Risk factors for progression to albuminuria in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a 5-year cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to determine the 5-year incidence of albuminuria in Chinese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and identify baseline risk factors for progression to albuminuria.

Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted with 604 individuals aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with T2DM between January 2014 and December 2017 at a tertiary hospital in China, followed through November 2022. The cumulative incidence of progression from normoalbuminuria to albuminuria was assessed.

Occurrence and microbial remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals pollution in soils.

The presence of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals presents a widespread environmental challenge in industrial areas. Unlike single-pollutant systems, co-pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals exhibits synergistic toxicity that weakens traditional remediation technologies. This review systematically examines microbial remediation strategies for such co-polluted soils, focusing on three levels of intervention: functional microorganisms, compost-based enhancement, and engineered microbial solutions.

Selective C-P bond cleavage in glyphosate degradation via singlet oxygen-dominated alkali-activated peroxymonosulfate.

Achieving selective degradation of glyphosate (PMG) to avoid the formation of toxic intermediate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is still a considerable challenge. This study developed a singlet oxygen (O)-driven alkali-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system to achieve selective degradation of PMG by targeting carbon sites with varying electronegativity. The alkali-activated PMS system, utilizing NaBO, NaBO, NaBO, NaOH, and NaCO, effectively degraded PMG following pseudo-first-order kinetics, with k of 0.

Association between metabolic score for insulin resistance and lower limb pain among the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (Mets-IR) and lower limb pain (LLP) among the elderly.

Methods: Baseline and follow-up data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database in 2011 and 2018, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were performed to explored the relationship between Mets-IR and LLP.

Contrasting mediation actions on interactions of phosphorus with lanthanum modified zeolite by terrestrial- and algal-derived dissolved organic matter.

La-based phosphorus-inactivating agents (PIAs) have increasingly been applied and extensively investigated to control internal phosphorus loading in lakes. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) exists ubiquitously in eutrophic lakes, and can interfere with phosphate binding to PIAs. However, the current studies have mostly focused on the humic substances (HA), but the role of algal-derived organic matter (ADOM), which is the main source in eutrophic lakes, is still not adequately understood.

Metagenomic Analysis Revealed the Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Phosphate Tailings Compost.

Phosphate tailings are usually rich in phosphorus and some other mineral nutrients, which is very suitable for composting. In this study, 60 days of composting using phosphate tailings, chicken manure, and straw resulted in a significant decrease in total nitrogen (TN) content from 1.75 ± 0.

Cumulative blood pressure burden and the risk of functional dependence in elderly cohorts: An exploration of the influencing factors.

Background: To investigate the correlation between cumulative blood pressure levels and functional dependence in individuals aged 60 and older.

Methods: Data were sourced from two distinct elderly databases: CHARLS and ELSA. Various statistical techniques, including logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline analysis, forest plot visualization, and interaction analyses, were employed to delve into the associations between cumulative blood pressure and difficulties in performing activities of daily living.

Metagenomic analysis revealed the bioremediation mechanism of lead and cadmium contamination by modified biochar synergized with PSB-2 in phosphate mining wasteland.

Introduction: Phosphate mining wasteland is contaminated with heavy metals, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which pose significant environmental risks. Ecological restoration of these lands is crucial, but limited research has focused on the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils using modified biochar and functional microorganisms.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the bioremediation of phosphate mining wasteland soil using modified biochar in combination with the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium .

Enhanced Pb immobilization by CaO/MgO-modified soybean residue (okara) in phosphate mining wasteland soil: Mechanism and microbial community structure.

Lead (Pb) contamination is an inevitable consequence of phosphate mining, necessitating the development of effective remediation strategies. This study investigated the use of CaO/MgO-modified okara (CMS) as an eco-friendly approach to remediate Pb-contaminated soils from phosphate mining wastelands. In the present study, following 30 d of CMS application, the exchangeable Pb content was significantly decreased to 10.

Heterotrophic nitrification processes driven by glucose and sodium acetate: New insights into microbial communities, functional genes and nitrogen metabolism from metagenomics and metabolomics.

Heterotrophic nitrification (HN) bacteria use organic carbon sources to remove ammonia nitrogen (NH-N); however, the mechanisms of carbon and nitrogen metabolism are unknown. To understand this mechanism, HN functional microbial communities named MG and MA were enriched with glucose and sodium acetate, respectively. The NH-N removal efficiencies were 98.

Highly efficient recovery of phosphate and fluoride from phosphogypsum leachate: Selective precipitation and adsorption.

Phosphogypsum, a typical by-product in the phosphorus chemical industry, could generate a large amount of leachate containing phosphate and fluoride in the process of rainfall and long-term stacking, which not only causes serious environmental pollution, but also leads to a waste of resources. In this study, a united treatment of calcium hydroxide precipitation and lanthanum zeolite (La-ZFA) adsorption was proposed to achieve the recovery of phosphate and fluoride from phosphogypsum leachate. In phosphogypsum, most phosphorus could be leached except P in the residual occurrence form, while for fluoride, only water-soluble F could be effectively leached.

Immunogenic cell death-based cancer vaccines: promising prospect in cancer therapy.

