Ferroptosis: a key driver and therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory lung condition often triggered by infections or sepsis, characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, and impaired gas exchange. Despite advances in supportive care, ARDS continues to have a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of ARDS involves an exaggerated immune response leading to tissue damage and inflammation.

Improving Performance of Quasi-2D Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes by Solvent Atmospheric Post-Treatment.

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, with green-emitting PeLEDs now exhibiting external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) exceeding 30%, rivaling those of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). While quasi-2D perovskite structures have emerged as a promising strategy for high-efficiency PeLEDs─owing to their enhanced exciton binding energies and charge carrier confinement─their phase distribution remains a critical yet challenging factor governing device performance. In this study, we demonstrate that the phase distribution in quasi-2D perovskite films is highly sensitive to the solvent atmosphere during annealing.

Ultrapure and efficient electroluminescence in alkali metal doped inorganic perovskite quantum wires arrays.

Alkali metal doping has been widely utilized to regulate metal halide perovskites and improve their luminescence performance. However, due to the discordant tolerance factor caused by the smaller size of potassium and rubidium ions, it is still debatable whether they can be incorporated in the cesium perovskite crystal lattice. Here we provide unambiguous evidence for the formation of Rb and K substitutionally doped stable perovskite cubic crystal structure in the form of quantum wires embedded in nanoporous alumina template.

Pyroptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis.

ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) and PF (pulmonary fibrosis) are severe pulmonary conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the pyroptosis, a lytic, pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death, as a central mechanism linking these two pathologies. We address how inflammasome activation stimulates the pyroptosis initiation and subsequently releases a cascade of inflammatory cytokines that drive the acute lung injury of ARDS.

Bilayer hydrogel microneedles with mild photothermal effect promote infectious skin regeneration.

The misuse of antibiotics and the development of bacterial resistance remain "bottlenecks" in the treatment of infected wounds. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a new type of non-invasive treatment technology; as the temperature increases, the survival rate of bacteria decreases. When the photothermal temperature rises approximately or over 50 °C, it may cause irreversible damage to normal tissues, which is detrimental to collagen deposition and blood vessel formation, and even affects the healing effect.

The immune tolerance role of Bregs in inhibiting human inflammatory diseases, with a focus on diabetes mellitus.

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are pivotal modulators of immune tolerance, suppressing inflammation through cytokine secretion and cellular interactions. Their role is particularly significant in inflammatory diseases such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM), where immune dysregulation contributes to disease progression. In T1DM, Bregs mitigate β-cell autoimmunity via IL-10 production and FOXP3-mediated pathways, but genetic mutations and dysfunctions in these mechanisms exacerbate autoimmunity.

Regulatory B cells, the key regulator to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation.

In solid organ transplantation, especially renal transplantation, for the induction of immune tolerance, accumulating evidence has revealed that Regulatory B cells (Breg) play a crucial role in stimulating immune tolerance, alleviating immune responses, and improving graft survival. We describe the heterogeneous nature of Bregs, focusing on their defining surface markers and regulatory functions. Meanwhile, the major cytokine secretion function and the correlation between Breg and Treg or other immune checkpoints to balance the immune responses are addressed.

Charge Polarization Tunable Interfaces for Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

Interfacial localized charges and interfacial losses from incompatible underlayers are critical factors limiting the efficiency improvement and market-integration of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a novel interfacial chemical tuning strategy is proposed involving proton transfer between the amine head of pyridoxamine (PM) and the phosphonic acid anchoring group of [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), with simultaneous enhancement of charge delocalization through electrostatic attraction between opposite charged molecules. The Me-4PACz-PM charge polarization interface modulates the nickel oxide (NiO) charge states and the coordination environment at buried interfaces, consequently enhancing p-type conductivity and obtaining a more compatible band arrangement.

Photothermal sensitive nanocomposite hydrogel for infectious bone defects.

Infectious bone defects represent a substantial challenge in clinical practice, necessitating the deployment of advanced therapeutic strategies. This study presents a treatment modality that merges a mild photothermal therapy hydrogel with a pulsed drug delivery mechanism. The system is predicated on a hydrogel matrix that is thermally responsive, characteristic of bone defect sites, facilitating controlled and site-specific drug release.

Edge advances in nanodrug therapies for osteoarthritis treatment.

As global population and lifestyles change, osteoarthritis (OA) is becoming a major healthcare challenge world. OA, a chronic condition characterized by inflammatory and degeneration, often present with joint pain and can lead to irreversible disability. While there is currently no cure for OA, it is commonly managed using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, and glucosamine.

Development of a novel hyaluronic acid/alginate/RANKL degradable microneedle patch for accelerating bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement through promoting osteoclastogenesis.

The prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment remains a significant concern for both orthodontists and patients. In this study, we developed a degradable microneedle (MN) patch composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA) for the delivery of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) to accelerate tooth movement. This MN patch that was crosslinked by calcium chloride (CaCl) exhibited adequate mechanical properties and favorable in vitro mucosal insertion ability.

Nanofiber Space-Confined Fabrication of High-Performance Perovskite Films for Flexible Conversion of Fluorescence Quantum Yields in LED Applications.

Perovskite is an advanced optoelectronic semiconductor material that has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, its drawback lies in its environmental instability, limiting its practical applications. To tackle this issue, this research delved into the idea of creating a space-confined structure and used electrospinning to produce a film of perovskite nanocomposite fibers.

Exploring the efficacy of laser speckle contrast imaging in the stratified diagnosis of rosacea: a quantitative analysis of facial blood flow dynamics across varied regions.

Background: Rosacea has a high incidence, significantly impacts quality of life, and lacks sufficient diagnostic techniques. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) for measuring facial blood perfusion in patients with rosacea and to identify differences in blood flow among various facial regions associated with different rosacea subtypes.

Methods: From June to December 2023, 45 patients were recruited, with 9 excluded, leaving 36 subjects: 12 with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), 12 with papulopustular rosacea (PPR), and 12 healthy controls.

Tailoring component incorporation for homogenized perovskite solar cells.

Deep-level traps at the buried interface of perovskite and energy mismatch problems between the perovskite layer and heterogeneous interfaces restrict the development of ideal homogenized films and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using the one-step spin-coating method. Here, we strategically employed sparingly soluble germanium iodide as a homogenized bulk in-situ reconstruction inducing material preferentially aggregated at the perovskite buried interface with gradient doping, markedly reducing deep-level traps and withstanding local lattice strain, while minimizing non-radiative recombination losses and enhancing the charge carrier lifetime over 9 µs. Furthermore, this gradient doping assisted in modifying the band diagram at the buried interface into a desirable flattened alignment, substantially mitigating the energy loss of charge carriers within perovskite films and improving the carrier extraction equilibrium.

Achieving Near-Unity Red Light Photoluminescence in Antimony Halide Crystals via Polyhedron Regulation.

Exploration of efficient red emitting antimony hybrid halide with large Stokes shift and zero self-absorption is highly desirable due to its enormous potential for applications in solid light emitting, and active optical waveguides. However, it is still challenging and rarely reported. Herein, a series of (TMS)SbCl (TMS=triphenylsulfonium cation) crystals have been prepared with diverse [SbCl] configurations and distinctive emission color.

Photothermal hydrogels for infection control and tissue regeneration.

In this review, we report investigating photothermal hydrogels, innovative biomedical materials designed for infection control and tissue regeneration. These hydrogels exhibit responsiveness to near-infrared (NIR) stimulation, altering their structure and properties, which is pivotal for medical applications. Photothermal hydrogels have emerged as a significant advancement in medical materials, harnessing photothermal agents (PTAs) to respond to NIR light.

Advances and Trends of Photoresponsive Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering.

The development of static hydrogels as an optimal choice for bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains a difficult challenge primarily due to the intricate nature of bone healing processes, continuous physiological functions, and pathological changes. Hence, there is an urgent need to exploit smart hydrogels with programmable properties that can effectively enhance bone regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that photoresponsive hydrogels are promising bioscaffolds for BTE due to their advantages such as controlled drug release, cell fate modulation, and the photothermal effect.

Intermediate Phase Suppression with Long Chain Diammonium Alkane for High Performance Wide-Bandgap and Tandem Perovskite Solar Cells.

Wide bandgap (WBG) perovskite can construct tandem cells with narrow bandgap solar cells by adjusting the band gap to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limitation of single junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, WBG perovskites still suffer from severe nonradiative carrier recombination and large open-circuit voltage loss. Here, this work uses an in situ photoluminescence (PL) measurement to monitor the intermediate phase evolution and crystallization process via blade coating.

ALDH2 is a novel biomarker and exerts an inhibitory effect on melanoma.

Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor. This study aimed to explore and assess the effect of novel biomarkers on the progression of melanoma. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from GSE3189 and GSE46517 datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus database using GEO2R.

Biodegradable Nanoflowers with Abaloparatide Spatiotemporal Management of Functional Alveolar Bone Regeneration.

Post-extraction alveolar bone atrophy greatly hinders the subsequent orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) or implant placement. In this study, we synthesized biodegradable bifunctional bioactive calcium phosphorus nanoflowers (NFs) loaded with abaloparatide (ABL), namely ABL@NFs, to achieve spatiotemporal management for alveolar bone regeneration. The NFs exhibited a porous hierarchical structure, high drug encapsulation efficacy, and desirable biocompatibility.