Well-Defined Redox-Active Hyperbranched Polymers for Flow Batteries: Harnessing Self-Condensing Vinyl Copolymerization by Flow Chemistry.

The increased adoption of renewable power necessitates the development of grid-scale storage solutions, with aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) at the forefront. Despite their potential, performance limitations arising from high solution viscosity at high concentrations of active material and rapid degradation due to active material crossover continue to pose challenges. Here, we use flow chemistry to create redox-active hyperbranched copolymers (HBCs), which exhibited substantially improved suppression of crossover and enhanced rheology behaviors.

Deep evolution of carbonated magmas controls ocean island basalt chemistry.

The composition of ocean island basalts (OIBs) is key to understanding mantle differentiation and quantifying intra-plate carbon outflux. Existing petrogenesis models fail to simultaneously reproduce the low SiO and low SiO/FeO characteristics of alkalic OIBs and ignore melt-orthopyroxene reactions in the lithosphere that may further elevate the SiO content of primary magmas. Here we show experimentally that high-degree (>50%) high-pressure crystallization of carbonated primary magmas at the base of lithosphere drastically reduces both the SiO content and SiO/FeO ratio, due to the combined effects of clinopyroxene and garnet precipitation and carbonates dissolution.

Characteristics of soil seed banks and their influencing factors in communities at different altitudes on the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain, China.

is a national key protected plant species in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains. We established sample plots in communities at altitudes of 1236, 1350, 1477, and 1603 m. Through field surveys and indoor seed bank germination experiments, we investigated the characteristics of soil seed banks in community across different altitudes and their influencing factors.

High-Fat Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Disruption Promotes Colorectal Cancer Lymphatic Metastasis via Propionate/GPR41 Signaling.

Introduction: High-fat diets (HFDs) are known to affect the gut microbiome structure and potentially promote the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which gut microbiome dysbiosis, mediated by the propionate/GPR41 signaling pathway, promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymph node (LN) metastasis in CRC, providing new insights for CRC treatment.

Methods: Microbial diversity and composition in rectal cancer were compared between CRC patients and healthy controls using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Leaf stoichiometric characteristics and responses of sea-buckthorn ( L.) involved in its niche-driven species distribution patterns across China.

Introduction: The stoichiometric characteristics of leaves can indicate the nutrient limitations and ecological strategies of closely related plants. Sea-buckthorn is a unique species in China with economic and ecological value, yet nutrient limitations and environmental adaptation strategies in its main distribution areas remain unclear.

Methods: Here, This study aims to explore the adaptive mechanism in different geographical environments and its impact on species substitution distribution patterns by analyzing the leaf stoichiometric characteristics of three species of sea-buckthorn ().

m5C methylation of mitochondrial RNA and non-coding RNA by NSUN3 is associated with variant gene expression and asexual blood-stage development in Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium spp. and is a prevalent parasitic disease worldwide. To evade detection by the immune system, by switching variant gene expression, the malaria parasite continually establishes new patterns displaying a single variant erythrocyte surface antigen.

Anti-Motion Artifacts Iontronic Sensor for Long-Term Accurate Fingertip Pulse Monitoring.

Flexible pressure sensors have gained attention for their comfort, portability, and potential in long-term pulse monitoring and early cardiovascular disease diagnosis. However, stretching stress during daily activities affects sensor accuracy, causing motion artifacts (MAs) that hinder precise pulse signal detection. To address this challenge, the anti-motion artifact iontronic pressure sensor (S-smooth sensor), featuring a soft-hard stretchable interface with energy dissipation properties is developed.

High sensing performance flexible nanocomposite sensor with a hybrid nanostructure constructed nanoscale confined motion of nanofibers and nanoplatelets.

The swing process between the construction and destruction of hybrid nanostructures in conductive nanocomposites under an external stimulation plays a pivotal role in their sensing performance and is directly related to the nanoscale motion of the corresponding hybrid nanoparticles. When one-dimensional (1D) nanofibers and two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatelets were selectively distributed in thin cell walls supercritical CO foaming, the confined nanoscale motion of 1D nanofibers and 2D nanoplatelets in the stretching process, including hybrid nanoparticle rotation and separation, was precisely regulated based on the hybrid nanoparticles' Monte Carlo theoretical modelling. Correspondingly, an optimized complex hybrid nanostructure with a suitable nanoparticle content, hybrid ratio and geometry was proposed to achieve a high gauge factor of 4469.

Integrated Fibrous Iontronic Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Reliability for Human Plantar Pressure and Gait Analysis.

Flexible sensing systems (FSSs) designed to measure plantar pressure can deliver instantaneous feedback on human movement and posture. This feedback is crucial not only for preventing and controlling diseases associated with abnormal plantar pressures but also for optimizing athletes' postures to minimize injuries. The development of an optimal plantar pressure sensor hinges on key metrics such as a wide sensing range, high sensitivity, and long-term stability.

Two-dimensional MXene nanosheets on nano-scale fibrils in hierarchical porous structure to achieve ultra-high sensitivity.

The complex hybrid nanostructure combining a two-dimensional (2D) conductive material and a hierarchical nanoscale skeleton plays an important role to enhance its piezoresistive sensitivity. To construct such a novel hybrid nanostructure, a piezoresistive sensor was designed with the following strategy to take the full advantages of 2D MXene and nanoscale fibrils: ethylene oxide propylene oxide random copolymer (EOPO) was grafted to ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) molecular chains and was foamed by an environmentally-friendly supercritical CO (scCO) foaming technology to fabricate abundant nanoscale EVOH fibrils surrounding micropores; MXene featured as a 2D structure of nanoscale size that strongly interacted with this hierarchical nanoscale skeleton, and MXene not only convolved on nanoscale fibrils to generate bumps but also MXene covered the end of broken fibrils to build spots, and furthermore, MXene adhered on the soft EOPO embedded EVOH fibrils to form wrinkles, in which these bumps, spots and wrinkles assembled by highly conductive 2D MXene offered sufficient contacts when the hierarchical nanoscale skeleton was compressed (these contacts would then destruct when the skeleton recovered). Such an elaborated hybrid nanostructural design exploits the full potential of 2D MXene and hence achieves an ultra-high sensitivity of 6895.