Tumor immunotherapy is a promising approach for addressing the limitations of conventional tumor treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which often have side effects and fail to prevent recurrence and metastasis. However, the effectiveness and sustainability of immune activation in tumor immunotherapy remain challenging. Tumor immunogenic cell death, characterized by the release of immunogenic substances, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor associated antigens, from dying tumor cells (DTCs), offers a potential solution.

Molecular insights into effects of chemical conditioning on dissolved organic phosphorus transformation and bioavailability during sludge composting.

Phosphorus is enriched in waste activated sludge (WAS) during wastewater treatment, and organic phosphorus (OP) is a potential slow-release P fertilizer. The chemical coagulants used in sludge dewatering leave numerous residues in WAS that affect sludge composting. In this study, the effects of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyferric sulfate (PFS) on the bioconversion of dissolved OP (DOP) during sludge composting were investigated.

Phosphorus immobilization/release behavior of lanthanum-modified bentonite amended sediment under the dual effects of pH and dissolved organic carbon.

Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) is typical P-inactivating agent that has been applied in over 200 lakes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and high pH restrict the phosphorus (P) immobilization performance of LMB. However, the P immobilization/release behaviors of LMB-amended sediment when suspended to overlying water with high pH and DOC have not yet been studied.

Mechanistic investigation of Pb adsorption on biochar modified with sodium alginate composite zeolitic imidazolate framework-8.

For the serious situation of heavy metal pollution, the use of cheap, clean, and efficient biochar to immobilize heavy metals is a good treatment method. In this paper, SA@ZIF-8/BC was prepared for the adsorption of Pb in solution using sodium alginate (SA) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) modified corn cob biochar. The results showed that the specific surface area of modified biochar was greatly improved, with good adsorption capacity for Pb, strong anti-interference ability, and good economy.

Mechanistic insights into chemical conditioning on transformation of dissolved organic matter and plant biostimulants production during sludge aerobic composting.

Inorganic coagulants (aluminum and iron salt) are widely used to improve sludge dewaterability, resulting in numerous residues in dewatered sludge. Composting refers to the controlled microbial process that converts organic wastes into fertilizer, and coagulant residues in dewatered sludge can affect subsequent compost efficiency and resource recycling, which remains unclear. This work investigated the effects of two typical metal salt coagulants (poly aluminum chloride [PAC] and poly ferric sulfate [PFS]) conditioning on sludge compost.

Comparison of microbial communities in unleached and leached ionic rare earth mines.

The leaching of ionic rare earth elements has caused serious environmental pollution and ecological damage. Microorganisms play a crucial role in soil ecosystems and are one of the most important components of these systems. However, there are fewer studies related to the changes that occur in microbial community structure and diversity before and after leaching in ionic rare earth mines.

Inhibitory effect of microplastics derived organic matters on humification reaction of organics in sewage sludge under alkali-hydrothermal treatment.

Alkali-hydrothermal treatment (AHT) of sewage sludge is often used to recover value-added dissolved organic matters (DOM) enriched with artificial humic acids (HA). Microplastics (MPs), as emerging contaminants in sewage sludge, can leach organic compounds (MP-DOM) during AHT, which potentially impact the characteristics of thermally treated sludge's DOM. This study employed spectroscopy and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) to explore the impacts of MPs on DOM composition and transformation during AHT.

Metagenomic analysis revealed the evolution of microbial communities, metabolic pathways, and functional genes in the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification process under La stress.

Trivalent lanthanum (La) exists widely in ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) tailing water from ionic rare earth mines; however, its effect on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) is unknown, thereby limiting the application of the HN-AD process in this field. In this study, we conducted an HN-AD process using a sequencing batch reactor (5 L) that was continuously operated to directly treat acidic (NH)SO wastewater (influent NH-N concentration of approximately 110 mg/L and influent pH of 5) containing different La concentrations (0-100 mg/L). The NH-N removal efficiency of the reactor reached 98.

Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment.

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system's maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors.

Double-edged effect of frequent freeze-thaw on the stability of zero-valent iron after heavy metal remediation.

Freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) cause dynamic microscale changes in ions and solvents. During freezing, heavy metals adsorbed on zero-valent iron (M-ZVI) and protons are excluded by ice crystals and concentrated in the liquid-like grain boundary region. The high proton concentration in this region leads to the dissolution of the passivation layer of ZVI.

Synergistic leaching process for ion-exchange ammonium from weathered crust elution deposited rare earth tailings with potassium magnesium compound eluent.

The ion-exchangeable ammonium (IE-A) that accounts for 60-90% of the total residual ammonium in rare earth tailings has great potential to pollute the surrounding environment, and much research has been done to seek an effective elution method. However, the current study mainly focused on the single salt solution, which made it hard to reach the desired elution efficiency. In this study, the efficient binary compound eluent was prepared, and the response surface experiments and dynamic elution were performed to optimize the elution condition and evaluate the practical application prospect.

Molecular transformation pathway and bioavailability of organic phosphorus in sewage sludge under vermicomposting.

Phosphorus reclamation from sewage sludge is essential for sustainable phosphorus management, as large quantities of phosphorus afflux into wastewater treatment plants and are finally enriched in sewage sludge via phosphorus removal technologies. Meanwhile, vermicomposting is a cost-effective biotechnique for sludge stabilization. This work unveiled the molecular transformation pathway and bioavailability of organic phosphorus (OP) in sludge under vermicomposting with solution P NMR, FT-ICR MS and enzymatic hydrolysis assay.