Advances in stem cell-based therapeutics for acute high-altitude illness: research progress and prospects.

Acute high-altitude illness (AHAI), triggered by hypobaric hypoxia following rapid ascent to high elevations, induces complex pathophysiological responses that may be life-threatening. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have highlighted the therapeutic potential of stem cells in mitigating hypoxia-induced damage. Among them, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the most extensively investigated, exert therapeutic efficacy through immunomodulation, attenuation of oxidative stress, and enhancement of tissue repair mechanisms.

Synthesis and evaluation of a novel class of spiro[chromene-2,2'-indoline] derivatives as potent inhibitors of peptidylarginine deiminase IV to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Peptidylarginine deiminase isoform 4 (PADI4) is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Auto-antibodies induced by the dysregulated catalysis of peptidylarginine into peptidylcitrulline by PADI4 can cause the onset and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we report a novel class of spiro[chromene-2,2'-indoline] derivatives which were synthesized and optimized from a hit discovered by screening two libraries with 3760-members of natural products and derivatives for PADI4 inhibitors.

Salidroside alleviates bone cancer pain by inhibiting Th17/Treg imbalance through the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) remains a significant clinical challenge with poorly understood mechanisms. While Th17 and Treg cells have been implicated in pain pathways, their specific roles in BCP pathogenesis require further investigation. Salidroside (SAL), a natural compound with anti-inflammatory properties, shows potential for pain management but its mechanism in BCP is unclear.

The impact of multidomain interventions on cognitive and physical function in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: a meta‑analysis and systematic review.

Background: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of multidomain interventions compared to control and nutritional interventions in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Four databases were searched for relevant literature.

Methodology: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies.

Midterm Outcomes of Transcatheter Closure of Anastomotic Leak after Ascending Aortic Surgery.

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and durability of transcatheter closure of anastomotic leak (AL) after ascending aortic (AAo) surgery.From 2016 to 2021, we performed transcatheter closure for 22 patients aged 56.9 ± 12 years (19 male, 86.

In-vivo biomechanical characteristics analysis of ascending aortic aneurysm using multidimensional dynamic CTA.

This study utilized multidimensional dynamic computed tomography angiography (MD-CTA) to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA) in 30 subjects: 20 ATAA patients (12 with Marfan syndrome and 8 without) and 10 healthy individuals without ascending aortic disease. Aortic models were reconstructed from CTA images, and multi-phase displacement data were obtained via image registration. The inverse finite element method (iFEM) was applied to calculate wall tension, and displacement data was used to calculate wall strain, from which strain-tension curves were fitted.

Abscisic acid enhances DNA damage response through the nuclear shuttling of clathrin light chain 2 in plant cells.

DNA damage arises from various environmental stresses, and ABA is well known for its roles in plant stress resistance. However, its function in plant DNA damage tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we showed that ABA supplementation significantly enhances plant tolerance to DNA-damaging treatments.

Novel susceptibility gene SLC23A2 functions via PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in etiology of non-syndromic cleft palate.

The biological interactions between genetic and environmental modifiers play critical roles in the etiology of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC), but it is rarely studied. This study selected 47 environmental related genes from the metabolic pathways of smoking, drinking, hypoxia, and vitamins (including vitamin A, vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D, and vitamin E), and test their associations with NSOC and its subtypes. We found that a novel gene SLC23A2, the vitamin C transporter gene is significantly associated with non-syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) (p = 3.

Peony seed meal supplementation enhances semen quality in aged Qinchuan bulls.

Healthy Qinchuan bulls aged 8.5-9.5 years were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups based on 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% dietary supplementation of peony seed meal for three months.

SIZ1 SUMOylates and stabilizes WRI1 to safeguard seed filling and fatty acid biosynthesis under high-temperature stress.

High-temperature stress hinders seed filling, reducing seed quality and crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we identify SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1) as a key regulator of seed filling under prolonged high temperatures in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Physical activity and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: a mediating role of functional fitness.

Background: The positive correlation between physical activity and cognitive function has been increasingly documented, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the association among physical activity (PA), functional fitness, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults, and to examine whether functional fitness mediates this association. This study utilized a cross-sectional design, encompassing 224 participants aged 65 or above, with 41.

A synthetic biology approach for identifying de-SUMOylation enzymes of substrates.

A synthetic biology approach using a robust reconstitution system in Escherichia coli enables the identification of plant ubiquitin-like proteases responsible for removing the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) post-translational modifications from specific protein substrates.

Digital devices usage and neck and shoulder pain among college students: a cross-sectional study in China.

Neck and shoulder pain (NSP) is a common issue among college students, yet no studies have linked digital device usage to NSP prevalence in China. This cross-sectional survey aimed to explore this relationship among students in Shanghai. A total of 6,000 students were randomly selected, with 4,848 (80.

Stress granules sequester autophagy proteins to facilitate plant recovery from heat stress.

The autophagy pathway regulates the degradation of misfolded proteins caused by heat stress (HS) in the cytoplasm, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Although previous studies have established that autophagy (ATG) genes are transcriptionally upregulated in response to HS, the precise regulation of ATG proteins at the subcellular level remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide compelling evidence for the translocation of key autophagy components, including the ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex (ATG1a, ATG13a), PI3K complex (ATG6, VPS34), and ATG8-PE system (ATG5), to HS-induced stress granules (SGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor from purple tea (), positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis.

In tea (), anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites that are linked to leaf color. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is a complex biological process, in which multiple genes including structural and regulatory genes are involved. Here, we describe the cloning and characterizing of a new R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, , isolated from purple tea variety ''.

Physiological and ecological responses of flue-cured tobacco to field chilling stress: insights from metabolomics and proteomics.

Introduction: Currently, research on tobacco's response to chilling stress is mostly limited to laboratory simulations, where temperature is controlled to study physiological and molecular responses. However, laboratory conditions cannot fully replicate the complex environment of field chilling stress, so conducting research under field conditions is crucial for understanding the multi-level adaptive mechanisms of tobacco to chilling stress in natural environments.

Methods: This study aims to use field trials, starting from physiological responses, combined with proteomics and untargeted metabolomics, to systematically reveal the physiological and biochemical characteristics and key molecular mechanisms of tobacco leaves under chilling stress.

Tobacco production under global climate change: combined effects of heat and drought stress and coping strategies.

With the intensification of global climate change, high-temperature and drought stress have emerged as critical environmental stressors affecting tobacco plants' growth, development, and yield. This study provides a comprehensive review of tobacco's physiological and biochemical responses to optimal temperature conditions and limited irrigation across various growth stages. It assesses the effects of these conditions on yield and quality, along with the synergistic interactions and molecular mechanisms associated with these stressors.

SUMOylation controls peptide processing to generate damage-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis.

Upon injury, both mammalian and plant cells activate a survival mechanism by sensing endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Plant elicitor peptides (Peps), a representative DAMP, are released from their precursors (PROPEPs; Precursors of Peps) through cleavage by metacaspases (MCs), but the control of Pep generation remains unclear. Here, we discovered that several PROPEPs in Arabidopsis thaliana are substrates for SUMOylation and that Ca upregulates PROPEP1 SUMOylation, facilitated by the SUMO E3 ligase SAP and MIZ1 domain-containing ligase1 (SIZ1).