Senescent Microglia Mediate Neuroinflammation-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Selective Elimination of Excitatory Synapses in the Hippocampal CA1.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been shown to exert an important effect on the progression of a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders. Prolonged exposure to detrimental stimuli leads to a state of progressive activation and aging-related features in microglia (also termed as senescent microglia). However, the mechanisms by which senescent microglia contribute to neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction remain to be elucidated.

Effect of perioperative autonomic nervous system imbalance on surgical outcomes: a systematic review.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis. Autonomic nervous system imbalance, characterised by sympathetic hyperactivation and low parasympathetic tone, can occur during the perioperative period. These changes drive systemic stress responses, cardiovascular instability, impaired tissue repair, and immunosuppression, which in turn increase infection risk, neurocognitive decline, and multiorgan dysfunction.

Environmental enrichment highlights mitochondrial inner membrane function as a therapeutic target for sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a prevalent and significant neurological complication that arises following sepsis, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to exert a neuroprotective effect through various mechanisms, including the promotion of neurogenesis, enhancement of neuroplasticity, and the inhibition of inflammatory processes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood.

Lidocaine as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Colorectal Cancer: A Study of Gene Expression and Prognosis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality globally. Despite the availability of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, these interventions are often accompanied by severe side effects and suboptimal patient outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that lidocaine, a widely used local anesthetic, may possess anti-tumor properties in various cancer types.

Application of deep learning-based facial pain recognition model for postoperative pain assessment.

Background: Postoperative pain is a common and complex issue that affects patients' recovery and the quality of healthcare. Traditional pain assessment methods-primarily based on self-reporting and clinical observation-are often inadequate, particularly for patients with communication impairments. Deep learning technology offers new opportunities for automatic pain assessment.

Association Between Pain and Frailty in Middle-Aged and Older Patients: The Mediating Roles of Sleep and Mood.

Purpose: Pain and frailty are significantly social concerns negatively affecting physical and mental health in middle-aged and older population. This study aimed to investigate the association between pain and frailty, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of sleep and mood.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 244 middle-aged and older participants in local hospital.

Decreased excitatory and increased inhibitory transmission in the hippocampal CA1 drive neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairments in mice.

Neuroinflammation is one of crucial pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. These diseases or conditions are often accompanied by typical clinical manifestations of cognitive impairments, including impaired learning and memory but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Hence, effective treatments are not available.

Association between intraoperative electroencephalograph complexity index and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: The primary method for predicting POD (postoperative confusion) relies on the analysis of clinical features. Brain activity complexity is a promising factor associated with the state of consciousness. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EEG (electroencephalography) complexity changes in predicting POD in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

STING Driving Synaptic Phagocytosis of Hippocampal Microglia/Macrophages Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice.

Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurologic complication in septic patients with poor prognoses. There is increasing evidence that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. However, whether sepsis associated with STING changes contributes to cognitive impairment is unknown.

Associations between oral frailty, oral microbiota composition, and postoperative delirium in older adult patients.

Background: Poor oral health, prevalent among the older adults, can undermine overall health and contribute to frailty. Older adults experiencing oral frailty and dysbiosis potentially face an elevated risk of postoperative delirium. This study aims to explore the influence of oral frailty and changes in oral microbiota composition on occurrence of postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Oxidative Stress-mediated Loss of Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons Contributes to Memory Precision Decline After Acute Sleep Deprivation.

Sleep is pivotal to memory consolidation, and sleep deprivation (SD) after learning can impede this process, leading to memory disorders. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on memory disorders and the underlying mechanisms. ASD model was induced by subjecting the mice to 6 h of SD following fear conditioning training.

Oxytocin attenuates neuroinflammation-induced anxiety through restoration of excitation and inhibition balance in the anterior cingulate cortex in mice.

Background: Accumulative evidence suggested that the oxytocin system plays a role in socio-emotional disorders, although its role in neuroinflammation-induced anxiety remains unclear.

Method: In the present study, anxiety-like behavior was induced in cohorts of animals through repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg, daily, Escherichia coli O55:B5) i.

Oxytocin ameliorates cognitive impairments by attenuating excitation/inhibition imbalance of neurotransmitters acting on parvalbumin interneurons in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of sepsis and induces alterations in brain neurotransmission, thereby contributing to the development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are pivotal contributors to cognitive processes and have been implicated in various central nervous system dysfunctions, including SAE. Oxytocin, known for its ability to augment the firing rate of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons and directly stimulate inhibitory interneurons to enhance the tonic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, has prompted an investigation into its potential therapeutic effects on cognitive dysfunction in SAE.

Plasma Aβ level alterations after sleep deprivation correspond to brain structural remodeling in medical night shift workers.

The relationship between brain structure alteration and metabolic product clearance after night shift work with total sleep deprivation (SD) remains unclear. Twenty-two intensive care unit staff on regularly rotating shift work were implemented with structural and diffusion MRI under both rest wakefulness (RW) and SD conditions. Peripheral blood samples were collected for the measurement of cerebral metabolites.

Acute and long-term cognitive impairment following sepsis: mechanism and prevention.

Introduction: Sepsis is a severe host response to infection, which induces both acute and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its high incidence following sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments are not available clinically.

Area Covered: This review focuses on elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following sepsis.

Analgesia quality index improves the quality of postoperative pain management: a retrospective observational study of 14,747 patients between 2014 and 2021.

Background: The application of artificial intelligence patient-controlled analgesia (AI-PCA) facilitates the remote monitoring of analgesia management, the implementation of mobile ward rounds, and the automatic recording of all types of key data in the clinical setting. However, it cannot quantify the quality of postoperative analgesia management. This study aimed to establish an index (analgesia quality index (AQI)) to re-monitor and re-evaluate the system, equipment, medical staff and degree of patient matching to quantify the quality of postoperative pain management through machine learning.