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).

Exercise Training Promotes Neural Remodeling and Vascular Regeneration in Cerebral Ischemic Rats Through the JNK/c-jun Signaling Pathway.

Exercise training can exert favorable effects on the remodeling of neural structures, functional reconstruction, and the recovery of neurovascular units after cerebral ischemia. It has also been documented to activate the JNK/c-jun pathway, which is involved in diverse cellular processes, including growth regulation, transformation, and programmed cell death. However, it remains obscure regarding the role of the JNK/c-jun pathway in the aforementioned exercise training-conferred neurological benefits.

Phase 1, open-label, multicenter, dose escalation safety and tolerability study of oncolytic virus OVV-01 in advanced solid tumors.

Background: OVV-01 is a genetically engineered vesicular stomatitis virus oncolytic virus designed to selectively amplify in tumor cells and express tumor-associated antigen NY-ESO-1. This study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of OVV-01 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods: This is a phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, multicenter study of OVV-01 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Research on the effects of inconsistent initial velocity of the atom clouds in atom gravity gradiometers.

The initial state of atom clouds significantly influences the performance of cold-atom inertial sensors, particularly for atom gravity gradiometers (AGGs), where the consistency of the initial state of two atom clouds greatly affects measurement performance. By analyzing the mechanism of polarization gradient cooling (PGC), we investigate its effect on the initial velocity consistency of atomic clouds. In the course of this study, we compare different PGC models and identify a model that has the least influence on initial velocity consistency.

Pockels laser directly driving ultrafast optical metrology.

The invention of the laser unleashed the potential of optical metrology, leading to numerous advancements in modern science and technology. This reliance on lasers, however, also introduces a bottleneck for precision optical metrology, as it requires sophisticated photonic infrastructure for precise laser-wave control, leading to limited metrology performance and significant system complexity. Here, we take a key step toward overcoming this challenge by demonstrating a Pockels laser with multifunctional capabilities that elevate optical metrology to a new level.

EIPA, A macropinocytosis blocking agent, inhibits Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus infection in vitro and in vivo.

Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) is a highly pathogenic virus that infects Siniperca chuatsi and causes cumulative mortality rates exceeding 90 % in fish fry. Until now, there have been no specific treatments for this virus. In this study, four different chemical inhibitors were evaluated for their ability to inhibit SCRV.

Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus Triggers Ferroptosis in CPB Cells to Enhance Virus Replication.

The role of ferroptosis-a novel iron-dependent programmed cell death pathway-in infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that ISKNV infection induces ferroptosis in CPB cells. Following ISKNV challenge, CPB cells exhibited hallmark morphological alterations including mitochondrial shrinkage, increased membrane density, and cristae reduction.