The application of KI.C57-ras2.0 mouse in the carcinogenicity evaluation of medical devices-carcinogenicity evaluation of a novel hemodialyzer.

Introduction: Alternative transgenic mouse models, such as rasH2, have been developed as to replace the traditional 2-year rodent carcinogenicity study. However, due to high cost, reliance on imports, and unpredictable supply chains, these transgenic mouse models have not yet been widely adopted for carcinogenicity evaluations of medical devices in China.

Methods: KI.

Discovery of two IgM subclasses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) provides insights into IgM evolution in teleost fish.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is considered the most ancient and prevalent Ig in fish, which plays important roles in systemic and mucosal immunity. In the current study, two heavy chain genes of IgM (named Ighμ1 and Ighμ2) were cloned in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the amino acid identity between the constant regions of the two IgM heavy chains were 82.58 %.

Grass carp reovirus VP6 inhibits IFN production by degrading TBK1 through the autophagy pathway.

The interferon (IFN) response serves as a powerful defense mechanism against viral infections in fish. However, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is capable of evading the IFN system, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we report that GCRV VP6 employs an immune evasion strategy by degrading TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through the autophagy pathway, thereby inhibiting IFN activation.

[Molecular Biological Mechanism and Transfusion Strategy of a Jk(a-b-) Family].

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism and explore blood transfusion strategies for a proband exhibiting the JK (a-b-) phenotype and anti-JK high frequency antigen antibody and her eight family members.

Methods: The Kidd blood phenotype and irregular antibodies in a family were identified by serologic tests. Exon 4-11 and intron region of gene were sequenced by Sanger method.

Mg inhibits infection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by enhancing IRF3 expression.

Magnesium ions (Mg), essential divalent cations, play a pivotal role in orchestrating a myriad of physiological and biochemical processes. However, the intricate relationship between Mg homeostasis and antiviral immunity in fish remains largely unexplored. In this study, we found that Mg enhances the interferon (IFN) response by increasing the expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to inhibit spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) infection.

Overlooked Trigger of Migraine: Clinical Significance of Small- and Medium-Shunt Patent Foramen Ovale.

Introduction: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a prevalent congenital heart malformation closely linked with migraine. The effect of PFO size on migraine remains controversial.

Methods: This study analyzed migraine patients who underwent PFO closure at our institution from January 2020 through December 2022.

Assembly and cooperative mechanism of the hexameric fungal plasma membrane H-ATPase.

The fungal plasma membrane H+-ATPase Pma1 hydrolyzes ATP to pump protons out of the cell to maintain the intracellular pH and membrane potential. Pma1 is unique among the P-type ATPases as it functions as a hexamer, although the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here, we show that the Pma1 hexamer functions cooperatively, and the cooperativity is mediated by the domain-swapped N-terminal extension (NTE).

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) ORF67 inhibits IFN expression by competitively obstructing STING phosphorylation.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) caused hematopoietic necrosis in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) has resulted in huge economic losses to the carp aquaculture. Interferon (IFN) response serves as a crucial line of defense for fish against CyHV-2 infection; however, CyHV-2 frequently overcomes this defense, resulting in damage and even substantial mortality. The mechanism by which CyHV-2 evades the fish IFN antiviral response remains unclear.

Single-well colorimetric sensor array for discrimination and smartphone-assisted detection of catecholamines based on Fe-carbon dots nanozymes.

Background: Catecholamines (CAs), such as noradrenaline (NE), adrenaline (AD), and dopamine (DA), are essential signaling mediators that regulate various physiological functions. Monitoring their levels is crucial for studying and diagnosing diseases, as abnormal concentrations are associated with numerous health conditions. However, distinguishing between these CAs is challenging due to their highly similar molecular structures.

Comparison of Logistic Regression and Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Depressive Symptoms: A National-Based Study.

Objective: Machine learning (ML) has been reported to have better predictive capability than traditional statistical techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ML algorithms and logistic regression (LR) for predicting depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Analyses were carried out in a national cross-sectional study involving 21,916 participants.

New polyketides from the mangrove-associated endophytic fungus sp. DHS-11.

Chemical investigation of the mangrove-derived fungus sp. DHS-11 led to the isolation of three new pyrone derivatives (-), and a new natural product (). Their structures were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Ammonium chloride mitigates the amplification of fish virus by blocking autophagy-dependent replication.

Ammonia fertilizer, primarily composed of ammonium chloride, is widely used in pond fish farming throughout Asia. Despite the belief that it possesses antiviral properties, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has been demonstrated to act as a potent inhibitor of autophagy, which is used by many fish viruses to promote their proliferation during infection.

Dorsal raphe GABA-ergic neurons regulate the susceptibility to social transfer of pain in mice.

Some individuals are more susceptible to developing or suffering from pain states than others. However, the brain mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to pain responses are unknown. In this study, we defined pain susceptibility by recapitulating inter-individual differences in pain responses in mice exposed to a paradigm of socially transferred allodynia (STA), and with a combination of chemogenetic, molecular, pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches, we identified GABA-ergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) as a cellular target for the development and maintenance of STA susceptibility.

HSPG2 could promote normal haematopoiesis in acute myeloid leukaemia patients after complete remission by repairing bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells.

Background: Even after achieving complete remission (CR), many acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients suffer from poor haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that the damage of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (BM EPC) hinders haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy in mice. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanism and repair strategy of chemotherapy-induced BM EPC damage is urgent needed.

Efficacy and safety of switching from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level viremia: a real-world 48-week extension study.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving entecavir (ETV) treatment might develop low-level viremia (LLV), which is proven to be associated with worse clinical outcomes, such as risk of drug-related mutations, progression to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. This real-world prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching from ETV to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in CHB patients with LLV. From August 2020 to August 2023, 351 ETV-experienced CHB patients with LLV were enrolled from eight hospitals.

Grass carp reovirus VP4 manipulates TOLLIP to degrade STING for inhibition of IFN production.

Unlabelled: Although fish possess an effective interferon (IFN) system to defend against viral infection, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) still causes epidemic hemorrhagic disease and tremendous economic loss in grass carp. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the immune escape strategies employed by GCRV. In this study, we show that the structural protein VP4 of GCRV (encoded by the S6 segment) significantly restricts IFN expression by degrading stimulator of IFN genes (STING) through the autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway.

Robust Autism Spectrum Disorder-Related Spatial Covariance Gray Matter Pattern Revealed With a Large-Scale Multi-Center Dataset.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and its underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms still remain unclear. The scaled subprofile model of principal component analysis (SSM-PCA) is a data-driven multivariate technique for capturing stable disease-related spatial covariance pattern. Here, SSM-PCA is innovatively applied to obtain robust ASD-related gray matter volume pattern associated with clinical symptoms.

HSP90 stabilizes visual cycle retinol dehydrogenase 5 in the endoplasmic reticulum by inhibiting its degradation during autophagy.

Genetic mutations in retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5), a rate-limiting enzyme of the visual cycle, is associated with nyctalopia, age-related macular disease, and stationary congenital fundus albipunctatus (FA). A majority of these mutations impair RDH5 protein expression and intracellular localization. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying RDH5 metabolism remain unclear.

Gasdermin D-mediated neutrophil pyroptosis drives inflammation in psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal accumulation of neutrophils and T-cell-related abnormalities. Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death associated with innate immunity, but its role in psoriasis is unclear.