Cost-effectiveness analysis of toripalimab plus chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: perspectives from the United States and China.

Background: Toripalimab combined with chemotherapy has demonstrated significant clinical advantages in improving overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone as a first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Method: An economic evaluation was conducted using a Markov state-transition model to reflect the perspectives of the United States payer and Chinese healthcare systems. Primary outcomes included quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), incremental net health benefit (INHB), and incremental net monetary benefit (INMB).

A novel synthetic bile acid derivative inhibits hepatitis B virus infection at entry step by interfering with the oligomerization of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine and effective anti-HBV drugs. The currently approved anti-HBV drugs-i.e.

Associations of prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution with hand, foot, and mouth disease: Key pollutants and sensitive exposure windows.

Background: The long-term association between exposure to air pollution-particularly during early life-and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains unclear. Moreover, evidence is lacking regarding the potentially differential effects of PM constituents on HFMD.

Methods: We included 41,256 children aged 0-6 years from a nationwide survey covering 15 Chinese provinces in 2013.

The Effect of Integrative Neuromuscular Training on Enhancing Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) is a multidimensional training method that integrates strength, balance, core stability, flexibility, and motor skill development. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of INT on various physical performance indicators in athletes to provide evidence supporting the application of INT in training practices. : A systematic search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines across nine databases-including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, WILEY, and Springer Nature Link-from inception to 26 March 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of INT on athletic performance.

Exploring the relationship between cardiac biomarkers and mortality risk in extensive burned patients ≥ 70 % TBSA: A retrospective study.

Background: Extensively burned patients face a significant risk of mortality, with their condition often being closely associated with severe cardiac insufficiency. However, the correlation between cardiac biomarkers and mortality in patients with burns involving ≥ 70 % total body surface area (TBSA) remains underexplored.

Materials And Methods: The study included 159 patients from the Kunshan factory explosion.

Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiO-Modified Concrete Under Freeze-Thaw Environment.

This study investigated the freeze-thaw resistance of ordinary and nano-TiO-modified concrete (NTC) based on mass loss, ultrasonic velocity, compressive strength, and fracture toughness. The compressive behavior and internal damage evolution were further analyzed using particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC) simulations. The results show that, although neither material exhibited structural collapse after freeze-thaw cycling, visible surface damage was observed, particularly in ordinary concrete.

Captioner: Improving change captioning by leveraging momentum cross-view and cross-modality contrastive learning.

The primary goal of change captioning is to identify subtle visual differences between two similar images and express them in natural language. Existing research has been significantly influenced by the task of vision change detection and has mainly concentrated on the identification and description of visual changes. However, we contend that an effective change captioner should go beyond mere detection and description of what has changed.

A New Paradigm for Autism Spectrum Disorder Discrimination in Children Utilizing EEG Data Collected During Cartoon Viewing With a Focus on Atypical Semantic Processing.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills, with semantic processing difficulties being a hallmark feature that significantly impacts social communication. While traditional neuroimaging studies have provided insights into language processing in ASD, ecological validity remains a challenge, particularly when assessing young children. This study introduces a novel approach to evaluate atypical semantic processing in children with ASD (aged 4-10 years) through electroencephalography (EEG) data collection during cartoon viewing, offering a more natural assessment environment.

Identification of Key Glycolysis-Related Genes in Osteoarthritis and Their Correlation with Immune Infiltration Using Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder associated with glycolysis. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify glycolysis-associated biomarkers and elucidate how glycolysis-related genes interact with the synovial immune microenvironment in OA progression.

IDO-1 Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Via Kynurenine Pathway in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Activation of the plasma kynurenine pathway (KP) may contribute to the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We investigated the functional role and molecular mechanisms of KP activation in PAH.

Methods: KP activity was measured in the lungs and plasma of humans and rodents with pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Clinical features, disease burden and impact on quality of life in participants with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.

Background: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (ME) is a rare genetic disorder that significantly impacts participants' quality of life and places emotional and financial burdens on caregivers. However, the dynamics between perceived financial burden, disability, and caregiver strain are not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the differences in perceived financial burden, QoL, disability levels, and caregiver burden among participants with ME.

[Prediction of hearing change in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct with different genotypes by linear mixed-effects model].

To explore the hearing changes of children with different genotypes of with enlarged vestibular aqueduct（EVA） using the linear mixed effect model（LMM）, providing evidence for the risk prediction of progressive hearing loss. A total of 48 children with EVA diagnosed in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2024. All subjects underwent two or more auditory tests.

Quorum sensing signaling molecules enhance the treatment performance of the HN-AD bacteria-Chlorella symbiotic system in MABR.

To enhance the stability of membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and accelerate the formation of biofilm, this study introduced a symbiotic system composed of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria and Chlorella into the MABR, and compared it with a control system inoculated with HN-AD bacteria and activated sludge. The effects of adding 0.8 μM exogenous C8-HSL on biofilm formation and the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal were investigated by comparing systems with and without the signaling molecule.

Lignin-tannic acid epoxy resins based on dynamic covalent bonding of β-hydroxy esters with closed-loop recyclability, exceptional adhesive properties and excellent photothermal capacity.

