Anisotropic Magneto-Optical Raman Response Coupled with Magnetic Ordering in an A-Type Antiferromagnet.

Magneto-optical effects serve as powerful tools for probing magnetic order and spin-related couplings, yet anisotropic spin-phonon coupling in low-dimensional systems remains underexplored. Here, we uncover an anisotropic magneto-optical Raman response in the A-type van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr, where intrinsic lattice anisotropy and quasi-one-dimensional magnetism enable anisotropic spin-phonon interactions. Using polarization- and angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy, we identify that the ratio |/| of the mode's Raman tensor elements undergoes a dramatic change across the Néel temperature, serving as a hallmark of the paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition.

Tetracycline changes the microbial assembly of Hyphantria cunea and reduces its fitness.

The strong environmental adaptability of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea is closely linked to its internal microbiota. However, with the widespread usage and environmental residuals of antibiotics, their effects on the microbiome and fitness of H. cunea remain unknown.

Mechanistic insight into sp-hybridized carbon-induced dual electronic 'push effect' in Pt/graphdiyne/graphene for boosting oxidase-like activity.

Efficient oxidase-mediated oxidation is pivotal for environmental remediation and energy conversion application, yet natural enzymes require artificial alternatives due to inherent instability. Cofactors are essential in natural oxidase catalysis, interacting with the active centre to induce an electronic 'push effect' that propels the catalytic process. While efforts to mimic cofactors in nanozyme often involve sophisticated designs and complex synthesis.

Alkali-Induced Hydrolysis Facilitates the Encapsulation of Curcumin by Fish ( L.) Scale Gelatin.

Curcumin-loaded alkali-induced fish scale gelatin (AFSG) was fabricated to evaluate its efficacy as a potential carrier for hydrophobic nutrients. In this study, the effect of the alkali hydrolysis period on the AFSG hydrolysate structure and corresponding curcumin loading efficiency have been elucidated. Results showed that alkali-induced degradation of gelatin yields different polymers with molecular weights () from 19319 to 3881 Da.

Modification of walnut shell lignin nanoparticles through deep eutectic solvent for application in active food packaging films.

The depletion and polluting nature of fossil fuels, coupled with the threat to human health posed by microplastics generated from plastic packaging, have underscored the significance of renewable resources in addressing environmental degradation. Among these, biomass has emerged as a prominent contender. The complex molecular structure of lignocellulose and limitations of conventional pretreatments hinder its efficient utilization.

The influence of pH and calcium ions on the gelation of low methoxy pectin from potato.

In this study, pectin was extracted from potato with the hydrolysis of cellulose, as well as its acid-induced and Ca-induced gelation behavior was investigated, too. The gelation process of unhydrolyzed pectin might be used as a model for studying the gelation behavior and characteristic of pectin within the cell wall. The results showed that potato pectin solution (3%) could form a gel state at a minimal concentration of 0.

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis respond to drought in tiger nut.

Tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) have emerged as a novel oil crop, being utilized as raw materials for obtaining industrial ink. Drought is a serious stress that significantly affects the entire plant and reduces its yield. The seedling stage is crucial as it determines the future growth and yield.

T cell related osteoimmunology in fracture healing: Potential targets for augmenting bone regeneration.

Unlabelled: Last decade has witnessed increasing evidence which highlights the roles of immune cells in bone regeneration. Numerous immune cell types, including macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils are involved in fracture healing by orchestrating a series of events that modulate bone formation and remodeling. In this review, the role of T cell immunity in fracture healing has been summarized, and the modulatory effects of T cell immunity in inflammation, bone formation and remodeling have been highlighted.

Construction of fish scale (Cyprinus carpio L.) gelatin-fatty acid conjugate for loading curcumin: Effect of alkyl chain length on the interaction and stability.

A fish scale (FS) gelatin-fatty acid conjugate (GFC) with alkyl chain lengths of 8-18 was constructed to increase the aqueous solubility of curcumin. The effect of alkyl chain length on the interaction between GFC and curcumin was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The surface hydrophobicity (from 4987 ± 223.

sp Carbon Disrupting Axial Symmetry of Local Electric Field for Biomimetic Construction of Three-Dimensional Geometric and Electronic Structure in Nanozyme for Sensing and Microplastic Degradation.

The catalytic efficiency of natural enzymes depends on the precise electronic interactions between active centers and cofactors within a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) attempt to mimic this structure by modifying metal active sites with molecular ligands. However, SAzymes struggle to match the catalytic efficiency of natural enzymes due to constraints in active site proximity, quantity, and the inability to simulate electron transfer processes driven by internal electronic structures of natural enzymes.

Chemical tools to expand the ligandable proteome: Diversity-oriented synthesis-based photoreactive stereoprobes.

Chemical proteomics enables the global analysis of small molecule-protein interactions in native biological systems and has emerged as a versatile approach for ligand discovery. The range of small molecules explored by chemical proteomics has, however, remained limited. Here, we describe a diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS)-inspired library of stereochemically defined compounds bearing diazirine and alkyne units for UV light-induced covalent modification and click chemistry enrichment of interacting proteins, respectively.

An improved framework for quantifying the contribution of climatic and anthropogenic factors to vegetation dynamics - A case study of China.

