Respiratory-related safety profiles of ciprofol (cipepofol) for anesthesia/sedation in Chinese elderly patients undergoing gastroscopy: a multicenter, parallel controlled clinical trial (REST trial).

Background: A post-marketing, parallel-controlled clinical trial (REST trial) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cipepofol versus propofol for the induction of anesthesia/sedation in Chinese elderly patients undergoing gastroscopy.

Methods: All enrolled patients aged ≥65 years were assigned randomly in a 1:1 ratio to be administered intravenous cipepofol-0.3 mg/kg or propofol-1.

Acute and chronic stress differentially regulate pain via distinct ensembles in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus.

Stress impacts pain sensation and its development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are largely unclear. Using restraint stress models and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced pain model in male mice, we demonstrated that acute restraint stress (ARS) induces analgesia in both naïve and pain states. In contrast, chronic restraint stress (CRS) enhances pain hypersensitivity in naïve states, prolongs pain duration, and promotes anxiodepressive symptoms in pain states.

Lidocaine as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Colorectal Cancer: A Study of Gene Expression and Prognosis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality globally. Despite the availability of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, these interventions are often accompanied by severe side effects and suboptimal patient outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that lidocaine, a widely used local anesthetic, may possess anti-tumor properties in various cancer types.

Intertransverse process block: A narrative review.

The intertransverse process block (ITPB) is a general term for a class of novel thoracic paraspinal nerve block techniques proposed in recent years, which can be divided into the mid-point transverse process to pleura block, multiple-injection costotransverse block, costotransverse foramen block and the subtransverse process interligamentary plane block. The four types of ITPB all target the retro-superior costotransverse ligament space, but slightly differ in terms of needle entry approach and needle tip target. ITPB is easy to locate, quick to perform, and provides reliable analgesic effects.

Diagnosis and management of a giant retroperitoneal hematoma compressing the femoral nerve, following an ultrasound-guided lumbar sympathetic block: a case report.

Background: The lumbar sympathetic nerve block stands as a pivotal approach in managing complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in the lower limbs. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage is an extremely rare and severe complication of lumbar sympathetic nerve block. Here, we report for the first time a case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage that initially presented with symptoms of femoral nerve compression.

S-ketamine alleviates morphine-induced hyperalgesia via decreasing the gut Enterobacteriaceae levels: Comparison with R-ketamine.

Background: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a serious complication during the pain treatment. Ketamine has been commonly reported to treat OIH, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota is recently recognized as one of the important mechanisms underlying the occurrence and treatment of OIH.

Myelin Repair as a Novel Mechanism for Ketamine's Sustained Antidepressant Effects.

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder, affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. Despite decades of research into the underlying mechanisms of depression, a consensus remains elusive. Recent studies have implicated changes in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the pathogenesis of depression.

CD38-mediated oxytocin signaling in paraventricular nucleus contributes to empathic pain.

Empathy plays a crucial role in social communication and the perception of affective states and behavioral processes. In this study, we observed that empathic interaction with a mouse experiencing pain resulted in decreased mechanical pain thresholds and anxiety-like behaviors in its bystander, though the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrated that CD38 expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was upregulated during empathic pain, and the pain and emotions of CD38 knockout (CD38KO) mice as bystanders were not affected.

The Dark Side of Empathy: The Role of Excessive Affective Empathy in Mental Health Disorders.

Empathy, which is typically regarded as a positive attribute, is now being critically evaluated for its potential negative implications for mental health. A growing body of research indicates that excessive empathy, particularly a high level of affective empathy, can lead to overwhelming emotional states, thereby increasing susceptibility to psychological distress and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we aim to explore the negative effects of empathy on mental health.

Neural circuits and therapeutic mechanisms of empathic pain.

Empathy is the capacity to understand and share the experiences of others. This ability fosters connections between individuals, enriching the fabric of our shared world. One notable example is empathy for the pain of others.

LightGBM is an Effective Predictive Model for Postoperative Complications in Gastric Cancer: A Study Integrating Radiomics with Ensemble Learning.

Postoperative complications of radical gastrectomy seriously affect postoperative recovery and require accurate risk prediction. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a prediction model specifically tailored to guide perioperative clinical decision-making for postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between April 2022 and June 2023.

Airway and anesthesia management in tracheoesophageal fistula closure implantation: a single-centre retrospective study.

Objective: To review and analyze the airway and anesthesia management methods for patients who underwent endoscopic closure of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and to summarize the experience of intraoperative airway management.

Method: We searched the anesthesia information system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for anesthesia cases of TEF from July 2020 to July 2023 and obtained a total of 34 anesthesia records for endoscopic TEF occlusion. The intraoperative airway management methods and vital signs were recorded, and the patients' disease course and follow-up records were analyzed and summarized.

