Design and evaluation of next-generation HIV genotyping for detection of resistance mutations to 28 antiretroviral drugs across five major classes including lenacapavir.

Background: The emergence and spread of HIV drug-resistant strains present a major barrier to effective lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The anticipated rise in long-acting subcutaneous lenacapavir (LEN) use, along with the increased risk of transmitted resistance and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)-associated resistance, underscores the urgent need for advanced genotyping methods to enhance clinical care and prevention strategies.

Methods: We developed the Portable HIV Genotyping (PHG) platform which combines cost-effective next-generation sequencing with cloud computing to screen for resistance to 28 antiretroviral drugs across five major classes, including LEN.

Opposing regulation of the K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIPK3 by SMURF1 and USP5 in necroptosis.

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a key regulator of necroptosis, is modulated by ubiquitination through various E3 ligases and deubiquitinases. However, the effects of different polyubiquitination processes on RIPK3 and necroptosis remain unclear. Using a proteomic approach, we identify SMAD Ubiquitination Regulatory Factor 1 (SMURF1) and Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) as crucial regulators of RIPK3 within the necrosome during necroptosis.

Elucidating Interactome Dynamics of the A2A Adenosine Receptor in the Presence of Polydeoxyribonucleotide.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a tissue regeneration substance that resembles human DNA and is present in mammalian cells. It stimulates physiological regeneration and metabolic activity, and the effects of PDRN are attributed to the activation of Adenosine A2A receptors (ADORA2A). Several previous studies have demonstrated that PDRN activates ADORA2A, which has been shown with various models including rat fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model, resulting in the upregulation of angiogenesis and growth factor.

Mirodenafil improves cognitive function by reducing microglial activation and blood-brain barrier permeability in ApoE4 KI mice.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has significant public health concerns in the aging society. AD can compromise brain function and lead to severe neurological abnormalities associated with dementia. The human Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) gene is a strong risk factor for AD.

Eight-Year Trends in Megestrol Acetate Prescription Among Korean Patients with Biliary-Pancreatic Cancer and Their Impact.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced anorexia and cachexia are significant challenges for patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Megestrol acetate (MA), used to manage anorexia, has side effects and may trigger prescription cascades in cancer treatment. This study analyzed MA prescription trends and associated effects in BTC or PDAC patients.

Nationwide real-world practice pattern and clinical data of palbociclib in HR (+), HER2 (-) metastatic breast cancer patients in Korea (KCSG BR21-15).

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have remarkably improved the survival outcome in hormone-receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor-2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Although PALOMA-2 has met its primary outcome, overall survival (OS) was relatively shorter compared to ribociclib and abemaciclib. In Korea, use of palbociclib + aromatase inhibitor (AI) + gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in premenopausal women is limited, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is necessary before treatment.

Real-World Study of Systemic Treatment after First-Line Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asia-Pacific Countries.

Introduction: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is a commonly used first-line regimen for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment owing to its superior outcomes compared to sorafenib. However, optimal subsequent treatment options for patients with HCC who progressed on first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab remain unclear.

Methods: This multinational, multi-institutional, retrospective study included patients with HCC from 22 centers in five Asia-Pacific countries who were treated with first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, which was discontinued for any reason.

Establishment and Characterization of OFT and OFO Cell Lines from Olive Flounder () for Use as Feeder Cells.

Olive flounder () is a commercially important fish species in Japan, China, and the Republic of Korea. Despite numerous attempts to improve productivity, there have been no studies of in vitro germline stem cell (GSC) culture in this species. Here, olive flounder testicular and ovarian cell lines (OFT and OFO, respectively) were established and characterized.

Recent 5‑year trends in biliary tract cancer survival rates: An analytical big data survey.

Biliary tract cancer (BTC), also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a relatively rare type of cancer with a poor prognosis. Despite the combination of chemotherapy and advances in targeted therapy, which have potentially improved the prognosis of patients with BTC, research on outcomes remains inadequate. The present study thus analyzed the survival trends of patients with BTC.

Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Gene Signature for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based approach to identify prognostic gene signatures for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using next-generation sequencing data from Asian populations.

Materials And Methods: We utilized next-generation sequencing data to analyze gene expression profiles and identify potential biomarkers. Our methodology involved integrating various machine learning techniques, including feature selection and model optimization.

Transcriptomic analysis of cellular senescence induced by ectopic expression of ATF6α in human breast cancer cells.

Background: The transcriptomic profile of cellular senescence is strongly associated with distinct cell types, the specific stressors triggering senescence, and temporal progression through senescence stages. This implies the potential necessity of conducting separate investigations for each cell type and a stressor inducing senescence. To elucidate the molecular mechanism that drives endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cellular senescence in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with a particular emphasis on the ATF6α branch of the unfolded protein response.

The effect of aroma lymphatic tressage on taxane-induced lower-extremity edema in breast cancer patients.

Background: Taxanes are effective chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer care, but adverse effects pose a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Taxane-induced fluid retention and lower-extremity edema are two of the important dose-limiting toxicity and result in decreased quality of life (QoL). However, there is no standard of care to alleviate the symptoms.

Investigating miR-6880-5p in extracellular vesicle from plasma as a prognostic biomarker in endocrine therapy-treated castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have progressed considerably, but a new biomarker that combines existing clinical and pathological data could be useful for a more precise diagnosis and prognosis. Some investigations have found that extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs play crucial roles in various types of malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to explore EV miRNA and identify its biologic function as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC.

Molecular characterization, expression profiling, and functional analysis of prohibitin 1 in red seabream, Pagrus major.

Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) is ubiquitously expressed in multiple compartments within cells and is involved in the cell cycle, cell signaling, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, and mitochondrial biogenesis at the cellular level and in the inflammation-associated and immunological functions of B and T lymphocytes. PHB1 is an important protein that performs antioxidant regulation and immune functions inside and outside cells but has not been sufficiently studied in teleost fish. Our study aimed to elucidate the functional properties and gain new insights into the biological processes and immune system of red seabream (Pagrus major), a commercially important fish cultured in South Korea and East Asia.

sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the gut content of .

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated as YPD9-1, was isolated from the gut contents of a spotty belly greenling, , collected near Dokdo island, South Korea. The rod-shaped cells were oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C, iso-C, C, iso-C and iso-C.

Synthesis of Room Temperature Curable Polymer Binder Mixed with Polymethyl Methacrylate and Urethane Acrylate for High-Strength and Improved Transparency.

Urethane acrylate (UA) was synthesized from various di-polyols, such as poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTMG, Mn = 1000), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mn = 1000), and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG, Mn = 1000), for use as a polymer binder for paint. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and UA were blended to form an acrylic resin with high transmittance and stress-strain curve. When PMMA was blended with UA, a network structure was formed due to physical entanglement between the two polymers, increasing the mechanical properties.

Association Between Muscle Growth and Transcription of a Mutant MSTN Gene in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Myostatin (MSTN, also known as growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8)), a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth. However, it is also expressed in a wide range of tissues in fish and thus may have more diverse roles in this group than in mammals. In this study, we assessed the genome-wide transcriptional expression pattern associated with the CRISPR/Cas9-mutated MSTN gene in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in association with changes in cell proliferation and transportation processes.