Branched-chain amino acids induce hyperammonemia via gut-liver axis-mediated ammonia overproduction in laying hens.

Gut microbiota not only biosynthesizes branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) but also catabolizes and utilizes them, while the effects of dietary BCAA supplementation on intestinal microbiota and metabolism remain largely elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary BCAA supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, gut microbiota and metabolism in laying hens. A total of 180 Fengda No.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction: a review of its association with extracardiac organ pathologies.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a high-risk factor for numerous cardiovascular events, and there is an increasing focus on the diagnosis and treatment of CMD itself or its association with cardiovascular diseases. However, some evidences suggest potential associations between CMD and multiple extracardiac pathologies, such as cerebrovascular, renal, pulmonary, retinal, hepatic, immune system diseases, and cancer. A shared pathological mechanism may underlie these connections, yet the relationship between CMD and other organs and systemic diseases remains unclear.

Stereo-seq V2: Spatial mapping of total RNA on FFPE sections with high resolution.

Performing total RNA profiling on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, the predominant sample conservation method in clinical practice, remains challenging for current spatial transcriptomics techniques. Here, we introduce Stereo-seq V2, which employs random primers to capture and sequence RNAs in situ on FFPE sections and provides single-cell resolution. The random-priming-based strategy offers unbiased transcript capturing and uniform gene body coverage, which increase the sensitivity to marker genes, the efficiency of non-polyadenylation (poly(A)) RNA profiling, and immune repertoire coverage.

Brain Network Analysis Reveals Age-Related Differences in Topological Reorganization During Vigilance Decline.

To mitigate the economic losses and safety risks caused by reduced alertness of individuals in the context of an aging workforce, mental fatigue among the elderly is an issue worthy of in-depth exploration. Despite convergent studies on cognitive aging, the differential alterations in brain network topology between the elderly and young individuals during vigilance decline remain unclear. Here, a prolonged 30-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) was employed to induce mental fatigue, where both behavioral performance and electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected from healthy elderly (n =30) and young participants (n =40).

Effects of ASMR on mental fatigue recovery revealed by EEG power and brain network analysis.

Introduction: Mental fatigue, resulting from prolonged cognitive tasks or sleep deprivation, significantly impacts safety and performance, particularly in high-risk environments. However, effective intervention methods are limited, highlighting the urgent need for new approaches to alleviate mental fatigue. This study explores the effectiveness of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) as a novel intervention for alleviating mental fatigue.

Construction of a prediction model for sarcopenic obesity based on machine learning.

Background: In the context of the rapidly aging global population, sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults is associated with significantly higher rates of disability and mortality. SO has become a serious and critical public health concern. This study aimed to develop and validate predictive models using machine learning (ML) to identify SO in patients.

Sodium butyrate attenuates lipid metabolism disorder via improving mitochondrial function and activating autophagy in LMH cells.

Hepatic steatosis is the main characteristic in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), sodium butyrate (NaB) has been shown to modulate hepatic metabolism, alleviate oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function. However, the effects of NaB on avian cellular models have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Leghorn male hepatocyte (LMH) cells, due to their immortal characteristics, provide a stable and reliable model for studying avian hepatocyte steatosis.

FBCPM: A Filter Bank Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling Framework for EEG Signals.

The human brain connectome has long been recognized as a crucial component for various cognitive functions. While connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) has been extensively explored for predicting behavior outcomes at the individual-level, its application to electroencephalogram (EEG) remains limited due to the inherent diversity and complexity of EEG frequency information. In the present work, we aim to address this issue by developing a filter bank CPM (FBCPM) framework that leverages narrowband EEG functional connectivity (FC) for individual prediction.

An mRNA expression atlas for the duck with public RNA-seq datasets.

Background: Ducks are globally important poultry species and a major source of farm animal products, including meat, eggs, and feathers. A thorough understanding of the functional genomic and transcriptomic sequences is crucial for improving production efficiency.

Result: This study constructed the largest duck mRNA expression atlas among all waterfowl species to date.

Gravitational distribution of regional intrapulmonary shunt assessed by EIT in ARDS.

Background: Regional ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch in intrapulmonary shunt in dependent regions has always been considered a hallmark of ARDS. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of shunt, and a clear definition has been lacking. The aim of the study was to propose two phenotypes for the spatial distribution of intrapulmonary shunt using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes in the two preset phenotypes.

Exploration and comparison of the effectiveness of swarm intelligence algorithm in early identification of cardiovascular disease.

Due to the aging of the global population and lifestyle changes, cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death worldwide, causing serious public health problems and economic pressures. Early and accurate prediction of cardiovascular disease is crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality, but traditional prediction methods often lack robustness. This study focuses on integrating swarm intelligence feature selection algorithms (including whale optimization algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, flower pollination algorithm, Harris hawk optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and genetic algorithm) with machine learning technology to improve the early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.

Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism profiles with coated sodium butyrate to ameliorate high-energy and low-protein diet-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in laying hens.