This study addresses the waste of resources and environmental pollution associated with the use of traditional, non-recyclable, epoxy resins produced using petroleum-based products. Totally biomass-based epoxy resins (TPLs) have been developed by replacing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with epoxide-modified tannic acid and replacing petroleum-based curing agents with carboxylate-modified lignin. Because of the incorporation of dynamic covalently bonded β-hydroxy esters, TPLs are suitable for closed-loop recycling.

Metal-organic nanostructures based on sono/chemo-nanodynamic synergy of TiO/Ru reaction units: for ultrasound-induced dynamic cancer therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exhibits clinical potential for deep-tissue tumor treatment due to its deep tissue penetration and spatiotemporal controllability. Its core mechanism relies on ultrasound-activated sonosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis. However, conventional sonosensitizers face limitations in ROS yield and tumor-targeting efficiency.

Effects of Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) on Microcystis aeruginosa: Growth stimulation and adaptability mechanisms.

As a representative organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is ubiquitously detected in aquatic environments. The aquatic ecotoxicity of TPHP is mostly focused on fish, with fewer studies on microalgae, a key producer that affects the aquatic ecological balance. This study systematically deciphered the dose-dependent effects of TPHP (0.

Sodium-Potassium ATPase in cardiovascular diseases: Insights into structure, function, and therapeutic targets.

The sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K ATPase, NKA) is a ubiquitous membrane protein crucial for maintaining ionic homeostasis by regulating Na and K concentrations across the plasma membrane. Emerging evidence indicates that NKA plays a multifaceted role in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology beyond its well-established ion-transporting functions. Dysregulation of NKA function has been increasingly linked to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, and arrhythmias.

Pharmacological evaluation of physcion as a TRPV1 inhibitor with multimodal analgesic efficacy in experimental pain models.

Background: Pain serves as a vital protective mechanism triggered by tissue damage. While NSAIDs and opioids offer relief, their prolonged usage is hindered by adverse effects. Developing analgesics with fewer side effects is crucial for effective pain treatment.

Assessment of neurological symptoms and associated factors in patients with Wilson's disease in Southwest China.

Background: Wilson's disease is an inherited genetic disorder of hepatic copper metabolism characterized by hepatic, neurological, and psychiatric manifestations. Patients with neurological symptoms manifest remarkable variability regarding type and severity. This study aimed to characterize neurological signs and symptoms of patients with Wilson's disease in Southwest China and identify factors associated with neurological symptoms in patients with Wilson's disease.

The value of MRI-based radiomics and clinicoradiological data for the detection of forkhead box protein A1 gene mutated prostate cancer.

This study aimed to develop models for predicting forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) gene mutations in prostate cancer using clinicoradiological and MRI radiomics data. Totally 367 prostate cancer patients (109 with FOXA1 mutations and 258 without) from three centers underwent multiparametric MRI. Patients from Center 1 (n = 236) were randomly divided into training and internal validation sets (7:3).

Identification and evaluation of a pinocembrin analog as a TRPV1 inhibitor with analgesic properties in murine pain models.

Introduction: Pain is a complex phenomenon involving physiological and psychological responses to noxious stimuli. Long-term opioid or NSAID use leads to reduced efficacy and tolerance. Initially a thermosensitive receptor, TRPV1 is increasingly recognized as a target for analgesic intervention.

Rapid Development of Breast Mass With Recurrent Episodes of Hypoglycemia Should Raise Suspicion of Breast Cancer With Insulinoma: A Case Report.

Background: Breast cancer ranks first in the global incidence rate of malignant tumors in women. Despite the continuous emergence of new treatment methods, it remains a significant threat to the lives and quality of life of patients. Insulinoma, a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, causes pancreatic beta cells to over-secrete insulin, disrupting the normal physiological feedback mechanism and leading to hyperinsulinemia.

Association of Lens Anterior and Posterior Capsular Bag Laxity With Clinical Characteristics in Primary Angle Closure Disease.

Prcis: The presence of anterior capsular laxity caused acute angle closure glaucoma, and posterior capsular laxity alone was associated with a chronic progressive course, revealing new insight into the pathogenesis of primary angle closure disease.

Purpose: This study investigates the association between anterior or posterior capsular bag laxity during cataract surgery and clinical characteristics in patients with primary angle closure disease (PACD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 137 patients (200 eyes) diagnosed with PACD and undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Identification of genes associated with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation by WGCNA and PPI network analyses.

Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. The success of transplantation largely relies on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI). However, the pathogenesis of LIRI remains unclear.

Development of a medication literacy assessment scale for patients with mental disorders in recovery in China: a mixed-methods Delphi study.

Background: Patients with mental disorders often exhibit unique challenges in medication adherence, comprehension of drug information, and self-management abilities, underscoring the need for a specialized assessment tool to accurately reflect their medication literacy levels and support targeted clinical interventions.

Methods: A stepwise, mixed-methods design was adopted to develop the Medication Literacy Assessment Scale. Preliminary items were generated through a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with 20 patients and 6 psychiatric professionals.