Increasing lipid accumulation in Chlamydomonas by serial knocking out of DYRKP1 kinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.

Microalgae are promising sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel production. Among the primary carbon reservoirs in microalgae, starch and lipids are the main targets for metabolic engineering aimed at enhancing productivity. Redirecting carbon flux from starch toward lipid biosynthesis has been considered an effective strategy to improve lipid yield, and manipulating upstream regulators may allow broader control over metabolic networks.

Evaluation of Reactogenicity and Neutralizing Antibody Responses 6 Months Post-Vaccination with Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccine.

The association between reactogenicity and long-term immunogenicity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remains unclear. This study investigated whether adverse reactions to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccines correlate with neutralizing antibody responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection-naïve healthcare workers. Blood samples were collected at three time points to measure neutralizing antibodies.

Randomized, phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus capecitabine adjuvant therapy compared to capecitabine monotherapy for triple receptor-negative breast cancer with residual invasive cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (MIRINAE trial, KCSG-BR18-21).

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis, especially in patients with residual disease post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This phase II MIRINAE trial (KCSG-BR18-21) evaluates the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab combined with capecitabine versus capecitabine monotherapy as adjuvant treatment in TNBC patients with residual invasive cancer. The primary endpoint is the 5-year invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) rate.

High-resolution Chromosomal Microarray with Diagnostic Potential for Detecting Exon-level Copy Number Variations Using Targeted and Non-targeted Approaches.

Background: Copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in human genetic disorders. Detection of exon-level CNVs is crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis. The CytoScan XON Array, a high-resolution microarray, was recently developed to detect exonic CNVs of various genes.

Effects of combined temperature and salinity on growth and fatty acid content of two Korean isolates of Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyceae).

Two Korean strains of Akashiwo sanguinea (LMBE-V203 and LMBE-V287) were established, and their morphologies and molecular phylogenies were examined. In addition, the effects of combined temperature and salinity on their growth and fatty acid contents were examined to evaluate the value as potential source for commercial application. Morphological observations indicated that there were no critical differences in the morphologies of both isolates, and molecular phylogeny based on LSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two isolates are nested within ribotype A of A.

Prevalence of germline pathogenic variants in unselected Korean patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a nationwide prospective study (KCSG BR19-10).

Background: Assessment of germline (g) status is recommended for all patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to identify candidates for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy, which is not always possible in clinical practice due to limited testing resources. In this study, we investigate the cross-sectional prevalence of g pathogenic variant (PV) carriers in unselected Korean patients with HER2-negative MBC.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with HER2-negative metastatic BC receiving palliative systemic treatment were eligible for inclusion in the study.

Prognostic value of FDG PET/CT in de novo stage IV breast cancer patients treated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors.

Background: De novo stage IV breast cancer presents a significant challenge due to its advanced nature and poor prognosis. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy have emerged as effective treatments for hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancers. However, predicting patient responses remains difficult.

Lucky case of pinch-off syndrome combined with colloid adenocarcinoma of the lung.

We report a case of a colloid adenocarcinoma in the left lower lobe in a 59-year-old female. The fractured chemoport catheter fragment, which was inserted 10 years ago for gastric cancer chemotherapy, was embedded in left superior segmental pulmonary artery. The patient underwent left lower lobectomy with resection margins and all lymph nodes free of tumor through uniportal video assisted thoracic surgery.

Impact of High Lymph Node Burden on Brain Metastases in Patients Who Achieved Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of brain metastases in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients who achieved pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This research seeks to inform surveillance strategies and optimize management for high-risk subgroups.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,757 patients (2008-2022) classified them into pCR (n=914) and non-pCR (n=843) groups post-NAC.

Multi-level association rule mining and network pharmacology to identify the polypharmacological effects of herbal materials and compounds in traditional medicine.

Many cultures worldwide have widely used traditional medicine (TM) to prevent or treat diseases. Herbal materials and their compounds used in TM offer many advantages for drug discovery, including cost-effectiveness, fewer side effects, and improved metabolism. However, the multi-compound and multi-target characteristics of TM prescriptions complicate drug discovery; meanwhile, previous studies have been limited by a lack of high-quality data, complex interpretation, and/or narrow analytical ranges.

Moving Rubber Blade (MRB) for Fouling Control in Anaerobic Ceramic Membrane Bioreactors (AnCMBRs) Treating High-Strength Food Wastewater: Development and Long-Term Application.

This study investigates membrane fouling control in a submerged anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor (AnCMBR) treating high-strength food wastewater (chemical oxygen demand (COD): 10-30 g/L). A hybrid strategy combining mechanical cleaning via a moving rubber blade (MRB) (termed anaerobic ceramic blade MBR (AnCBMBR)) with intermittent salt-assisted backwash (SAB) was tested to manage transmembrane pressure (TMP) and sustain treatment performance. During more than 300 days of field operation, MRB alone maintained stable TMP below 0.

Plasma biomarkers for monitoring muscle function and physical performance decline in older adults: A 2-year longitudinal study.