Analysis of postoperative pulmonary complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: development and validation of a nomogram.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy. The aim of our study was to investigate the perioperative risk factors and to develop a nomogram to identify patients who are at significant risk of PPCs.

Methods: The clinical data of gastric cancer patients who underwent elective gastrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively collected.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a general term for cognitive impairment that negatively affects multiple domains, including memory, concentration, and physical functioning. Numerous articles have been published on PND; however, only a few quantitative analyses covering this disorder have been published.

Methods And Materials: To clarify PND's developmental history, research foci, and future directions, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using the bibliometric tools VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

Electronic Tuning of Photoexcited Dynamics in Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complex Photosensitizers.

Photoexcited dynamics of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes as noble-metal-free photosensitizers are closely intertwined with the nature of their ligands. By utilizing ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies, we characterized a new set of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes [Cu(PPh)(BPy)] (R = CH, H, Br to COOCH), with an increase in the electron-withdrawing ability of the functional group (R). We found that after the transient photooxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II), the increasing electron-withdrawing ability of R barely affects the internal conversion (IC) (e.

Myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein-dependent myelin repair confers the long-lasting antidepressant effect of ketamine.

Ketamine exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. As decreased myelination has been linked to depression pathology, changes in myelination may be a pivotal mechanism underlying ketamine's long-lasting antidepressant effects. Although ketamine has a long-lasting facilitating effect on myelination, the precise roles of myelination in ketamine's sustained antidepressant effects remain unknown.

Mapping the Ultrafast Mechanistic Pathways of Co Photocatalysts in Pure Water through Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy.

Nanosecond time-resolved X-ray (tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption spectroscopy (OTA) are applied to study 3 multimolecular photocatalytic systems with [Ru(bpy) ] photoabsorber, ascorbic acid electron donor and Co catalysts with methylene (1), hydroxomethylene (2) and methyl (3) amine substituents in pure water. OTA and tr-XAS of 1 and 2 show that the favored catalytic pathway involves reductive quenching of the excited photosensitizer and electron transfer to the catalyst to form a Co square pyramidal intermediate with a bonded aqua molecule followed by a Co square planar derivative that decays within ≈8 μs. By contrast, a Co square pyramidal intermediate with a longer decay lifetime of ≈35 μs is formed from an analogous Co geometry for 3 in H O.

Role of GABAergic system in the comorbidity of pain and depression.

Patients with chronic pain often suffer with depressive symptoms, and these two conditions can be aggravated by each other over time, leading to an increase in symptom intensity and duration. The comorbidity of pain and depression poses a significant challenge to human health and quality of life, as it is often difficult to diagnose early and treat effectively. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression is crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets for treatment.

Enabling Reaction Selectivity of Platinum Catalysts by Photoinduced Electronic Effects.

Reaction selectivity is crucial to producing target molecules of importance with minimum waste. This work reports an efficient and green strategy to improve reaction selectivity in visible-light-mediated chemical transformations by employing Pt/SiO photocatalysts, which is ascribed to light-induced surface electronic modification in the small Pt nanocrystals. This strategy has been successfully applied to synthesize commercially valuable but thermodynamically unfavorable arylhydroxylamines with high selectivity via partial hydrogenation of the respective nitroarenes.

Predictive value of NoSAS questionnaire combined with the modified Mallampati grade for hypoxemia during routine sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Background: The incidence of hypoxemia during painless gastrointestinal endoscopy remains a matter of concem. To date, there is no recognized simple method to predict hypoxemia in digestive endoscopic anesthesia. The NoSAS (neck circumference, obesity, snoring, age, sex) questionnaire, an objective and simple assessment scale used to assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), combined with the modified Mallampati grade (MMP), may have certain screening value.

The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU improves comorbidity of chronic pain and depression via the AHR and TSPO signaling.

Background: Patients suffering from chronic pain often also exhibit depression symptoms. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors can decrease blood levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, whether inhibiting sEH signaling is beneficial for the comorbidity of pain and depression is unknown.

Lateral septum-lateral hypothalamus circuit dysfunction in comorbid pain and anxiety.

Pain and anxiety comorbidities are a common health problem, but the neural mechanisms underlying comorbidity remain unclear. We propose that comorbidity implies that similar brain regions and neural circuits, with the lateral septum (LS) as a major candidate, process pain and anxiety. From results of behavioral and neurophysiological experiments combined with selective LS manipulation in mice, we find that LS GABAergic neurons were critical for both pain and anxiety.

Photochemical and Photophysical Dynamics of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion.

Ferrate(VI) has the potential to play a key role in future water supplies. Its salts have been suggested as "green" alternatives to current advanced oxidation and disinfection methods in water treatment, especially when combined with ultraviolet light to stimulate generation of highly oxidizing Fe(V) and Fe(IV) species. However, the nature of these intermediates, the mechanisms by which they form, and their roles in downstream oxidation reactions remain unclear.