High energy diets are a risk factor for intestinal barrier damage. Butyrate, a major energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, has been shown to improve barrier dysfunction and modulate the gut microbiota. In this trial, we examined the preventative effect of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on high-energy and low-protein (HELP)-induced intestinal barrier injury in laying hens, and also worked to determine the underlying mechanisms by an integrative analysis of gut microbiota and the metabolome.

Integration of GWAS and transcriptomic analyses reveal candidate genes for duck gonadal development during puberty onset.

Background: Puberty onset signifies the beginning of sexual maturation and reproductive phase in poultry indeed, and plays an essential role in genetics and breeding. Studying gonadal development is one of the important approaches to exploring the genetic mechanism of puberty onset.

Result: In our study, the phenotype data of the testes and ovaries of the 120-day-old Nonghua duck showed a large coefficient of variation, indicating that their gonads were in different developmental states.

Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammals and Its Roles in Striated Muscles.

Throughout the course of evolution, organisms and cells have evolved a suite of mechanisms to manage persistent stimuli, thereby preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis. Upon detecting stress signals, cells activate a transcriptional response termed the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). This response is crucial for maintaining protein homeostasis, facilitating mitochondrial function recovery, promoting cell survival, and ultimately influencing lifespan.

Characterization and Evaluation of Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl Eggs Based on Physical Properties, Nutritive Values, and Flavor Profiles.

Taihe black-boned silky fowl (TS) is a native chicken breed in China with more than 2000 years of history. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the physical, nutritional, and flavor properties of TS eggs with a comparison to two other commercial breeds. Eggs from TS ( = 60) crossbred black-boned silky fowl (CB, = 60) and Hy-line Brown (HL, = 60) were used for physicochemical analysis.

Peripheral perfusion index of pulse oximetry in adult patients: a narrative review.

The peripheral perfusion index (PI) is derived from pulse oximetry and is defined as the ratio of the pulse wave of the pulsatile portion (arteries) to the non-pulsatile portion (venous and other tissues). A growing number of clinical studies have supported the use of PI in various clinical scenarios, such as guiding hemodynamic management and serving as an indicator of outcome and organ function. In this review, we will introduce and discuss this traditional but neglected indicator of the peripheral microcirculatory perfusion.

Genome-wide association study reveals the candidate genes of humerus quality in laying duck.

Bone plays a crucial role in poultry's health and production. However, during the selection and cage farming, there has been a decline in bone quality. As the development of breeding theory, researchers find that it's possible to enhance bone quality through selective breeding.

Genome-wide characterization and comparison of endogenous retroviruses among 3 duck reference genomes.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are viral genomes integrated into the host genome and can be stably inherited. Although ERV sequences have been reported in some avian species' genome, the duck endogenous retroviruses (DERV) genome has yet to be quantified. This study aimed to identify ERV sequences and characterize genes near ERVs in the duck genome by utilizing LTRhavest and LTRdigest tools to forecast the duck genome and analyze the distribution of ERV copies.

Elucidation of the mechanism of Zhenbao pills for the treatment of spinal cord injury by network pharmacology and molecular docking: A review.

To explore the mechanism of the Zhenbao pill (ZBP) in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). The TCMSP Database, HERB Database and literature search were used to screen the effective ingredients and targets of ZBP; SCI-related genes were searched in GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD and DrugBank databases; the potential targets of ZBP for treating SCI were predicted and Venn diagrams were drawn, and the "herb-ingredient-target" network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The PPI network was constructed by STRING software, and the core targets were screened by cytoNCA plug-in; GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed on the predicted targets using the DAVID Platform, and visualized with the Microbiology Network Platform.

Migratory Pulmonary Infiltrates in a B-Cell-Depleted COVID-19 Patient.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still rampant around the world. Immunocompromised patients are prone to have long-term infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is difficult to decide on an appropriate treatment for persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Task Cortical Connectivity Reveals Different Network Reorganizations between Mild Stroke Patients with Cortical and Subcortical Lesions.

Accumulating efforts have been made to investigate cognitive impairment in stroke patients, but little has been focused on mild stroke. Research on the impact of mild stroke and different lesion locations on cognitive impairment is still limited. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in mild stroke at different lesion locations, electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded in three groups (40 patients with cortical stroke (CS), 40 patients with subcortical stroke (SS), and 40 healthy controls (HC)) during a visual oddball task.

Brain network analysis reveals convergent and divergent aberrations between mild stroke patients with cortical and subcortical infarcts during cognitive task performing.

Although consistent evidence has revealed that cognitive impairment is a common sequela in patients with mild stroke, few studies have focused on it, nor the impact of lesion location on cognitive function. Evidence on the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of mild stroke and lesion location on cognitive function is limited. This prompted us to conduct a comprehensive and quantitative study of functional brain network properties in mild stroke patients with different lesion locations.

Decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries among Chinese adults: findings from the 4th national oral health survey.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries among adults (35 years and older) in China and explore the contributions of various factors to these inequalities.

Methods: This study included 10,983 adults (3,674 aged 35-44 years, 3,769 aged 55-64 years and 3,540 aged 65-74 years) who participated in the 4th National Oral Health Survey (2015-2016) in China. Dental caries status was evaluated by the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index.