Background: Reliable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring sarcopenia remain limited, especially those reflecting longitudinal changes in muscle health. This study aimed to evaluate associations between plasma biomarkers and both cross-sectional and 2-year longitudinal changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older adults.

Methods: We analyzed plasma biomarkers in 93 participants (mean age: 74.

Spatial and genomic profiling of residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy unveil divergent fates for each breast cancer subtype.

Residual cancer burden (RCB) is a strong prognostic marker after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC), yet some BCs defy their predicted outcomes. Using single-cell spatial transcriptomics and genomic profiling, we investigate mechanisms underlying divergent fates of BCs with high RCB across subtypes. In triple-negative BC (TNBC), CXCL9+ macrophage-CD8 T cell interactions via chemokines and interferon-gamma signaling promote favorable outcomes, while SPP1+ macrophage-cancer cell interactions driven by hypoxia signaling correlate with poor prognosis.

Modifying microbially derived short chain fatty acids to promote health.

The intestinal mucosa has evolved to facilitate interactions between the host and the constellation of intestinal microbes, collectively termed the microbiota. A well-orchestrated balance exists in the healthy mucosa where microbes and microbial products first encounter a barrier formed by a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). This homeostasis exists at a harsh interface between the highly vascularized mucosa and the anaerobic intestinal lumen.

Biportal endoscopic multisegment decompression laminectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective: This case series introduces a modified biportal endoscopic technique for treating multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and evaluates midterm clinical and radiological outcomes.

Methods: Biportal endoscopic decompression laminectomy using the spinous process floating technique was performed on patients with multilevel CSM. Radiographic measurements, including the C2-7 Cobb angle, range of motion, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dural sac and extensor muscles, were assessed preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively.

Combined Biomarkers for Prediction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Patients With Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with few available targeted therapies. In this study, we examined the predictive power of several biomarkers, comprising the IMmunotherapy Against GastrIc Cancer (IMAGiC) model, PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS), intra-tumoral tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs), and stromal TILs (sTILs), in an Asian population of patients with metastatic TNBC treated with immunotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-one metastatic TNBC patients receiving immunotherapy were analyzed.

Nationwide real-world practice pattern and clinical data of palbociclib in HR (+), HER2 (-) metastatic breast cancer patients in Korea (KCSG BR21-15).

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have remarkably improved the survival outcome in hormone-receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor-2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Although PALOMA-2 has met its primary outcome, overall survival (OS) was relatively shorter compared to ribociclib and abemaciclib. In Korea, use of palbociclib + aromatase inhibitor (AI) + gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in premenopausal women is limited, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is necessary before treatment.

TAL1 overexpression in induced pluripotent stem cells promotes the formation of hematopoietic cell-forming complexes but inhibits enucleation .

The generation of human red blood cells (RBCs) from stem cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), holds promise for transfusable RBCs but faces challenges, including RBC maturation, enucleation, and large-scale production. In this study, we evaluated the effect of conditional TAL1 overexpression on RBC production via hematopoietic cell-forming complex (HCFC) formation from iPSCs because is a key regulatory transcription factor essential for erythropoiesis. overexpression in iPSCs, either before or after hematopoietic induction, significantly enhanced HCFC formation and hematopoietic differentiation, as evidenced by increased hematopoiesis-related gene expression, a higher yield of glycophorin A (GPA)+/CD71+ cells, and elevated gamma hemoglobin levels.

Deep learning-based image classification and quantification models for tablet sticking.

Sticking can significantly affect drug product quality, manufacturing efficiency, and therapeutic efficacy in pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing. This study presents a novel integrated model with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based features combined with a support vector machine to classify and quantify tablet sticking. The classification model was developed and evaluated using CNN architectures, including AlexNet, VGG 16, ResNet 50, and GoogLeNet.

Optimizing urban green spaces using a decision-support model for carbon sequestration and ecological connectivity.

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are vital for enhancing urban ecological health and resident well-being. However, their diverse functions need to be balanced based on spatial limitations and varying stakeholder preferences. Integrated planning approaches are needed to exploit the multiple benefits of UGSs.

Efficient n- and p-Type Molecular Dopings in Large-Scale Monolayer Dichalcogenides for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors.

Doping engineering has been actively investigated for two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to enhance their electrical behavior, particularly for use in field-effect transistors (FETs). Here, we propose unprecedented redox-active n-type and p-type dopants, naphthalene and WCl, respectively, for large-scale monolayer MoS films synthesized via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition using a NaS promoter. These molecular dopants were selected based on their high redox potentials versus the reference ferrocene, which facilitated the ionization of the dopants via charge transfer.

Photosynthetic acclimation of crassulacean acid metabolism orchid Phalaenopsis in response to light level.

Phalaenopsis orchids exhibit remarkable photosynthetic plasticity, enabling them to effectively acclimate crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to a wide range of light levels. Herein, the photosynthetic acclimation of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer 'Mantefon' was examined under different light intensities. Phalaenopsis clones grown under a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 µmol m s were subjected to different light intensities of 10, 50, 100, and 200 µmol m s for either one day or two months of modified light levels, and their chlorophyll fluorescence response and CO exchange rate were observed.