A new gut pathogenic bacteria and its metabolites promote colorectal cancer development and act as non-invasive early diagnostic biomarkers.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is strongly linked to colorectal cancer (CRC), but reliable early diagnostic markers remain elusive. This study investigates the role of a novel strain in CRC pathogenesis. Metabolomic analysis of CRC patient feces identified elevated agmatine levels.

The Liquid Crystal Monomer 3cH2B Affects the Visual System via Neural-Cell-Specific Retinoic Acid Disruption in the Optic Tectum.

As a newly recognized type of emerging contaminant, liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are widely distributed in the environment and human consumptions and their effects on visual systems and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the visual-neuro influence of 3cH2B (a frequently detected LCM) under environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish. The findings revealed that 40 μg/L 3cH2B induced visual behaviors after 40 days of exposure, which was accompanied by decreased retinoic acid (RA) levels and retinal structural deformation in the eyes.

Sludge-based iron-carbon composite mediators enhanced simultaneous utilization of anaerobic sludge and biogas slurry in anaerobic digestion coupled with microbial electrolysis cell.

To achieve the simultaneous recycling of biogas slurry and anaerobic sludge, the sludge was used to synthesize sludge-based iron-carbon composite mediators (SICM), which were applied to enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion coupled with microbial electrolysis cell (AD-MEC) for biogas slurry degradation. By comparing four preparation methods, it was found that SICM oxygen-containing functional groups and different valence states of iron in SICM played active roles in facilitating electron transfer. Fe@C-B had the best performance of biogas slurry degradation, achieving a COD removal rate of 86.

Inter-species and individualized biotransformation of five saponins by human being- and mouse-derived fecal microbiota.

Background: The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the biotransformation of saponins. However, current research predominantly focuses on metabolism by single microbial species, with limited investigation into inter-species differences or inter-individual variability in saponin biotransformation, especially by the culture of mixed gut microbiota. This study aims to elucidate the species-specific differences and inter-individual variability in gut microbiota-mediated saponin biotransformation through multidimensional analysis.

Safety Profile and Predictors of Adverse Events of Incadronate Disodium in Treating Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Bone metastasis is a common complication in advanced breast cancer. Bisphosphonates like incadronate disodium have shown potential in reducing bone resorption and skeletal-related events. We therefore performed a retrospective study to evaluate the safety profile of incadronate disodium in breast cancer patients with bone metastases.

Impact of disease progression avoidance by catheter ablation on clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation: Insights from the CABANA trial.

Background: Delaying disease progression by catheter ablation has been recognized in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF); however, its direct association with clinical outcome improvement remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of catheter ablation on reducing AF progression and associations with outcomes.

Methods: The Catheter Ablation vs Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA) trial compared the efficacy of catheter ablation with drug therapy in 2204 patients with AF.

Narrow linewidth on-chip III-V/TFLT laser.

We report a narrow-linewidth laser based on thin-film lithium tantalate (TFLT). The laser is composed of an InP reflective semiconductor optical amplifier gain chip hybrid integrated with a TFLT waveguide external cavity cladded with a silicon oxide extended Bragg grating. The single-frequency laser device achieves an on-chip output power of approximately 26 mW and an intrinsic Lorentzian linewidth of ~94 Hz.

"Molecular pigeon" network of lncRNA and miRNA: decoding metabolic reprogramming in patients with lung cancer.

In recent years, with the advancement of RNA analysis techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, noncoding RNAs have demonstrated substantial potential in regulating gene expression, encoding peptides and proteins, constructing the cellular microenvironment, and modulating cell function. They can serve as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for various diseases, offering novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment. Among them, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a principal component.

Targeting Mitochondrial Quality Control for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Precision Therapy.

Breast cancer is the leading threat to the health of women, with a rising global incidence linked to social and psychological factors. Among its subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks , , and expression, is highly heterogeneous with early metastasis and a poor prognosis, making it the most challenging subtype. Mounting evidence shows that the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Efficient and wavelength-tunable second-harmonic generation toward the green gap.

Achieving compact and efficient visible laser sources is crucial for a wide range of applications. However, traditional semiconductor laser technology faces difficulties in producing high-brightness green light, leaving a "green gap" in wavelength coverage. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) offers a promising alternative by converting near-infrared sources to visible wavelengths with high efficiency and spectral purity.

Data mining-based screening of prevalent mixture systems in aquatic environments: A case study of antibiotics in the Yangtze River Basin.

Chemical pollution in real-world environment often involves exposure to combinations of thousands of chemicals. However, due to the vast number of possible combinations, it is nearly impossible to conduct comprehensive mixture toxicity tests and risk assessments for all of them. This study applied frequent itemset mining, a technique traditionally used in market basket analysis, to develop a prevalent mixture system screening (PMSS) method for identifying combinations that frequently co-occur in the environment.

Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk: new mechanisms in the development of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a global public health concern and involves a complex pathogenesis characterized by lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses at the cellular and molecular levels. The crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, mediated by mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. As two key cellular organelles, the ER and mitochondria interact physically and functionally through MAMs, which serve as bridges between their close contact and interdependence.

