Glucose restriction induces degeneration of neurons with mitochondrial DNA depletion by altering ER-mitochondria calcium transfer.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and/or depletion are implicated in epilepsy and many neurodegenerative diseases. However, systematic investigation into how mtDNA alterations relate to epilepsy and neural degeneration is needed. Here, we established a mouse model in which mtDNA depletion is induced by the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) protein UL12.

Development of the two-stage SCR control strategy to satisfy ultra-low NO emission regulation for heavy-duty diesel engine.

The emission regulations for heavy-duty diesel engines regarding nitrogen oxide (NO) are becoming increasingly stringent, particularly in relation to cold start cycles. While the two-stage selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has the potential to achieve ultra-low NO emissions, several challenges remain, including the accurate prediction of ammonia (NH) storage mass and the co-control of the two-stage SCR. The first step in this study involved the establishment of a rapid control prototype platform to facilitate the development and validation of a two-stage SCR control strategy.

Perinuclear mitochondrial clustering for mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in pluripotency induction.

Remodeled mitochondria are characteristic of pluripotent stem cells. However, a role for mitochondrial movement and distribution in pluripotency remains unknown. Here, we show that mitochondrial retrograde transport-mediated perinuclear clustering via dynein complex occurs at the early phase of pluripotency induction.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response inhibits pluripotency acquisition and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in somatic cell reprogramming.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR), a mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde pathway that promotes the maintenance of mitochondrial function in response to stress, plays an important role in promoting lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, its role in mammals, including its contributions to development or cell fate decisions, remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that transient UPR activation occurs during somatic reprogramming in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Cognition in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive impairment. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance among middle-aged patients with OSA and normal cognition remain unclear. To investigate the effects of CPAP therapy over 12 months on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance.

Transthyretin, a novel prognostic marker of POCD revealed by time-series RNA-sequencing analysis.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is defined as a declined cognition, measured by neuropsychological tests, that persists for months or even longer after surgery. Heterogeneities in the diagnosis of POCD usually involve differences in the test batteries, the cutoffs, and the timing of assessments. Although peripheral and CSF markers of neuroinflammation have been shown to correlate with increased risk of POCD, most of them are non-specific and cannot be used for POCD diagnosis.

A selective frequency damping and Janus adhesive hydrogel as bioelectronic interfaces for clinical trials.

Maintaining stillness is essential for accurate bioelectrical signal acquisition, but dynamic noise from breathing remains unavoidable. Isotropic adhesives are often used as bioelectronic interfaces to ensure signal fidelity, but they can leave irreversible residues, compromising device accuracy. We propose a hydrogel with selective frequency damping and asymmetric adhesion as a bioelectronic interface.

Dysregulated expression of miR-140 and miR-122 compromised microglial chemotaxis and led to reduced restriction of AD pathology.

Background: Deposition of amyloid β, which is produced by amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretase, is one of the primary hallmarks of AD pathology. APP can also be processed by α- and γ-secretase sequentially, to generate sAPPα, which has been shown to be neuroprotective by promoting neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival, etc. METHODS: The global expression profiles of miRNA in blood plasma samples taken from 11 AD patients as well as from 14 age and sex matched cognitively normal volunteers were analyzed using miRNA-seq.

Cellular and Molecular Insights into the Divergence of Neural Stem Cells on Matrigel and Poly-l-lysine Interfaces.

Poly-l-lysine (PLL) and Matrigel, both classical coating materials for culture substrates in neural stem cell (NSC) research, present distinct interfaces whose effect on NSC behavior at cellular and molecular levels remains ambiguous. Our investigation reveals intriguing disparities: although both PLL and Matrigel interfaces are hydrophilic and feature amine functional groups, Matrigel stands out with lower stiffness and higher roughness. Based on this diversity, Matrigel surpasses PLL, driving NSC adhesion, migration, and proliferation.

Air-Working Electrochromic Artificial Muscles.

Artificial muscles are indispensable components for next-generation robotics to mimic the sophisticated movements of living systems and provide higher output energies when compared with real muscles. However, artificial muscles actuated by electrochemical ion injection have problems with single actuation properties and difficulties in stable operation in air. Here, air-working electrochromic artificial muscles (EAMs) with both color-changing and actuation functions are reported, which are constructed based on vanadium pentoxide nanowires and carbon tube yarn.

Surface Functional Modification by Ti C T MXene on PLLA Nanofibers for Optimizing Neural Stem Cell Engineering.

Optimizing cell substrates by surface modification of neural stem cells (NSCs), for efficient and oriented neurogenesis, represents a promising strategy for treating neurological diseases. However, developing substrates with the advanced surface functionality, conductivity, and biocompatibility required for practical application is still challenging. Here, Ti C T MXene is introduced as a coating nanomaterial for aligned poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers (M-ANF) to enhance NSC neurogenesis and simultaneously tailor the cell growth direction.

Toward nanotechnology-enabled application of bilirubin in the treatment and diagnosis of various civilization diseases.

Bilirubin, an open chain tetrapyrrole, has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-suppressive, metabolic-modulating and anti-proliferative activities. Bilirubin is a natural molecule that is produced and metabolized within the human body, making it highly biocompatible and well suited for clinical use. However, the use of bilirubin has been hampered by its poor water solubility and instability.

Nuclear localization of mitochondrial TCA cycle enzymes modulates pluripotency via histone acetylation.

Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine and developmental biology studies. Mitochondrial metabolites, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, have been reported to play critical roles in pluripotency. Here we show that TCA cycle enzymes including Pdha1, Pcb, Aco2, Cs, Idh3a, Ogdh, Sdha and Mdh2 are translocated to the nucleus during somatic cell reprogramming, primed-to-naive transition and totipotency acquisition.

Interfacing Perforated Eardrums with Graphene-Based Membranes for Broadband Hearing Recovery.

Eardrum perforation and associated hearing loss is a global health problem. Grafting perforated eardrum with autologous tissues in clinic can restore low-frequency hearing but often leaves poor recovery of high-frequency hearing. In this study, the potential of incorporating a thin multilayered graphene membrane (MGM) into the eardrum for broadband hearing recovery in rats is examined.

Plin2-mediated lipid droplet mobilization accelerates exit from pluripotency by lipidomic remodeling and histone acetylation.

Metabolic switch is critical for cell fate determination through metabolic functions, epigenetic modifications, and gene expression. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations and their functional roles remain unclear. Here, we show that Plin2-mediated moderate lipid hydrolysis is critical for pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs).

miR-203, fine-tunning neuroinflammation by juggling different components of NF-κB signaling.

Background: miR-203 was first indicated in maintaining skin homeostasis and innate immunity. Aberrant expression of miR-203 was found associated with pathological progressions of immune disorders, cancers, as well as neurodegenerations. Recently, increasing data on miR-203 in regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis has raised extensive concern about the biological function of this microRNA.

Correction: Dishevelled1-3 contribute to multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23253.

Scalable fluid-spinning nanowire-based inorganic semiconductor yarns for electrochromic actuators.

Semiconductor yarns with unique functional characteristics have great potential applications in next-generation electronic devices. However, scalable inorganic semiconductor yarns with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, and environmental stability have not been discovered. In this study, we explored a unique fluid-spinning strategy to obtain a series of scalable inorganic semiconductor yarns including neat and hybrid semiconductor yarns.