Six novel subtypes of haemocyte defined in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

The primitive innate immune cells (termed haemocytes) initially evolved in molluscs, which are analogous to vertebrate leukocytes, displaying significant morphological and functional heterogeneity. Elucidating the diversity morphology and functions of haemocytes is crucial to understanding the ancient immune system. In the present study, six novel haemocyte subtypes, including pro-haemocytes, larger agranulocytes, secretory haemocytes, amoeba phagocytes, macrophages and dendritic (DC)-like haemocytes were identified by their specific morphological and functional characteristics in oyster circulating haemolymph.

A comparative theoretical study on the photoisomerization and antioxidant capacity of resveratrol and its Azo/Dihydro analogs.

This study employs a suite of quantum chemical methods to systematically investigate the photoisomerization mechanism and antioxidant activity of resveratrol (Res) and two key derivatives, Azo-Resveratrol (AzoRes) and Dihydro-Resveratrol (dhRes), thereby elucidating the impact of molecular scaffold modification on their structure-activity relationships. Employing density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), spin-flip TD-DFT and multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2), we investigated the geometric configurations, absorption spectra, photoisomerization pathways, and key antioxidant parameters for all three molecules. The results reveal that the substitution of the CC bond with an NN linkage (AzoRes) induces a bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum, introduces a low-energy n → π* transition, and facilitates a barrierless photoisomerization pathway.

eradication: developing antibiotic-independent antimicrobial moieties.

( infection is a common and serious infectious disease that requires eradication as it is the primary cause of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, severe side effects, and the inability of current treatments to effectively address biofilm-embedded, intracellular, and dormant strains, alongside their long-term gut microbiome disruptions, have rendered standard therapies increasingly ineffective. This predicament underscores the pressing need to explore antibiotic-independent antimicrobial moieties.

Progress in brucellosis immune regulation inflammatory mechanisms and diagnostic advances.

Brucellosis, a globally prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species, remains a major public health concern, especially in endemic regions. This study delves into the complex interactions between host immune responses and Brucella infection, focusing on both protective immunity and pathological inflammation. Key topics include pathogen recognition pathways, strategies employed by Brucella to evade immune defenses, and the collaborative roles of innate and adaptive immunity in driving disease progression.

Navigating fragmented care: a qualitative study on multimorbidity management challenges in Beijing's tiered healthcare system.

Background: Multimorbidity is a growing public health concern, especially in countries with aging populations. Although a tiered healthcare system has been implemented to improve primary care, managing patients with multimorbidity has been challenging.

Methods: This study conducted focus group discussions involving 21 patients with multimorbidity in Beijing via a flexible topic guide to explore their experiences.

A novel intracellular signaling pathway elicited by DM9CP-6 regulates immune responses in oysters.

Unlabelled: DM9 domain containing protein (DM9CP) is a recently discovered novel pattern recognition receptor (PRR) with the ability to recognize various microbes, but its role as a cytosolic PRR to track the invading microbes and trigger signaling pathway is still not clear. In the present study, a DM9CP (designated as DM9CP-6) and an intracellular regulatory molecule, 14-3-3 (designated as 14-3-3ε) were identified from oyster , which contained two tandem DM9 repeats and a 14-3-3ε domain, respectively. DM9CP-6 and 14-3-3ε were higher expressed in haemocytes, and their mRNA expression levels increased significantly after stimulation.

Clinical and prognostic outcomes of colposcopy-guided LEEP versus cold knife conization in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and prognostic outcomes of colposcopy-guided LEEP compared with cold knife conization (CKC) in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Methods: 124 patients with CIN in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were chosen and classified into the control group (62 cases) and the observation group (62 cases) according to the therapeutic schedule. The observation group was treated with colposcopy combined with LEEP, while the control group underwent conventional cold knife conization (CKC).

Excited-state genistein and its methoxy derivatives with improved antioxidant activity: DFT/TD-DFT calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation.

Oxidative stress from excessive accumulation of ROS drives several diseases, highlighting the need for efficient antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of excited-state genistein (Gen) and its methylated derivatives (5-MG, 4'-MG, and 7-MG) is systematically explored using density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Except for 5-MG, the rest of the isoflavones have excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) property confirmed by potential energy curves as an ultrafast process, which further determines the molecular forms, namely enol (S) and keto* (S) forms.

The involvement of caspase-8-3 in cleavaging caspase-3 and immune response of oyster Crassostrea gigas.

The caspase family play a crucial role in both apoptosis signaling and immune response. In the present study, a caspase-8 was identified from Crassostrea gigas (designed as CgCaspase-8-3), which contained two tandem death effector domains (DEDs) and a CASc domain, as well as conserved cysteine active site motif "QACQG". CgCaspase-8-3 was initially clustered with molluscan Caspase-8 homologs, and subsequently grouped with vertebrate sequences, while maintaining a relatively distant phylogenetic relationship from the mammalian clade.

The alternative splicing of duplicated HSP70 genes in the response of Patinopecten yessoensis upon high temperature stress.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved family associated with stress tolerance and prone to gene duplication in bivalves. In the present study, the expression dynamics and functional divergence of the HSP70 genes in the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) under developmental stages and high temperature treatment were investigated. There are 63 HSP70 family members identified in the Yesso scallop by genome-wide analysis.

Activation of the stress-activated protein kinase JNK in response to herpes simplex virus-1 infection coordinates transition of BRD4 from chromosome association to transcription elongation.

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is required for herpes simplex virus 1 lytic infection and reactivation from latency. JNK signaling regulates cellular processes in response to stress through transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanisms by which JNK regulates HSV-1 infection are less defined.

Understanding Anticipatory Anhedonia in Schizophrenia and Depression: Linking Reward Representation Maintenance from a Transdiagnostic Perspective.

