[Integration and innovation of wet granulation and continuous manufacturing technology: a review of on-line detection, modeling, and process scale-up].

Continuous manufacturing, as an innovative pharmaceutical production model, offers advantages such as high production efficiency and ease of control compared to traditional batch production, aligning with the future trend of drug production moving toward greater efficiency and intelligence. However, the development of continuous manufacturing technology in wet granulation has been slow. On one hand, this is closely related to its high technical complexity, substantial equipment investment costs, and stringent process control requirements.

Molecular strategies of the pygmy grasshopper Eucriotettix oculatus adapting to long-term heavy metal pollution.

To study the heavy metal accumulation and its impact on insect exterior and chromosome morphology, and reveal the molecular mechanism of insects adapting to long-term heavy metal compound pollution habitats, this study, in the Diaojiang river basin, which has been polluted by heavy metals(HMs) for nearly a thousand years, two Eucriotettix oculatus populations was collected from mining and non-mining areas. It was found that the contents of 7 heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, Sb) in E. oculatus of the mining area were higher than that in the non-mining 1-11 times.

Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry Calculations of Gas-Phase TaSi̅ and TaSi̅ Clusters: Structural Determination, Bonding Characteristics, and Multiplicity of Structural Forms.

This study explores the structures and chemical bonding properties of TaSi̅ and TaSi̅ clusters by employing anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical computations. Utilizing CALYPSO and ABCluster programs for initial structure prediction, B3LYP hybrid functional for optimization, and CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPPD level for energy calculations, the research identifies the most stable isomers of these clusters. Key findings include the identification of two coexisting low-energy isomers for TaSi̅, exhibiting Ta-endohedral fullerene-like cage structures, and the lowest-energy structures of TaSi̅ and TaSi̅ anions can be considered as derived from the TaSi̅ superatom cluster.

Stable Mg Single-Atom Solid Base Catalysts Anchored on Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Carbon.

Solid base catalysts are widely used in the chemical industry owing to their advantages of environmental friendliness and easy separation. However, their application is limited by basic site aggregation and poor stability. In this study, we report the preparation of magnesium (Mg) single-atom catalysts with high activity and stability by a sublimation-trapping strategy.

Anti-Glioma Effects of Ligustilide or n-Butylphthalide on Their Own and the Synergistic Effects with Temozolomide via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Background: Ligustilide (LIG) and n-butylphthalide (NBP) have neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia; however, their roles in gliomas are not well-known.This study aimed to explore the anti-glioma effects of LIG and NBP individually and the synergistic effects of temozolomide (TMZ) via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Materials And Methods: Cytotoxicity of LIG and NBP alone and in combination with TMZ in U251 cells was determined using the CCk-8.

Structural Determination and Bonding Characteristics of the Gas-Phase TaSi̅ Anion and Its Neutral: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies.

The structures and bonding characteristics of TaSi̅ clusters are investigated using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The vertical detachment energy of the TaSi̅ anion is measured to be 2.00 ± 0.

Essential oil of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Regulated P-gp protein and tight junction protein to change pharmacokinetic parameters of temozolomide in blood, brain and tumor.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The existence of the blood-brain barrier/blood tumor barrier (BBB/BTB) severely restricts the effectiveness of anti-tumor drugs, thus glioma is still an incurable disease with a high fatality rate. Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Umbelliferae) was used as a messenger drug to increase the distribution of drugs in brain tissue, and its application in Chinese herbal formula for treating glioma was also the highest.

Generation of Strong Basicity in Metal-Organic Frameworks: How Do Coordination Solvents Matter?

Solid strong bases with an ordered pore structure (OPS-SSBs) have attracted much attention because of their high catalytic activity and shape selectivity as heterogeneous catalysts in various reactions. Nevertheless, high temperatures are required to fabricate OPS-SSBs by using traditional methods. Herein, we report for the first time that the coordination solvents affect basicity generation in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) greatly and that strong basicity can be formed at comparatively low temperatures.

Pharmacokinetics of five phthalides in volatile oil of Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong, and comparison study on physicochemistry and pharmacokinetics after being formulated into solid dispersion and inclusion compound.

Backgrounds: The dried rhizome of Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, anemia and stroke.

[Pharmacokinetic study on five components in phthalide target areas of Chaxiong and its β-CD inclusion compounds based on UPLC-MS/MS].

This study aims to establish a method for the determination of the concentration of five main components of phthalide target areas of Chaxiong(CPTA) and its inclusion of β-CD in the plasma of rats, and determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, absolute bioavailability and relative bioavailability of CPTA/β-CD inclusion compound in vivo. The plasma concentrations of senkyunolide A, N-butylphthalide, new osthol lactone, Z-ligustilide and butenyl phthalide were determined with UPLC-MS/MS. The content determination was conducted at the chromatographic conditions as follows: Shim-pack GIST C_(18)-AQ HP column(2.

Pharmacokinetic comparative study of gastrodin after oral administration of Gastrodia elata Bl. extract and its compatibility with the different indigents of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. to rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Da Chuan Xiong Decoction Compound preparation (DCXDCP) is a classic TCM formula of an aqueous extract made from Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., umbelliferae) and Tianma Rhizoma (Gastrodia elata Bl., Orchidaceae).

Formulations, hemolytic and pharmacokinetic studies on saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d compound liposomes.

The aim of this study was to develop and optimise a saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d compound liposome (SSa-SSd-Lip) formulation with reduced hemolysis and enhanced bioavailability. A screening experiment was done with Plackett-Burman design, and response surface methodology of five factors (EPC/SSa-SSd ratio, EPC/Chol ratio, water temperature, pH of PBS, and ultrasound time) was employed to optimise the mean diameter, entrapment efficiency of SSa and SSd, and the reduction of hemolysis for SSa-SSd-Lip. Under the optimal process conditions (EPC/SSa-SSd ratio, EPC/Chol ratio, water temperature and pH of PBS were 26.

[The mechanical properties and moisture permeability of eudragit L100/S100 free films affected by plasticizers and membrane materials ratio].

The free membrane of Eudragit L100/S100 which is pH-sensitive, colon-specific was prepared by plane casting films. The film humidity, species and amount of plasticizers, the ratio of membrane material was investigated. The rate of membrane permeability and mechanical properties were used as indicators of orthogonal experiment, and its related properties were studied.