Dual associations of gut and oral microbial networks with kidney transplantation.

Unlabelled: Gut and oral microbiomes play an essential role in the occurrence and development of kidney disease, but their changes after kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease and their relationships with host health remain unclear. Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal and saliva samples, we found that for both gut and oral microbiome, the initial loss of species diversity after kidney transplantation led to a reduction in network nodes and interactions, but strengthened the connections among the remaining species, which started to get a recovery approximately 7-14 days later. Different network modules tended to exhibit unique functions and showed different responses to transplantation.

GLDC attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and activation via PTBP1/P2RY6.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) represents a significant cause of hepatic dysfunction, with glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) emerging as a crucial molecular marker. This study investigated how GLDC attenuates LIRI by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and activation through the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2). In LIRI, the excessive inflammatory response of macrophages exacerbates liver injury.

Nucleosome organization of mouse embryos during pre-implantation development.

Sexual reproduction begins with sperm-oocyte fusion to form a zygote, where chromatin undergoes dramatic reorganization to establish totipotency. Although nucleosomes- the basic units of eukaryotic chromatin and key epigenetic regulators- are extensively remodeled during early embryogenesis, their dynamic repositioning mechanisms and biological implications remain unclear. Here, we employed single-cell MNase sequencing (scMNase-seq) to map genome-wide nucleosome positioning and chromatin accessibility in individual mammalian embryos.

Identification of genes associated with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation by WGCNA and PPI network analyses.

Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. The success of transplantation largely relies on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI). However, the pathogenesis of LIRI remains unclear.

SF3B4 regulates proliferation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via alternative splicing and interaction with TRIM28 and SETD5.

Background: SF3B4 encodes a core subunit of the U2-type spliceosome and is implicated in abnormal cell growth and tumorigenesis. However, its role in regulating gene expression and alternative splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains inadequately understood.

Methods: SF3B4 expression was downregulated in HCC cells, followed by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing to capture the transcriptomic changes induced by SF3B4.

Production and Functional Verification of 8-Gene (GGTA1, CMAH, β4GalNT2, hCD46, hCD55, hCD59, hTBM, hCD39)-Edited Donor Pigs for Xenotransplantation.

Gene-edited (GE) pig-to-human xenotransplantation continues to make breakthroughs, but which kind of gene combination is suitable for organ-specific transplantation remains unclear. In this study, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, PiggyBac transposon system, and serial somatic cell cloning technology to develop GTKO/CMAHKO/β4GalNT2KO/hCD46/hCD55/hCD59/hCD39/hTBM 8 gene-edited cloned (GEC) donor pigs and performed pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) transplantation to evaluate the effectiveness of these GEC pigs. The 8-GEC pigs were obtained by recloning with a 33-day-old 8-GEC fetus with O blood type, which was generated after cell transfection, screening of cell colonies, and somatic cell cloning.

RBBP7, regulated by SP1, enhances the Warburg effect to facilitate the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT signaling.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by aggressive progression and elevated mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of RBBP7 on HCC pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The expression and clinical feature of RBBP7 were evaluated using bioinformatics analysis and the assessment of clinical HCC samples.

Transcriptional profile of human thymus reveals IGFBP5 is correlated with age-related thymic involution.

Thymus is the main immune organ which is responsible for the production of self-tolerant and functional T cells, but it shrinks rapidly with age after birth. Although studies have researched thymus development and involution in mouse, the critical regulators that arise with age in human thymus remain unclear. We collected public human single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets containing 350,678 cells from 36 samples, integrated them as a cell atlas of human thymus.

A positive-feedback loop between HBx and ALKBH5 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) contributes to liver carcinogenesis via various epigenetic mechanisms. The newly defined epigenetics, epitranscriptomics regulation, has been reported to involve in multiple cancers including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study found that HBx, HBV encodes X protein, mediated H3K4me3 modification in WDR5-dependent manner to involve in HBV infection and contribute to oncogene expression.

Gastrodin Pretreatment Protects Liver Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains the major cause of liver damage post-liver surgery or transplantation. Diminishing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses is a powerful channel to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality. Gastrodin (GSTD), a bioactive compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal agent with a long history of clinical application in nervous system diseases, is suggested to possess anti-oxidative effects on liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury by inhibiting apoptosis.

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury (HIRI) HIRI is a complex, multifactorial pathophysiological process and in liver surgery has been known to significantly affect disease prognosis, surgical success rates, and patient survival. Ginsenoside Rgl (Rgl) monomer is one of the main active ingredients of ginseng. Previous studies have demonstrated that Rgl exerts various pharmacological effects through several mechanisms including suppression of apoptosis-related proteins levels, downregulation of inflammatory mediators and as well as antioxidant, which effectively exerts an organ protective effect I/R-induced damage.

Gastrodin induced HO-1 and Nrf2 up-regulation to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through p38 MAPK phosphorylation.

Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in several detoxifying and antioxidant defense processes. Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was demonstrated to play a key role against oxidative stress. Gastrodin (GSTD) is a well-known active compound isolated from the roots of Rhizoma gastrodiae, a plant used in ancient Chinese traditional medicine.

Heme Oxygenase 1 Attenuates Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury in Mice Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells.

Background: Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a heat shock protein, can be involved in the resolution of inflammation by modulating cytokine expression and apoptotic cell death. Based on recent evidence that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is the critical target in early period of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), this study aims to clarify whether overexpression of HO-1 gene provides a protective effect on mice LSECs.

Methods: LSECs were transfected with adenovirus vectors encoding mice HO-1 gene (Ad-HO-1) or green fluorescent protein.