Background And Hypothesis: Anticipatory anhedonia is common in both schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Under the transdiagnostic framework of the Research Domain Criteria, this study investigated how reward representation maintenance relates to anticipatory pleasure in patients with SCZ and MDD.

Study Design: We recruited 61 SCZ patients, 60 MDD patients, and 77 age-matched healthy controls (HCs).

Mapping the research landscape of immune response in human brucellosis: a bibliometric analysis.

Introduction: bacteria are adept at evading the human immune system, leading to a chronic infectious disease known as brucellosis, which poses significant global health challenges. This study addresses a notable gap in bibliometric analyses concerning the immune response to brucellosis.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature screening from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering publications from 1980 to 2024.

Innovative pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-based cinnamic acid derivatives against Sogatella furcifera with better biosafety to pollinators.

Background: Sogatella furcifera, commonly known as white-backed planthopper, is a highly threatening migratory pest that feeds on rice and can transmit phytoviruses. Recently, mesoionic insecticides, exemplified by triflumezopyrim (TFM), have proven effective in managing such pests. Nevertheless, available data indicate that TFM remains highly toxic to ecologically important pollinators.

Gut microbiome and peritoneal inflammation: a new perspective on peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.

Background: Gut microbiome disorders and intestinal barrier damage were found in peritonitis. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiome in PDAP and explore its correlation with intra-abdominal inflammation.

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: A bibliometric analysis.

BackgroundDiabetes, a prevalent chronic disorder, is frequently complicated by diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD). The impact of diabetes on specific cerebral regions accelerates the progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Research has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal factor in DACD, yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

A CD4+ T lymphocyte-specific TCR/GSDMD/IL-2 axis facilitates antitumor immunity.

Gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins mediate tumor pyroptosis and impact cancer progression, but other than that, their involvement in the tumor immune microenvironment remains largely unknown. Here, we show that activation of GSDMD in human tumor specimens mainly occurs in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Significantly, GSDMD deficiency or its inactivation in CD4+ T cells disabled CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and caused tumor outgrowth in mice.

Long-term nonferrous metal smelting affects metal accumulation/transfer in a soil-plant-woodlouse system.

Nonferrous metal smelting is one of the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the environment, yet its effect on heavy metal transfer in soil-plant-animal systems is not well investigated. In this work, soil, plant (Humulus scandens [HS], Digitaria sanguinalis [DS], and Setaria viridis [SV]), and woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare) samples were collected in a long-term nonferrous metal smelting area from 26 sites over approximately 7 km and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations. Cadmium and Pb were the most accumulated soil metals, with mean concentrations of 4.

Transcription factor VBP specifically regulates granulocyte apoptosis during the immune response in oysters.

Vitellogenin-binding protein (VBP), a PAR bZIP transcription factor with homology to the cell death specification gene 2 (Ces-2) in Caenorhabditis elegans, is recognized for its role in cell apoptosis. In the present study, a VBP homolog CgVBP (also annotated as CgCes-2) containing a typical bZIP domain was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The transcript of CgVBP was predominantly expressed in haemocytes, specifically enriched within the granulocyte subpopulation.

Developing a predictive model for neoadjuvant therapy in HER2 overexpression breast cancer using multi-parameter MRI radiomics: two-center retrospective study.

Aim: To explore an MRI-based radiomics model for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for breast cancer with HER2 overexpression.

Materials And Methods: A total of 133 patients with HER2 positive breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy were retrospectively enrolled and divided into pathological complete response (PCR) and non-PCR groups. The patients from two centers were split into a training group (n=68) and a test group (n=65).

Ammonia chemistry and oxidation dynamics as dual driving factors of PM nitrate pollution: Insights from the spatiotemporal disparities in central China.

Despite marked improvements in air quality across China, nitrate-driven PM pollution in central China has exhibited divergent trends tied to urbanization gradients, with underlying mechanisms remaining poorly understood. Through six cold-season observational campaigns (2017/2018-2022/2023) across urban, rural, and suburban sites, we identified ammonia-dominated chemistry and oxidation dynamics as dual drivers of contrasting nitrate trends. Despite substantial NO reductions (-34.

Nanomaterial-based encapsulation of biochemicals for targeted sepsis therapy.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by complex pathophysiology, including dysregulated immune responses, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress, often leading to multi-organ failure and high mortality rates. Traditional therapies, such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, face significant limitations due to issues like drug resistance and inadequate immune modulation. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced innovative solutions by leveraging nanomaterial-based encapsulation systems for bioactive substances, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and immunomodulators.

Luteolin phospholipid complexes improves the bioavailability of luteolin and exhibits potent protection and high safety in mice with gouty nephropathy.

This study sought to improve luteolin (Lut) solubility and bioactivity luteolin phospholipid complex (Lut-PC) preparation. Lut-PC was synthesised using solvent evaporation and characterised by multiple techniques. The optimal complexation efficiency reached 95.

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis-associated molecules and Immunologic characteristic in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Background:  Neovascularization mechanisms are hyperactivated in tumors, leading to vascular dysfunction and contributing to tumor metastasis and growth. This study aims to comprehensively analyze angiogenesis-associated genes in relation to the prognosis of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: Leukemia gene expression data were obtained from the GSE37642 (training set) and TCGA_LAML (validation set) datasets.

CgC1qBP functions as a PRR to regulate the mRNA expressions of cytokines in oysters.

Complement component C1q binding protein (C1qBP) as a multifunctional binding protein plays an important role in regulating innate immune responses. In the present study, a novel pattern recognition receptor (PRR) (defined as CgC1qBP) containing a MAM33 domain was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas. CgC1qBP mRNA was distributed in all the tested tissues.