The protective role of Astragaloside IV in adriamycin-induced renal injury: A focus on macrophage polarization and PPARγ activation.

Astragali Radix (AR), a homologous of medicine and food, has been extensively recorded to possess a nephroprotective impact on individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is one of the prominent bioactive constituents derived from AR. This study aimed to investigate how ASIV promotes M2 polarization of macrophages and whether this contributes to the protection of podocytes from injury, using a combination of lipidomics and molecular biology techniques.

Sign language recognition based on dual-channel star-attention convolutional neural network.

To enhance effective communication between individuals with hearing impairments and those without, numerous researchers have developed a variety of sign language recognition technologies. However, in practical applications, sign language recognition devices must balance portability, energy consumption, cost, and user comfort, while vision-based sign language recognition must confront the challenge of model stability. Addressing these challenges, this study proposes an economical and stable dual-channel star-attention convolutional neural network (SACNN) deep learning network model based on computer vision technology.

Single-Molecule Conductance through Hybrid Radially and Linearly π-Conjugated Macromolecules Reveals an Unusual Intramolecular π-Interaction.

We describe the design, synthesis, and single-molecule junction conductance of π-electron molecules bearing both radial and linear π-conjugation pathways, whereby cycloparaphenylene (CPP) radial cores are π-extended linearly with aryl alkyne substituents as models for previously reported CPP-arylene ethynylene conjugated polymers. Although radially and linearly conjugated molecules have been studied previously in isolation as junction-bridging molecular electronic units, this is the first study to examine molecules where both topologies are operative. Our results reveal that the presence of radial CPP components within the junction-spanning pathway leads to a reduction in the conductance of the backbone compared to model linear phenyl substituents.

Proteomic elucidation of the photocatalytic inactivation mechanism for Karenia mikimotoi using bismuth oxide-copper metal-organic frameworks functionalized melamine sponge (MS/BiO@Cu-MOF).

The challenge of recovering conventional photocatalysts has been addressed by the development of floating variants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing the photocatalytic inactivation of hazardous algae remain poorly understood. This study employed a floating photocatalyst, melamine sponge-loaded bismuth trioxide coupled copper metal-organic framework (MS/BiO@Cu-MOF), to efficiently inactivate a representative marine toxic alga, Karenia mikimotoi (K.

CTHRC1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating VEGF expression and validation of MRI images.

BackgroundThe invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are closely associated with angiogenesis, positioning anti-angiogenic strategies as a promising approach for cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the role of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) in regulating angiogenesis in HCC.MethodsRelevant bioinformatics analysis was conducted by retrieving publicly available datasets of HCC patients to identify genes exhibiting significant expression patterns linked to vascular invasion.

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with expanded area retinal photocoagulation for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with inferior breaks.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with expanded-area retinal photocoagulation for the treatment of primary retinal detachment with inferior breaks.

Methods: Eighteen patients (18 eyes) with primary retinal detachment due to inferior breaks, treated at our institute between January 2020 and October 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV combined with expanded-area retinal photocoagulation.

Environmental moderators of tic severity and quality of life in children with tic disorders.

Unlabelled: Tic disorders (TD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that can significantly impact on patients' quality of life. Growing evidence suggests that environmental factors play an important role in the development of children with TD. This study aims to investigate the effect of physical activity, academic achievement, peer relationships, and parent-child reading on the severity of tics and quality of life in children with TD.

White matter microstructural alterations and brain metabolism distributions in Parkinson's disease.

This study aimed to use simultaneous F-FDG PET/MRI based on Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ) to determine whether there is a relationship between white matter microstructure changes and glucose metabolism distribution in PD. The study involved 38 subjects, including 23 parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 15 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Primary clinical data and cognitive assessments were collected.

The role of deep hyperthermia in IMRT in elderly patients with esophageal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of deep hyperthermia in elderly patients with esophageal cancer(EC) who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT).

Patients And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 177 elderly patients with EC who underwent IMRT between 2017 and 2023, 42 of whom had combined deep hyperthermia (HT). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the covariates between the thermoradiotherapy (HTRT) group and IMRT-alone groups.

Characterization of the glymphatic system and early-phase β-amyloid imaging in Alzheimer's disease: A simultaneous PET/MR study.

Early-phase Aβ imaging can detect cerebral perfusion deficits, while glymphatic dysfunction is a key event in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their relationship within the AD continuum remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the glymphatic system (diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space, DTI-ALPS) and early-phase Aβ imaging in cognitive impairment using simultaneous PET/MR in healthy control (HC), Prodromal AD (PAD), and AD.

Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate Treated with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Blueberry Growth and Soil Quality.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible fungi. It is produced in large quantities and contains abundant nutrients. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of plant-associated microorganisms known for their ability to enhance plant growth, improve disease resistance, and boost soil quality.

Fabrication and stability of Pickering nanoemulsion stabilized by self-aggregated chitosan nanoparticles.