Downregulation of HAS‑2 regulates the chondrocyte cytoskeleton and induces cartilage degeneration by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder, which is principally characterized by the degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage. The cytoskeleton is a vital structure that maintains the morphology and function of chondrocytes, and its destruction is a crucial risk factor leading to chondrocyte degeneration and OA. Hyaluronan synthase‑2 (HAS‑2) is a key enzyme in synthesizing hyaluronic acid (HA) .

C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics of mosses in forest in Helan Mountains, Ningxia, China.

To explore the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N and P and adaptive mechanism of mosses in mountain forest ecosystems, we set up 15 plots along the altitude gradient in forest in Helan Mountains, Ningxia. We analyzed the C:N:P stoichiometry of moss aboveground tissues and its relationship with environmental factors. The results showed the mean values of C, N and P concentration in moss aboveground tissues were 336.

Efficacy of Long-Term Spinal Nerve Posterior Ramus Pulsed Radiofrequency in Treating Subacute Herpetic Neuralgia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to observe the clinical efficacy of long-term spinal nerve posterior ramus pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in treating subacute herpes zoster neuralgia (HZN).

Methods: A total of 120 patients with subacute HZN in the thoracolumbar region and back were equally randomized to the conventional PRF group (P group, = 60), with a pulse of 180 s, or to the long-term PRF group (LP group, = 60), with a pulse of 600 s. The patients' baseline characteristics, the incidence rate of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and the dose of analgesics were compared between the two groups.

Genesis of Hawaiian lavas by crystallization of picritic magma in the deep mantle.

Olivine is the dominant phenocryst or xenocryst of Hawaiian tholeiitic basalts, and the general consensus is that lavas with MgO concentrations from 7.5 to about 15 weight percent were derived from their primary magmas, which contain ~18-20 weight percent MgO, by only olivine crystallization. However, the major element composition of estimated primary magmas through olivine crystallization correction is inconsistent with direct partial melting of either mantle peridotite or its hybrid with subducted oceanic crust.

Characterization of Mechanical, Electrical and Thermal Properties of Bismaleimide Resins Based on Different Branched Structures.

Bismaleimide (BMI) resin is an excellent performance resin, mainly due to its resistance to the effect of heat and its insulating properties. However, its lack of toughness as a cured product hampers its application in printed circuit boards (PCBs). Herein, a branched structure via Michael addition was introduced to a BMI system to reinforce its toughness.

Flexible Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on Collagen Fiber Material.

Flexible wearable pressure sensors play a pivotal role in healthcare monitoring, disease prevention, and humanmachine interactions. However, their narrow sensing ranges, low detection sensitivities, slow responses, and complex preparation processes restrict their application in smart wearable devices. Herein, a capacitive pressure sensor with high sensitivity and flexibility that uses an ionic collagen fiber material as the dielectric layer is proposed.

Highly stable flexible pressure sensors with a quasi-homogeneous composition and interlinked interfaces.

Electronic skins (e-skins) are devices that can respond to mechanical stimuli and enable robots to perceive their surroundings. A great challenge for existing e-skins is that they may easily fail under extreme mechanical conditions due to their multilayered architecture with mechanical mismatch and weak adhesion between the interlayers. Here we report a flexible pressure sensor with tough interfaces enabled by two strategies: quasi-homogeneous composition that ensures mechanical match of interlayers, and interlinked microconed interface that results in a high interfacial toughness of 390 J·m.

[Characteristics of soil microbial communities in different restoration models in the ecological immigrants' emigration area in southern Ningxia, China].

To reveal the effects of plantations on soil microbial environment,the composition and diversity of soil fungi and bacterial communities in five restoration models (, , , , natural restoration) in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia were compared by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The correlation between soil physical-chemical properties and dominant microbial groups was analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Dominant fungi in different restoration models were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and unclassified fungi, which accounted for 90% of total fungal community.

Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity and linear response over a wide pressure range based on soft micropillared electrodes.

Electronic skins and flexible pressure sensors are important devices for advanced healthcare and intelligent robotics. Sensitivity is a key parameter of flexible pressure sensors. Whereas introducing surface microstructures in a capacitive-type sensor can significantly improve its sensitivity, the signal becomes nonlinear and the pressure response range gets much narrower, significantly limiting the applications of flexible pressure sensors.

Relationship between climate and leaf carbon stable isotope of Hippophae.

We analyzed the relationship between carbon stable isotope characteristics of 131 populations and environmental factors by measuring the foliar δC value in . The results showed that the foliar δC values of ranged from -24.65‰ to -29.

Shape-Programmable Interfacial Solar Evaporator with Salt-Precipitation Monitoring Function.

Interfacial solar evaporators (ISEs) for seawater desalination have garnered enormous attention in recent decades due to global water scarcity. Despite the progress in the energy conversion efficiency and production rate of ISE, the poor portability of large-area ISE during transportation as well as the clogging of water transport pathways by precipitated salts during operation remain grand challenges for its fielded applications. Here, we designed an ISE with high energy conversion efficiency and shape morphing capability by integrating carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers with a light-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP, cross-linked polycyclooctene (PCO)).