E-InMeMo: Enhanced Prompting for Visual In-Context Learning.

Large-scale models trained on extensive datasets have become the standard due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks. In-context learning (ICL), widely used in natural language processing, leverages these models by providing task-specific prompts without modifying their parameters. This paradigm is increasingly being adapted for computer vision, where models receive an input-output image pair, known as an in-context pair, alongside a query image to illustrate the desired output.

Signaling Mechanism of Budding, Proliferation, and Tissue Regeneration in Cnidaria.

Phylum Cnidaria occupies an early branching position in the evolution of eukaryotes, establishing both close and distant relationships with most other eukaryotic metazoans. Budding encompasses the complete processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, making it an ideal model for exploring various aspects of cellular function and evolution. Additionally, budding serves as the primary reproductive method for increasing the cnidarian population.

Screening of Antibiotic-Sensitive Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Associated with the Gut of Penaeus Vannamei and its Application in Shrimp Farming.

The increasing use of antibiotics in shrimp aquaculture has raised concerns regarding ecological safety and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from the gut of Penaeus vannamei to evaluate their potential as antibiotic alternatives in aquaculture. Two strains, S1 and S2, were identified with 99.

Biosynthesis of D-threitol from biomass-derived xylose by engineering Trichosporonoides oedocephalis.

Xylose is the major pentose and the second most abundant sugar in the lignocellulosic feedstock. Metabolic engineering approaches have been employed to enhance the utilization rate of xylose in yeast. We previously modified Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958 and produced sugar alcohols, including xylitol and erythritol.

Enhancing Bottleneck Concept Learning in Image Classification.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in image classification. However, their "black-box" nature raises concerns about trust and transparency, particularly in high-stakes fields such as healthcare and autonomous systems. While explainable AI (XAI) methods attempt to address these concerns through feature- or concept-based explanations, existing approaches are often limited by the need for manually defined concepts, overly abstract granularity, or misalignment with human semantics.

Unlocking the bioremediation potential of adapted Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in acidic low-temperature U-contaminated groundwater.

Addressing the global challenge of uranium (U)-contaminated groundwater requires innovative bioremediation strategies. This study investigates Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, a neutrophilic and mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) strain optimized for low-temperature (15 °C) and acidic (initial pH 4) conditions, to validate its bioaugmentation potential for uranium decontamination in groundwater. Our research aimed to assess its efficacy in treating U-contaminated groundwater and elucidate the optimal growth conditions for this strain in acidic and sulfate-enriched environments.

Chemical modification and immobilization of cellulase for simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass in ternary deep eutectic solvent.

In this study, chemical modification coupled with immobilization of cellulase was developed for simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification (SPS) of lignocellulosic biomass in ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES). Cellulase was firstly modified with acid anhydrides to form citraconic anhydride modified cellulase (CA-Ce) and phthalic anhydride modified cellulase (PA-Ce), respectively. Then the modified cellulases were immobilized on amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-NH) to fabricate CA-Ce@MSN-NH and PA-Ce@MSN-NH.

Advances in the biological production of sugar alcohols from biomass-derived xylose.

Sugar alcohols are a common class of low-calorie sweeteners. The advancement of technologies utilizing renewable resources has heightened interest in synthesizing sugar alcohols from biomass-derived xylose for cost down of process and sustainability. This review focuses on the potential of biomass-derived xylose and its effective conversion into sugar alcohols, underscoring the significance of this process in sustainable industrial applications.

The FOXO pathway mediates a conserved mechanism of antioxidant defense against microplastic-induced toxicity in Aurelia coerulea polyps and mouse liver.

Microplastics are emerging as a critical class of pollutants with a pervasive presence in the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial environments, raising global concern. However, it is unclear whether there are conserved mechanisms for the response of microplastic damage to different species. Aurelia coerulea polyps and mouse models were exposed to microplastic environments to assess their growth effects and mechanisms.

Mineral types dominate microbiomes and biogeochemical cycling in acid mine drainage.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) environments are typically used as models to study the crucial roles of acidophilic microbes in aquatic environments. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling across mining regions remains limited. In this study, a metagenomics-based approach was employed to explore the diversity, composition, and ecological functions of microbiomes in global AMD environments with different mineral types.

Characterization of Tetrathionate Hydrolase from Acidothermophilic Sulfur-Oxidizing Archaeon Ar-4.

Tetrathionate hydrolase (TTH) is a key enzyme for the oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) with the SI pathway, which is distributed in autotrophic or facultative autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. In this study, the enzyme TTH from the acidothermophilic archaeon Ar-4, encoded by _1281 and belonging to the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) family, has been shown to possess tetrathionate hydrolysis activity. The molecular mass of the single subunit of TTH was determined to be 57 kDa.

