Targeting HMGB1 modulates cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhances radiotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.

Radio-resistance remains a major challenge in the effective treatment of lung cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the predominant cellular components in solid tumors, play a crucial role in tumor treatment and resistance. Thus, understanding the interactions between CAFs and tumor cells is key to overcoming radio-resistance in lung cancer.

Targeting DDX3X suppresses progression of KRAS-driven lung cancer by disrupting antioxidative homeostasis and inducing ferroptosis.

Approximately 30% of human cancers carry various RAS mutations, including KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS. Among these mutations, KRAS is the most prevalent isoform detected in lung cancer. While several small molecular inhibitors targeting specifically KRAS have been developed and tested clinically, alternative approaches are still necessary due to expected drug resistance.

Surface Hydroxyl-Mediated Stabilization of Cu Species in Ga-Doped CuO Catalysts for Sustained CO Electroreduction to Ethylene.

The presence of surface hydroxyl (*OH) species plays a critical role in modulating the selectivity and stability of CuO catalysts during CO electroreduction to ethylene and ethanol. However, the underlying mechanism by which *OH adsorption contributes to CuO stability remains poorly understood. In this study, we report the development of a Ga-doped CuO (Ga-CuO) catalyst, where Ga promotes the adsorption of *OH species on the catalyst surface.

Transcriptional responses to oxygen gradients in cyanobacterial aggregates.

Cyanobacterial aggregates (CAs) are the main cause of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater lakes, posing serious risks to water quality and ecosystem health. The ecological success of CAs is closely linked to their abilities to adapt to fluctuating dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional responses of CA-associated microbial communities across a gradient of DO concentrations (0-6 mg/L) using incubation experiments combined with 16S rRNA transcript and metatranscriptomic sequencing.

Type I-F CRISPR-associated transposons contribute to genomic plasticity in and mediate efficient programmable DNA integration.

The genome plasticity of species and strains in the genus is closely associated with the diverse mobile genetic elements embedded in its genomes. One mobile element with potential for accurate and efficient DNA insertion in is the type I-F3 CRISPR-associated transposon (I-F3 CAST). However, relatively little is known about the distribution and ecological significance of I-F3 CASTs and whether they could be suitable as a tool for targeted genetic manipulation .

Ginsenoside Rh2-Liposome Potentiate Vaccine Immunity through Enhanced MHC‑I Presentation.

This study aimed to evaluate the immune-enhancing efficacy and mechanism of liposome-Rh2 as a novel vaccine adjuvant. By using an integrated preparation strategy that combined ethanol injection with high-pressure homogenization, we successfully fabricated a stable liposome-Rh2 adjuvant. Structural characterization revealed a well-defined spherical architecture with uniform particle distribution (PDI < 0.

A multicellular self-organized probiotic platform for oral delivery enhances intestinal colonization.

Stable gut colonization of probiotics is essential for sustained therapeutic effects, however traditional oral probiotic supplements often fail to adapt to the gut environment. Here, based on the observation that multicellular microcolonies instead of planktonic bacteria display a more advantageous gene pattern for colonization, we design a system encapsulating multicellular self-organized probiotic microcolonies, termed Express Microcolony Service (EMS), for efficient oral delivery and enhanced gut colonization of probiotics. Utilizing the stress-relaxing and acid-resistant property of the covalent-ionic crosslinking alginate hydrogel microsphere, the micro-cargo provides tunable nutrient supply and extracellular matrix support to facilitate microcolony self-organization.

The Assembly of a High-Efficiency Tris-benzotriazolate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Solid-State Electrolyte.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable ion transport pathways are considered promising solid-state electrolyte (SSE) candidates for developing lithium or sodium metal batteries. However, their low ionic conductivity and inferior stability with metal anodes limit practical applications. Herein we synthesized a high-stability tris-benzotriazolate-based MOFCu-TTBTwith ordered pore channels for SSE applications via a network-directed approach.

Comparative study on structural and functional properties of pectic polysaccharides from five varieties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).

