Research advances in mesenchymal stem cells and related therapies for rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.

Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a prevalent cause of shoulder dysfunction, with postoperative retearing remaining a significant challenge due to poor tendon-to-bone healing. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), owing to their multipotency, immunomodulatory properties, and diverse tissue sources, have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Current approaches include direct MSC implantation, MSC-laden scaffolds for structural support, and utilization of MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) or exosomes to enhance regeneration.

Fibro-adipogenic progenitors prevent skeletal muscle degeneration at acute phase upon tendon rupture in a murine tibialis anterior tenotomy model.

Background: Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are a group of mesenchymal stem cells that cause fibro-fatty degeneration in skeletal muscle in various chronic disease models. FAPs also play a role in preventing muscle degeneration at acute stages during disease progression. However, few studies have reported the changes in and function of FAPs in the acute phase after tendon rupture.

Antioxidant RuCo nanosheet attenuates capsule fibrosis in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder by p38 MAPK signaling pathway inhibition.

Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder (ACS) is a prevalent orthopedic disorder characterized by pain and restricted range of motion (ROM). The pathogenesis of ACS remains unclear and current treatments have limited efficacy in terms of long-term outcomes. Here, we synthesized antioxidant RuCo nanosheets (RuCo-NSs) for the treatment of ACS.

Advancements in two-dimensional nanomaterials for regenerative medicine in skeletal muscle repair.

Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, plays vital roles in movement, heat generation, and internal organ protection. While healthy muscle can regenerate effectively, its regenerative capacity declines in conditions like congenital muscular dystrophy, severe trauma, or aging. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, with unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical and electrical properties, have shown great promise in different forms of muscle injury, particularly in volumetric muscle loss (VML).

Role of aberrant activated fibro/adipogenic progenitors and suppressed ferroptosis in disused skeletal muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration.

Muscle fatty infiltration (MFI) was characterized by the pathological accumulation of fat within skeletal muscle tissue. Previous studies have found that the progress of this pathological phenomenon in aging, acute muscle injury, and other conditions was triggered by the activation and adipogenic differentiation of the key cell population, fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), but there were few studies on the fat infiltration caused by disused skeletal muscle atrophy, and the regulatory role of FAPs in this situation has not been deeply explored, leaving the related molecular mechanisms still unknown. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on the disused skeletal muscle.

Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries.

Background: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is a relatively common musculoskeletal condition. However, there is currently a lack of consensus on decision-making, treatment and postoperative management for such injuries.

Objectives: To use the modified Delphi method to reach expert consensus on the management of PCL injury.

Janus piezoelectric adhesives regulate macrophage TRPV1/Ca/cAMP axis to stimulate tendon-to-bone healing by multi-omics analysis.

Piezoelectric stimulation has garnered substantial interest as a promising strategy for tissue regeneration. However, studies investigating its impact on tendon-to-bone healing characterized by fibrocartilage remain scarce. Moreover, there are considerable technical challenges in achieving minimally invasive application of piezoelectric stimulation on the irregular tendon-to-bone interface.

Deciphering the role of IGFBP5 in delaying fibrosis and sarcopenia in aging skeletal muscle: therapeutic implications and molecular mechanisms.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by the loss of muscle fibers and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The interplay between muscle atrophy and fibrosis is a central feature of sarcopenia. While the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle aging and fibrosis remain incompletely understood, cellular senescence has emerged as a key contributor.

Inflammation-modulating elastic decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold promotes meniscus regeneration.

Scaffold-guided meniscus repair and regeneration show promise for meniscus injuries. Desirable scaffold properties are key to promoting proper tissue remodeling and effective regeneration. Herein, we report an inflammation-modulating elastic decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold and evaluate its biological performance on meniscus repair in a rabbit model.

Regional-Specific Decellularized Meniscus Extracellular Matrix Elastic Nanofiber Aerogels Regulate Meniscal Regeneration and Vascularization.

The meniscus is a heterogeneous structure with spatial distribution of cells and vessels. Promoting meniscus healing remains challenging, especially in its avascular inner region. The ideal repair mode shall promote meniscus repair while maintaining local avascularity to prevent pathological changes from vascular invasion.

No Significant Differences in Clinical Outcomes Were Observed Between Healed and Unhealed Hip Joint Capsules in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome After Arthroscopy.

Purpose: To explore the healing status of interportal capsulotomies without repair after arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and to examine its correlation with clinical outcomes, including the relationship with age and sex subgroups.

Methods: Data collected between August 2015 and January 2022 were reviewed. Patients with FAIS aged 18 to 65 years who underwent hip arthroscopy with interportal capsulotomies without repair with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included.