Screening cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: A deep learning model based on retinal fundus photographs.

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a higher risk of cognitive impairment (CI). However, complexity of CI diagnosis and lack of simple screening approaches limited early screening and intervention of CI in AF patients.

Objective: Our study aimed to develop deep learning models based on fundus photographs for easy screening of CI in AF patients.

Pockels laser directly driving ultrafast optical metrology.

The invention of the laser unleashed the potential of optical metrology, leading to numerous advancements in modern science and technology. This reliance on lasers, however, also introduces a bottleneck for precision optical metrology, as it requires sophisticated photonic infrastructure for precise laser-wave control, leading to limited metrology performance and significant system complexity. Here, we take a key step toward overcoming this challenge by demonstrating a Pockels laser with multifunctional capabilities that elevate optical metrology to a new level.

Near-visible integrated soliton microcombs with detectable repetition rates.

Integrated soliton microcombs benefit a wide range of conventional comb applications through their compactness and scalability. And applications such as optical clocks and biosensing have driven interest in their operation at wavelengths approaching the visible band. However, increasing normal dispersion and optical loss at shorter wavelengths make short pulse operation at low pumping power challenging, especially for detectable-rate microcombs.

Outcomes and safety of repeated microvascular decompression for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) poses significant challenges for treatment, often necessitating repeated Microvascular Decompression (MVD). This study aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and prognostic factors associated with repeated MVD for recurrent TN at our institution. A retrospective review was conducted on 147 patients who underwent repeated MVD between September 2010 and September 2023.

Fully Endoscopic Microvascular Decompression for Neurovascular Compression Syndrome: Early Outcomes and Technical Note.

Background: Neurovascular compression syndromes (NVCSs) are a series of vascular compression diseases wherein there is usually entrapment or distortion of cranial nerves due to redundant or aberrant culprit vessels. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective treatment for NVCS. However, the global adoption of fully endoscopic MVD (E-MVD) remains limited.

Impact of atrial remodeling on efficacy of catheter ablation in reducing cardiovascular risk in atrial fibrillation: Results from CABANA trial.

Background: The efficacy of catheter ablation in reducing major adverse events in atrial fibrillation (AF) is still inconclusive, warranting identification of clinical markers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore whether the benefits of catheter ablation varied across different extents of atrial remodeling in the CABANA (Catheter Ablation vs Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation) trial.

Methods: The CABANA trial randomized 2204 participants with AF to catheter ablation or drug therapy.

Patterns of Postablation Recurrence and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Atrial arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is conventionally assessed as a binary end point. However, the prognostic value of recurrence patterns is less studied.

Methods And Results: This study included patients undergoing catheter ablation from the multicenter China Atrial Fibrillation Registry study (2011-2022).

Aged Gut Microbiota Contributes to Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Synapse Loss in Mice.

Gut microbiota alteration during the aging process serves as a causative factor for aging-related cognitive decline, which is characterized by the early hallmark, hippocampal synaptic loss. However, the impact and mechanistic role of gut microbiota in hippocampal synapse loss during aging remains unclear. Here, we observed that the fecal microbiota of naturally aged mice successfully transferred cognitive impairment and hippocampal synapse loss to young recipients.

Auto-focus scanning surface plasmon resonance microscopy.

Wide-field inspection, nano detection, and real-time observation are essential for investigating biomolecular interaction processes. Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) is a label-free, real-time, and nano-imaging method that is widely employed for the dynamic detection of nanoscale biomolecules. The field of view (FOV) of SPRM is limited by the usage of high NA objectives, and a scanning SPRM is required to obtain a large FOV.

Association between mental disorders and trigeminal neuralgia: a cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Clinical observational evidence suggests a close association between Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) and Mental disorders (MDs). However, the causal relationship between the two remains unclear. This study aims to observe and analyse the associations between depression, anxiety, insomnia, and TN through clinical research.

Cortical nonenhancing tumor infiltration: a predictive imaging biomarker for IDH-mutant glioma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cortical nonenhancing tumor infiltration (CONTIN) sign as a predictive imaging biomarker for IDH-mutant gliomas, including diffuse gliomas with and without contrast enhancement.

Methods: Imaging data were collected from patients with diffuse gliomas (grades 2-4) at Beijing Tiantan Hospital (BTH) from January 2019 to December 2021 (training set, n = 526) and from the University of California, San Francisco, preoperative diffuse glioma MRI dataset (UCSF PDGM; validation set, n = 501). Two independent reviewers assessed the CONTIN sign and other radiological features to develop a diagnostic strategy.

Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter From 1990 to 2021 in China: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Update.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) represent increasingly significant health burden globally. We aimed to systematically evaluate the status and trends of AF/AFL burden and attributable risk factors in China.

Methods: We assessed the burden of AF/AFL measured as prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by sex and age groups in China based on the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021 project.

New hopes and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) confined to the central nervous system. Most of the patients eventually develop relapsed/refractory (R/R) PCNSL, and the overall prognosis for PCNSL remains dismal. Recently, gene sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and single-cell sequencing platforms have provided a large amount of data revealing the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and drug resistance in PCNSL, including the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in tumor cells, tumor heterogeneity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.