Persimmons, extensively cultivated in Asia, are rich in pectin, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds, making them highly nutritious. This study analyzed the structural and functional properties of pectic polysaccharides extracted from five persimmon varieties. The results showed that the galacturonic acid content in the pectic polysaccharides of different persimmon varieties ranged from 20.

Co-loaded simvastatin-ginsenoside Rh2 liposomes enhance cellular immune responses as vaccine adjuvants.

Vaccine adjuvants are pivotal in novel vaccine development, enhancing immunization and modulating immune responses. This study prepared liposomes loaded with simvastatin and ginsenoside Rh2 (LIPO-SIM-Rh2) via high-speed shearing, rotary evaporation, and high-pressure homogenization. Using C57BL/6J mice, six groups were established to explore its immune-enhancing effects and mechanisms.

Astragaloside IV increases PDHA1 in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes to treat myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a threat to health, with high morbidity and mortality, posing a challenge to the public health system. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and potential targets of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exo) in the treatment of AMI. The effect of AS-IV in treating AMI via MSC exosomes was evaluated by cardiac ultrasound to assess cardiac function, TTC staining to observe myocardial infarction area, TUNEL staining was used to analyze cell apoptosis, and ELISA to measure the IL-6 and TNF-α in myocardial tissue.

Boosting Solar Methanol Production over Hierarchical Carbon Nanocage-Supported InO via Photoenhanced Electron Buffering Effect.

Solar methanol production represents a key technology meaningful for the production of liquid fuels as well as carbon neutralization. However, it is faced with the crucial challenge of limited reaction rate, selectivity, and stability. In this study, we develop a hierarchical carbon nanocage (hCNC)-supported InO synergistic catalyst for robust methanol production driven solely by sunlight.

Spike Signals and MD Simulations Reveal the Significance of Peptide Stretching in Nanopore Protein Sequencing.

Current nanopore protein sequencing methods lack detailed insights into the translocation dynamics of peptides within nanopores, impeding further advancements and optimizations. In this study, we have identified a unique set of spike signals that characterize the translocation process of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-peptide conjugate through nanopores. We propose a spring oscillation model (which only exhibits contraction and stretch, not classic harmonic oscillation or vibration) to explain the generation of these spike signals and validate it through experiments involving base loss, the introduction of the C6 spacer in ssDNA, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Insight into the color stability and spectral properties of the phycocyanin/okra polysaccharides complex under heat treatment conditions.

Phycocyanin (PC) is found mainly in cyanobacteria and some green algae, and it is a natural pigment. PC is extremely unstable and prone to denaturation under high temperature conditions, which limits its application in the food industry. Commonly, protein stability is improved by polysaccharide encapsulation protection of PC, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, but the characterization of the complex structure is not in-depth enough and systematic studies are lacking.

Diagnostic yield of intraoperative frozen sections obtained through robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy of brain lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections obtained through robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy of brain lesions.

Methods: The medical records of 87 patients who underwent 89 robot-assisted stereotactic biopsies of brain lesions at our institution between June 2015 and January 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were assessed using hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining of intraoperative frozen sections, and intraoperative immunohistochemical examination when necessary.

Decoupling Activity-Selectivity Trade-off in Photothermal Catalytic CO Hydrogenation: A Hydrogen Spillover-Assisted Dual-Site Synergy Mechanism.

The persistent trade-off between catalytic activity and selectivity remains a critical barrier to efficient CO valorization. Herein, we propose a concept of decoupling the activity-selectivity trade-off in the photothermal catalytic reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction by hydrogen spillover-assisted dual-site synergy. This concept is demonstrated through a hybrid catalyst constructed by immobilizing abundant Ru single sites and trace Ru clusters onto high-efficiency photothermal support of N-doped hierarchical carbon nanocages (hNCNC).

Corrigendum to "TP53 and EGFR amplification are negative predictors of overall survival in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases" [Heliyon Volume 10, Issue 16, August 2024, Article e36532].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

15 Years of Progress on Transition Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Microbial Electrochemical Hydrogen Production: From Nanoscale Design to Macroscale Application.