Blocking the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in the Rat Hippocampus Alleviates the Depressive-like Behavior Induced by Spinal Cord Injury.

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) may develop depression, which can affect their rehabilitation. However, the underlying mechanism of depression in SCI patients remains unclear. Previous studies have revealed increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the rat hippocampus after SCI, accompanied by depression-like behaviors.

Arachnoid Cyst Associated With Traumatic Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage in Children.

Introduction: It was reported that most arachnoid cyst (AC)-associated chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) was spontaneous. However, AC with CSDH caused by trauma was extremely scarcely reported. In this paper, the authors reported a successful surgical treatment of a case of AC associated with CSDH after trauma.

Voluntary exercise sensitizes cancer immunotherapy via the collagen inhibition-orchestrated inflammatory tumor immune microenvironment.

Physical activity reduces cancer-associated mortality through multiple mechanisms, including tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) reprogramming. However, whether and how physiological interventions promote anti-tumor immunity remain elusive. Here, we report that clinically relevant voluntary exercise promotes muscle-derived extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated miR-29a-3p for tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) inhibition in patients and mouse models, thereby permitting immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy.

Shape-Persistent Conductive Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

To solve the problems of slow regeneration and mismatch of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been widely used to promote nerve regeneration. Multichannel NGCs have been widely studied to mimic the structure of natural nerve bundles. However, multichannel conduits are prone to structural instability.

Outcome comparison of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) and meniscal scaffold implantation (MSI): a systematic review.

Background: Although numerous studies have reported successful clinical outcomes of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) or meniscal scaffold implantation (MSI), the difference between the outcome of MAT and MSI remains unclear.

Purpose: To compare the overall outcomes and survival rates of MAT and MSI, aiming to provide comprehensive evidence for determining the optimal treatment strategy for meniscal defects.

Methods: A systematic review was performed via a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Agomir-122-loaded nanoparticles coated with cell membrane of activated fibroblasts to treat frozen shoulder based on homologous targeting.

As a common musculoskeletal disorder, frozen shoulder is characterized by thickened joint capsule and limited range of motion, affecting 2-5% of the general population and more than 20% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Pathologically, joint capsule fibrosis resulting from fibroblast activation is the key event. The activated fibroblasts are proliferative and contractive, producing excessive collagen.

Ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of probable sarcopenia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscle mass and strength, posing threat to quality of life. Air pollutants are increasingly recognized as risk factors for diseases, while the relationship between the two remains to be elucidated. This study investigated whether exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the development of sarcopenia.

Early Weight-bearing Rehabilitation Protocol After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the common sports injuries. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the mainstream treatment for ACL injury, aiming to regain normal anatomical structure and stability of the knee joint and promote the patient's return to sports. Under the guidance of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, early weight-bearing rehabilitation (EWB) is an important factor affecting patient function and quality of life.

Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition as a Potential Origin for Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis After Injury via Complement System Activation.

Background: Acute skeletal muscle injury is common in sports. The injured muscle cannot fully recover due to fibrosis resulting from myofibroblasts. Understanding the origin of fibroblasts is, therefore, important for the development of anti-fibrotic therapies.

Anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint is oblong-ovate, triangular, or two-tears shaped in healthy young adults: three-dimensional MRI analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral footprint with three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) in healthy knees.

Methods: Fifty subjects with healthy knees were recruited, utilising 3D-SPACE sequences for ACL evaluation. The ACL was manually segmented, and the shape, size and location of the ACL femoral footprint were evaluated on a reformatted oblique-sagittal plane, which aligned closely with the ACL attachment.

Ageing of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix and mitochondria: finding a potential link.

To discuss the progress of extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristics, mitochondrial homeostasis, and their potential crosstalk in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by a generalized and progressive reduction in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. This review focuses on the anatomy and physiology of skeletal muscle, alterations of ECM and mitochondria during ageing, and the role of the interplay between ECM and mitochondria in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Emerging evidence points to a clear interplay between mitochondria and ECM in various tissues and organs.

Arthroscopic Repair for the Anterior Horn of the Lateral Meniscus With Suture Anchor.

The anterior horn tear of the lateral meniscus, often accompanied with local parameniscal cysts, is usually managed by cysts debridement and meniscus repair with the outside-in technique (OIT). However, a big gap between the meniscus and anterior capsule would be produced after cysts debridement and be difficult to be closed by the OIT. Or, the OIT would result in knee pain because of the overly tight knots.

Advancements in Sports Medicine.

Sports medicine has developed rapidly in recent years [...