The fabrication of Pickering nanoemulsions, specifically food-grade ones, is challenging due to the limited availability of particles with appropriate amphiphilic wettability and sufficiently small particle size. Chitosan nanoparticles offer a promising solution due to their adjustable size and amphiphilic properties. The study investigated the effects of pH, oil phase volume fraction, chitosan concentration, and ultrasonic intensity on the formation of chitosan Pickering nanoemulsions.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue [F]FDG uptake and CT-derived body composition variables for predicting survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of glucose metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) variables on overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 110 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent baseline [F]FDG PET/CT. Demographic, clinical, and survival data were collected.

Development of GluN2A NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulators: Recent advances and perspectives.

N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, functioning as glutamate-gated ion channels, mediate the permeation of Ca and are essential for excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity within the central nervous system (CNS). During brain development, there is a switch from an early dominance of GluN2B subunit expression to the incorporation of GluN2A subunits at mature synapses. NMDARs hypofunction is implicated in various psychiatric disorders, and activation of NMDARs containing GluN2A has recently attracted attention as a promising therapeutic approach for treating these diseases.

growth of layered 1T-MoS onto carbon nanofibers as a strategy towards advanced hybrid materials for electrochemical energy storage and catalysis.

Supercapacitors for electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are pivotal in addressing global energy challenges. However, their widespread use is hindered by the limitations of the currently available functional materials. This study explores the hydrothermal growth of 1T-phase MoS directly onto the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), forming 3D hierarchical nanostructures with potential for both supercapacitor and HER applications.

Single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal the evolution of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma and identify G6PD as a potential therapeutic target.

Background: Glucose metabolism reprogramming provides significant insights into the development and progression of malignant tumors. This study aims to explore the temporal-spatial evolution of the glucose metabolism in HCC using single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics (ST), and validates G6PD as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Methods: We collected single-cell sequencing data from 7 HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from the GSE149614 database, and ST data from 4 HCC tissues from the HRA000437 database.

Multiparametric analysis based on F-AV133 PET/MR imaging for clinical application in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and abnormal iron deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) are key pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the relationship between iron deposition in specific CNS regions and striatal dysfunction using F-AV133 PET/MR imaging.

Methods: Based on the Hoehn-Yahr stage, 24 patients with early-stage PD (EPD, stage ≤ 2.

Preclinical Evaluation and First-in-Human Study of [Ga]Ga-αvβ6-2: A Novel Dimeric Integrin αvβ6-Targeted PET Probe for Pancreatic Cancer Imaging.

Integrin αvβ6 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, making it an ideal target for molecular imaging diagnosis. Multimerization is considered an effective strategy to increase the accumulation of molecular probes in tumors. Here, we synthesized monomeric and dimeric αvβ6-targeting molecular probes, labeled with Ga, and designated them [Ga]Ga-αvβ6-1 and [Ga]Ga-αvβ6-2, respectively.

Quantification of Intratumoral Heterogeneity Based on Habitat Analysis for Preoperative Assessment of Lymphovascular Invasion in Colorectal Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: Preoperative knowledge of the status of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients can provide valuable information for choosing appropriate treatment strategies. This study aimed to explore the value of heterogeneity features derived from the habitat analysis of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images in predicting LVI.

Materials And Methods: Pretreatment F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) images from 177 patients diagnosed with CRC were retrospectively obtained (training cohort, n=106; validation cohort, n=71).

Metabolomic profiling of adenine-induced CKD: pathway interconnections and kidney injury.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is acknowledged as one of the largest public health problems in the world, characterized by a complex and diverse pathogenesis. Adenine-induced CKD, a classical model with multiple injury mechanisms, has been extensively employed in CKD research. However, the complete elucidation of the mechanisms underlying adenine-induced CKD remains elusive.

Intratumoral injection of R848 and poly(I:C) synergistically promoted antitumor immune responses by reprogramming macrophage polarization and activating DCs in lung cancer.

Introduction: Immunotherapy has rapidly become a primary treatment option for many lung cancer patients because of its success in treating this prevalent and deadly disease. However, the success of immunotherapy relies on overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, making remodeling this environment a potential strategy for lung cancer therapy. Research suggests that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can impede tumor growth by promoting the conversion of tumor-associated macrophages into an M1-like state or enhancing dendritic cell development.

Plastics matter in the food system.

Agriculture and food systems are major sources of plastic pollution but they are also vulnerable to their diverse lifecycle impacts. However, this problem is not well-recognized in global policy and scientific discourse, agendas, and monitoring of food systems. The United Nations-led Global Plastics Treaty, which has been under negotiation since 2022, is a critical opportunity to address pollution across the entire plastics lifecycle for more sustainable and resilient food systems.

Molecular characterization of a novel non-segmented double-stranded RNA mycovirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae.

In this study, we isolated a novel mycovirus from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae strain YY-1, which we named "Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae mycovirus 1" (LpMyV1). The complete genome of LpMyV1 is 2877 bp in length and contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). ORF1 encodes a putative protein of 316 amino acids with a molecular weight of 34.

Analysis of early risk factors of death in preterm infants treated with iNO: a national multicentre retrospective study.

Objective: To analyse early risk factors for mortality in preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in China.

Design: A retrospective observational case-control study.

Setting: 8 tertiary hospitals in 5 regions of China.