Designing high-performance electrocatalysts is one of the key challenges in the development of microbial electrochemical hydrogen production. Transition metal-based (TM-based) electrocatalysts are introduced as an astonishing alternative for future catalysts by addressing several disadvantages, like the high cost and low performance of noble metal and metal-free electrocatalysts, respectively. In this critical review, a comprehensive analysis of the major development of all families of TM-based catalysts from the beginning development of microbial electrolysis cells in the last 15 years is presented.

Valence-dependent activation mechanisms of persulfates by copper foam for tetracycline degradation.

Copper-based materials-mediated persulfate activation for pollutant degradation has attracted great interest, with copper species playing a crucial role in generating reactive species. However, the mechanism behind copper valence transformation during the catalytic activation of different persulfates, peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS), remains poorly understood. In this study, commercial copper foam (CF) was used as an activator to evaluate the degradation of tetracycline (TC) through different activation pathways, comparing both PDS and PMS systems.

Modified Polyethylene Oxide Solid-State Electrolytes with Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene).

Lithium-ion batteries are restricted in development due to safety issues such as poor chemical stability and flammability of organic liquid electrolytes. Replacing liquid electrolytes with solid ones is crucial for improving battery safety and performance. This study aims to enhance the performance of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based polymer via blending with poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)).

Net-Coded Organic Building Blocks for the Reticular Assembly of High-Connectivity Metal-Organic Frameworks.

High-connectivity metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of great importance in reticular chemistry because of the designed synthesis by judicious selection of organic and inorganic building blocks. However, it remains a challenge to synthesize well-defined polytopic organic linkers with a connectivity ≥ 12. Here we report the synthesis of (4,12)-connected - and (6,12)-connected -MOFs─denoted as Cu-HDTB-, In-HDTB-, Fe-HDTB-, and Zr-HDTB-─by assembly of a 12-connected dodecacarboxylate ligand and preselected inorganic nodes.

Dauricine Overcomes Osimertinib Resistance in Lung Cancer by Inducing Ferroptosis via Stabilizing SAT1.

Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) widely used to treat advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. However, resistance to osimertinib frequently develops, limiting its long-term effectiveness. In this study, we used osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer patient-derived organoids to demonstrate the potential of dauricine, a bioactive compound derived from menispermum dauricum, to overcome osimertinib resistance in lung cancer cells.

Self-Replenishable Metabolically Augmented Synbiotic Microspheres Remodel Gut-Bone Homeostasis.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is frequently accompanied by aberrant metabolism and absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, current oral probiotic therapies neglect the crucial role of probiotic-driven SCFAs metabolism in restoring gut-bone homeostasis. In this study, commencing with the sequencing of fecal samples from clinical patients with PMO, a self-replenishable metabolically augmented synbiotic microsphere (SMASM) is fabricated via a thiol-ene click reaction to restore gut-bone homeostasis using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as a viable metabolic niche and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a self-replenishable prebiotic substrate.

Effects of Saturated Soil Moisture on Fall Armyworm Pupal Development.

, known as the fall armyworm (FAW), a major invasive pest in corn, is rapidly spreading all over the world. Similarly to other Lepidoptera insects, FAW pupae usually develop in soil. Therefore, the soil moisture level is expected to be an important factor impacting their growth.

Hierarchical Carbon Nanocage-Enabled Electron Buffering to Indium Oxide for Efficient CO Hydrogenation to Methanol.

The hydrogenation of CO to methanol over InO-based catalysts is highly sensitive to the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies (O). While increasing the O concentration can enhance the catalytic performance, it also increases the risk of over-reduction during CO hydrogenation, leading to a trade-off between activity and stability. Here, we demonstrate that hierarchical carbon nanocages (hCNCs) act as effective "electron buffering agents" for InO, mitigating this trade-off and thereby enhancing the methanol yield, with nitrogen doping of hCNCs further amplifying this effect.