FBCPM: A Filter Bank Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling Framework for EEG Signals.

The human brain connectome has long been recognized as a crucial component for various cognitive functions. While connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) has been extensively explored for predicting behavior outcomes at the individual-level, its application to electroencephalogram (EEG) remains limited due to the inherent diversity and complexity of EEG frequency information. In the present work, we aim to address this issue by developing a filter bank CPM (FBCPM) framework that leverages narrowband EEG functional connectivity (FC) for individual prediction. Four independent datasets comprising 280 healthy subjects with 392 EEG recordings during the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), were adopted here. Using the discovery dataset (i.e., Dataset 1) with 137 recordings, the feasibility of FBCPM was evaluated via predicting mean reaction time (RT) measures within a 15-min PVT task. The results showed that FBCPM framework achieved notable prediction accuracy and outperformed four benchmark approaches. Subsequent comprehensive internal and external validation analyses further affirmed its robustness across various hyper-parameters and generalizability to another three independent datasets (i.e., Dataset 2 to Dataset 4) with divergent recording or preprocessing settings. Moreover, the FBCPM framework exhibited satisfactory performance when generalized to time-on-task (TOT) effect measures (i.e., $\mathit {\Delta RT}$ and $\mathit {TOT_{slope}}$). Further investigation of contributing features to mean RT prediction indicated the remarkable predictive ability of negative features, manifesting as a pattern of low-frequency (below 8 Hz) predominance and complex topological distributions. Overall, these findings indicated that FBCPM provided a significant methodological advance in EEG-based individual prediction approaches, moving a step forward towards practical application in cognitive neuroscience.