Accurately quantifying the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on vegetation change is critical for developing and evaluating ecological management strategies. However, most presented studies typically ignore the climate temporal effects and assume that all pixels are affected by both climate change (CC) and human activities (HA), which often introduce uncertainties. In this study, Leaf area index (LAI), temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and land cover data from 1982 to 2020 were used to detect and attribute vegetation dynamics in China.

Cooling benefits from urban planting depend on local background canopy cover: A continental cross-city comparison.

Numerous studies have shown that the cooling efficiency (CE) of urban trees varies by cities with different climate backgrounds, and recent research further indicated that there may be large within-city variations in CE. However, how such within-city variations differ across cities, and their relations to the local percent of urban tree canopy (Ptree) remain poorly understood. This study aims to fill this gap based on a comparison study across 118 cities with different biomes and climates in the continental USA.

Reactive Oxygen Species Generated in Situ During Carbamazepine Photodegradation at 222 nm Far-UVC: Unexpected Role of HO Molecules.

When 222 nm far-UVC is used to drive AOPs, photolysis emerges as a critical pathway for the degradation of numerous organic micropollutants (OMPs). However, the photodegradation mechanisms of the asymmetrically polarized OMPs at 222 nm remain unclear, potentially posing a knowledge barrier to the applications of far-UVC. This study selected carbamazepine (CBZ), a prevalent aquatic antiepileptic drug that degrades negligibly at 254 nm, to investigate its photodegradation mechanisms at 222 nm.

Nitrate Enhanced Sulfamethoxazole Degradation by 222 nm Far-UVC Irradiation: Role of Reactive Nitrogen Species.

The application of 222 nm far-UVC irradiation for degrading organic micropollutants in water shows promise. Nitrate (NO), found in nearly all water bodies, can significantly impact the performance of 222 nm far-UVC-driven systems. This work was the first to investigate the effect of NO on sulfamethoxazole (SMX) photodegradation at 222 nm, finding that NO significantly enhances SMX degradation in different dissociated forms.

Facial micro-expression recognition based on motion magnification network and graph attention mechanism.

Micro-expression is extensively studied due to their ability to fully reflect individuals' genuine emotions. However, accurate micro-expression recognition is a challenging task due to the subtle motion of facial muscle. Therefore, this paper introduces a Graph Attention Mechanism-based Motion Magnification Guided Micro-Expression Recognition Network (GAM-MM-MER) to amplify delicate muscle motions and focus on key facial landmarks.

Large field-of-view pine wilt disease tree detection based on improved YOLO v4 model with UAV images.

Introduction: Pine wilt disease spreads rapidly, leading to the death of a large number of pine trees. Exploring the corresponding prevention and control measures for different stages of pine wilt disease is of great significance for its prevention and control.

Methods: To address the issue of rapid detection of pine wilt in a large field of view, we used a drone to collect multiple sets of diseased tree samples at different times of the year, which made the model trained by deep learning more generalizable.

Differential transcriptome study on the damage of testicular tissues caused by chronic infection of T. gondii in mice.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that is widely distributed in humans and warm-blooded animals. T. gondii chronic infections can cause toxoplasmic encephalopathy, adverse pregnancy, and male reproductive disorders.

Epidemiological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms in Beijing: a population-based retrospective study.

Background: The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is rising rapidly worldwide. However, there are few reports on these heterogeneous diseases in China. Our study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of NENs in Beijing.

Efficacy and safety of first-line chemotherapies for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Systemic chemotherapy is the primary treatment, but direct comparisons of different regimens are limited. This study conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy and safety of various chemotherapy regimens, with the unique advantage of only including Phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Deciphering the epidemiological dynamics: seroprevalence in mainland China's food animals, 2010-2023.

Background: () is a significant protozoan pathogen among food animals. Despite the threat to public health by infections, there's limited understanding of its seroprevalence and trends in food animals across mainland China. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of infections among swine, sheep, goats, chickens, and cattle in mainland China from 2010 to 2023.

Climate, litter quality and radiation duration jointly regulate the net effect of UV radiation on litter decomposition.

Photodegradation via ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important factor driving plant litter decomposition. Despite increasing attention to the role of UV photodegradation in litter decomposition, the specific impact of UV radiation on the plant litter decomposition stage within biogeochemical cycles remains unclear at regional and global scales. To clarify the variation rules of magnitude of UV effect on plant litter decomposition and their regulatory factors, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 54 published papers.

Proteomic Ligandability Maps of Spirocycle Acrylamide Stereoprobes Identify Covalent ERCC3 Degraders.

Covalent chemistry coupled with activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) offers a versatile way to discover ligands for proteins in native biological systems. Here, we describe a set of stereo- and regiochemically defined spirocycle acrylamides and the analysis of these electrophilic "stereoprobes" in human cancer cells by cysteine-directed ABPP. Despite showing attenuated reactivity compared to structurally related azetidine acrylamide stereoprobes, the spirocycle acrylamides preferentially liganded specific cysteines on diverse protein classes.

Chemical tools to expand the ligandable proteome: diversity-oriented synthesis-based photoreactive stereoprobes.

Chemical proteomics enables the global assessment of small molecule-protein interactions in native biological systems and has emerged as a versatile approach for ligand discovery. The range of small molecules explored by chemical proteomics has, however, been limited. Here, we describe a diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS)-inspired library of stereochemically-defined compounds bearing diazirine and alkyne units for UV light-induced covalent modification and click chemistry enrichment of interacting proteins, respectively.