Biomimetic epiphysis inspired by natural developmental mechanisms promote the repair of large-scale epiphyseal defects.

Epiphysis is an organized and dynamically evolving developmental tissue that is susceptible to physical damage. At present, significant challenges in developing complex and controllable substitutes for epiphyses persist. In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) microspheres and recombinant human Indian hedgehog (IHH) were used to simulate the key mechanisms of bone development: mesenchymal condensation and biochemical signaling.

Spinach SoNRT3 Interacts with SoNRT2a to Improve Low-Nitrogen Tolerance via Nitrate Uptake and Root Growth.

High nitrogen use efficiency is crucial for enhancing spinach's tolerance to low nitrogen stress and minimizing nitrate accumulation. Here, we report that SoNRT3, a NAR2 family protein, modulates nitrate uptake and plant growth under low-nitrate conditions. SoNRT3 expression was induced by low nitrate availability in roots and prolonged nitrogen deficiency in shoots.

Impact of Medications for Stable Angina Pectoris on Osteoporosis: A Review of Current Evidence.

Stable angina pectoris (SAP) and osteoporosis (OP) are both prevalent conditions among the elderly population. Compared to SAP, the prevention and management of OP are often neglected. Furthermore, certain medications used long-term for SAP may exert significant effects on bone metabolism.

Medicinal Plant-Derived Carbon Dots Nanozymes Ameliorate Ulcerative Colitis via Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Gut Barrier-Protective Effects.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. Current therapeutic agents are frequently limited by safety concerns. To address this clinical challenge, we pioneered the development of an innovative nanotherapeutic system derived from the medicinal plant via hydrothermal synthesis, which integrates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and barrier-restorative functionalities.

Multiple transactivation domains of EZH2 bind to the TAZ2 domain of p300 and stimulate the acetyltransferase function of p300.

The H3K27me-specific methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the repressive complex Polycomb repressive complex 2. EZH2 is typically implicated in transcriptional silencing, but it can also activate gene expression. Here, we show that EZH2 contains three adjacent transactivation domains (EZH2TAD) that are recognized by the TAZ2 domain of the transcriptional coactivator and acetyltransferase p300 (p300TAZ2).

Metabolic reprogramming nanomedicine potentiates colon cancer sonodynamic immunotherapy by inhibiting the CD39/CD73/ADO pathway.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can potentially induce immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, leading to the release of ATP, and facilitating the initiation of an immune response. Nevertheless, the enzymes CD39 and CD73 can swiftly convert ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), resulting in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This study introduced a nanomedicine (QD/POM1@NP@M) engineered to reprogram TME by modulating the CD39/CD73/ADO pathway.

Self-template assisted synthesis of N, S co-doped carbon wrapped FeO/FeS heterojunction for enhanced sodium storage.

FeO is widely regarded as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its abundant availability, low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, its practical application is hindered by poor conductivity, significant volume change and slow reaction kinetics. In this work, a novel self-template assisted annealing strategy is proposed to synthesize N, S co-doped carbon wrapped FeO/FeS heterojunction (FeO/FeS@NSC).

Carbon dots derived from Ligusticum Chuanxiong mitigate cardiac injury by disrupting the harmful oxidative stress-apoptosis cycle.

Background: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) represents a significant complication following myocardial infarction surgery, for which preventive strategies remain limited. The primary pathological characteristics of MIRI include oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Results: This study presents the synthesis of carbon dots derived from Ligusticum Chuanxiong (LC-CDs) through the application of the hydrothermal method.

Unveiling the Power of Magnetic-Driven Regenerative Medicine: Bone Regeneration and Functional Reconstruction.

To improve the treatment outcomes for large bone defects and osteoporosis, researchers have been committed to reducing bone loss and accelerating bone regeneration through cell transplantation, biomaterial intervention, and biophysical stimulation over the past few decades. Magnetism, as a noninvasive biophysical stimulus, has been employed in the repair of the musculoskeletal system, achieving a series of promising results. In this review, we provide a retrospective analysis and perspective of research on magnetic-driven bone regeneration and functional reconstruction.

New insights into therapeutic strategies for targeting hepatic macrophages to alleviate liver fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response induced by persistent liver damage, resulting from complex multicellular interactions and multifactorial networks. Without intervention, it can progress to cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Current understanding suggests that liver fibrosis is reversible, making it crucial to explore effective therapeutic strategies for its alleviation.

Integrated cascade antioxidant nanozymes-CuO@CNDs combat acute liver injury by regulating retinol metabolism.

Acute liver failure (ALF) represents a critical medical condition marked by the abrupt onset of hepatocyte damage, commonly induced by etiological factors such as hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Across various types of liver injury, oxidative stress, heightened inflammatory responses, and dysregulated hepatic retinol metabolism are pivotal contributors, particularly in the context of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). C-dots were combined with CuO USNPs to synthesize a cost-effective nanozyme, CuO@CNDs, which mimics the activity of cascade enzymes.

N-acetyl-l-cysteine averts ferroptosis by fostering glutathione peroxidase 4.