Evaluation of Antibiotic-Sensitive Bacillus Strain as a Potential Probiotic for Enhanced Growth in Penaeus vannamei.

The safety of probiotics in aquaculture, particularly concerning the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), has become a significant concern. This study aims to isolate antibiotic-sensitive Bacillus strains from the gut of Penaeus vannamei and evaluate the potential for practical application in shrimp farming. The strain was tested for antibiotic sensitivity to 10 commonly used antibiotics, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined.

Ancestral Nitrilase Mining and Semi-Rational Engineering for Enhanced Thermal Stability in Rapeseed Meals-Derived Nitriles Degradation.

Rapeseed meal (RSM), a protein-rich byproduct, holds potential as a high-quality animal feed, but nitrile compounds derived from glucosinolates (GSLs) in RSM pose a toxicity risk. Nitrilases, enzymes that hydrolyze toxic nitriles to carboxylic acids, offer a potential solution for detoxification. However, the low thermal stability of nitrilases restricts their industrial applicability.

Ecological features of microbial community linked to stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in acid mine drainage.

Unlabelled: Ecological processes greatly shape microbial community assembly, but the driving factors remain unclear. Here, we compiled a metagenomic data set of microbial communities from global acid mine drainage (AMD) and explored the ecological features of microbial community linked to stochastic and deterministic processes from the perspective of species niche position, interaction patterns, gene functions, and viral infection. Our results showed that dispersal limitation (DL) (48.

Evaluation of cross-linkers in the design of immobilized multi isomerase cascade for the preparation of rare sugars.

The cascade of sugar isomerases is one of the most practical methods for producing rare sugars, and enzyme immobilization endows it with high economic efficiency, operational convenience and reusability. However, the most employed cross-linker glutaraldehyde (GA) has the disadvantages of enzyme deactivation and limitation of substrate binding. Herein, three compounds, glyoxal, GA, and 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde (DFF) were evaluated within a previously developed cascade comprising ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and D-tagatose-3-epimerase to prepare D-ribulose form D-xylose.

Microbial Diversity and Screening for Potential Pathogens and Beneficial Bacteria of Five Jellyfish Species-Associated Microorganisms Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing.

Jellyfish, microorganisms, and the marine environment collectively shape a complex ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the microbial communities associated with five jellyfish species, exploring their composition, diversity, and relationships. Microbial diversity among the species was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME analysis.

Spatial differentiation of carbon emissions from energy consumption based on machine learning algorithm: A case study during 2015-2020 in Shaanxi, China.

Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide. Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem. Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.

Enhancement of ε-poly-L-lysine production by Streptomyces albulus FQF-24 with feeding strategies using cassava starch as carbon source.

ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural and wide-spectrum antimicrobial additive. In this study, the production of ε-PL by Streptomyces albulus FQF-24 using cassava starch (CS) as carbon source and the effects of different feeding methods were investigated in a fermenter. The initial shake flask experiments demonstrated the efficient production of ε-PL with CS, achieving the ε-PL production of 1.

Construction of ecological security pattern in combination with landslide sensitivity: A case study of Yan'an City, China.

The ecological security pattern can harmonize the relationship between natural environmental protection and socio-economic development. This study proposes a regional ecological security pattern optimization framework by integrating theory and practice with landslide sensitivity and landscape structure. Using Yan'an City as an example, this study optimizes the landscape layout of preliminary ecological sources.

Exploring Emotional Stimuli Detection in Artworks: A Benchmark Dataset and Baselines Evaluation.

We introduce an emotional stimuli detection task that targets extracting emotional regions that evoke people's emotions (i.e., emotional stimuli) in artworks.

Biocontrol agents modulate phyllosphere microbiota interactions against pathogen .

The pathogen , responsible for a variety of diseases, poses a considerable threat to global crop yields. Emerging biocontrol strategies employ antagonistic microorganisms, utilizing phyllosphere microecology and systemic resistance to combat this disease. However, the interactions between phyllosphere microbial dynamics and the activation of the plant defense system remain poorly understood.

Characterization of a novel ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B from ZXL1 for D-allose production.

Enzymatic preparation of rare sugars as an alternative to traditional sweeteners is an effective strategy to achieve a low-calorie healthy diet. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B (RpiB) is a key enzyme in the non-oxidative branch of the catalytic pentose phosphate pathway. Here, we investigated the potential of ZXL1 ( ZXL1) derived RpiB (CfRpiB) in D-allose preparation.

Phyllosphere bacterial community dynamics in response to bacterial wildfire disease: succession and interaction patterns.

Plants interact with complex microbial communities in which microorganisms play different roles in plant development and health. While certain microorganisms may cause disease, others promote nutrient uptake and resistance to stresses through a variety of mechanisms. Developing plant protection measures requires a deeper comprehension of the factors that influence multitrophic interactions and the organization of phyllospheric communities.