N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a medication and a widely used antioxidant in cell death research. Despite its somewhat obscure mechanism of action, its role in inhibiting ferroptosis is gaining increasing recognition. In this study, we demonstrate that NAC treatment rapidly replenishes the intracellular cysteine pool, reinforcing its function as a prodrug for cysteine.

Junction of phase-controlled MnO and MnFeO with optimal built-in electric field and multi-active sites for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation toward environmental remediation.

The non-homogeneous catalysts have been widely employed for the treatment of organic pollutants in complex water environments. However, the recovery of the catalysts, the secondary contamination of metal ions and the catalytic activity of the catalysts remain significant challenges. Accordingly, the crystalline structure of highly active MnO were be modulated and combined it with strongly magnetic MnFeO to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline (TC) degradation.

Oral administration of Momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates ulcerative colitis through comprehensive renovation of the intestinal microenvironment.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), accompanied by intense inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Current treatments using chemotherapeutic drugs or immunosuppressants have limited effectiveness and side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeting therapies for IBD is of great importance.

Advancements in herbal medicine-based nanozymes for biomedical applications.

Nanozymes are a distinct category of nanomaterials that exhibit catalytic properties resembling those of enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Nanozymes derived from Chinese herbal medicines exhibit the catalytic functions of their enzyme mimics, while retaining the specific medicinal properties of the herb (termed "herbzymes"). These nanozymes can be categorized into three main groups based on their method of synthesis: herb carbon dot nanozymes, polyphenol-metal nanozymes, and herb extract nanozymes.

Thin-Film Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensor With High Sensitivity Up to 650 °C.

This article reports a high-temperature acoustic emission (AE) sensor enabling couplant-free and waveguide-free attachments on structures operating up to $650~^{\circ }$ C. The microfabricated sensor is constructed using silicon carbide as the substrate and aluminum nitride (AlN) as the piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric coefficient ( ${d}_{{33}}$ ) of AlN is measured using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) as 3.

Targeting protein arginine methyltransferases in breast cancer: Promising strategies.

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze arginine methylation, an essential protein posttranslational modification involved in a variety of biological processes, such as transcription, RNA splicing and the DNA damage response (DDR), protein stability, and signal transduction. Due to their significant roles in these processes, PRMTs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in cancer. Among all cancer types, breast cancer has been the most extensively studied in relation to PRMTs dysregulation.

Prevalence of congenital heart defects in people with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS) varies considerably across studies (from 16% to 84%). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CHD in people with DS (CHD-DS).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through to 5 January 2023.

Preparation and Flame-Retardant Mechanism of MgAlZn-Based Hydrotalcite-like Coal Spontaneous Combustion Inhibitor.

In this work, the coprecipitation approach was successfully used to create Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like inhibitors modified with varying amounts of Zn, and their characteristics were assessed. The findings indicate that the flame retardancy of Mg-Al hydrotalcite (MgAl-LDHs) is not significantly affected by Zn content. By adding MgAl-LDHs, the temperature at which the exothermic reaction started to occur was raised from 146.

Sulfur-vacancy engineering of CoS/TiCT-MXene catalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Integrating conductive supports and modulating electronic structures are widely recognized as effective strategies for improving the catalytic performance of transition metal sulfides. This study demonstrates the simultaneous integration of CoS with two-dimensional TiCT-MXene and the introduction of sulfur vacancies (S) in CoS through a straightforward sintering process followed by plasma treatment, culminating in the formation of the CoS/TiCT composite. Characterization results demonstrate that the TiCT support significantly improves electrical conductivity and promotes the uniform dispersion of CoS nanoparticles.

Intestinal mucosal barrier repair and immune regulation with an AI-developed gut-restricted PHD inhibitor.

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors have been approved for treating renal anemia yet have failed clinical testing for inflammatory bowel disease because of a lack of efficacy. Here we used a multimodel multimodal generative artificial intelligence platform to design an orally gut-restricted selective PHD1 and PHD2 inhibitor that exhibits favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical studies. ISM012-042 restores intestinal barrier function and alleviates gut inflammation in multiple experimental colitis models.

Direct regeneration of LiFePO cathode by inherent impurities in spent lithium-ion batteries.

The direct regeneration method, recognized for its cost-effectiveness, has garnered considerable attentions in the field of battery recycling. In this study, a novel direct regeneration strategy is proposed to repair spent LiFePO (S-LFP) cathodes without the need for impurity removal. Instead, the residual conductive carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in S-LFP are employed as inherent reductive agents.

Dysregulation of Serum Exosomal Lipid Metabolism in Schizophrenia: A Biomarker Perspective.

Exosomes, crucial extracellular vesicles, have emerged as potential biomarkers for neurological conditions, including schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the exploration of exosomal lipids in the context of SCZ remains scarce, necessitating in-depth investigation. Leveraging ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), this study aimed to characterize the lipidomic profile of serum exosomes from SCZ patients, assessing their potential as novel biomarkers for SCZ diagnosis through absolute quantitative lipidomics.