Polydopamine-modified foam iron for hydrogen production from herbal medicine residues via dark fermentation.

To address the critical challenges of clean utilization of herbal medicine residues, this study developed a polydopamine-modified foam iron (PDA-FI) material and systematically evaluated its enhancement effects and metabolic regulatory mechanisms during dark fermentation hydrogen production. Optimal process conditions were identified by combining single-factor experiments with an Extreme Learning Machine-Bayesian Optimization algorithm. The results showed that under optimal conditions, the cumulative hydrogen production was increased by 25.

Ginsenoside Rh2-Liposome Potentiate Vaccine Immunity through Enhanced MHC‑I Presentation.

This study aimed to evaluate the immune-enhancing efficacy and mechanism of liposome-Rh2 as a novel vaccine adjuvant. By using an integrated preparation strategy that combined ethanol injection with high-pressure homogenization, we successfully fabricated a stable liposome-Rh2 adjuvant. Structural characterization revealed a well-defined spherical architecture with uniform particle distribution (PDI < 0.

Co-loaded simvastatin-ginsenoside Rh2 liposomes enhance cellular immune responses as vaccine adjuvants.

Vaccine adjuvants are pivotal in novel vaccine development, enhancing immunization and modulating immune responses. This study prepared liposomes loaded with simvastatin and ginsenoside Rh2 (LIPO-SIM-Rh2) via high-speed shearing, rotary evaporation, and high-pressure homogenization. Using C57BL/6J mice, six groups were established to explore its immune-enhancing effects and mechanisms.

Pan-immune-inflammatory value in patients with hyperuricemia: a population-based study.

Purpose: The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is a promising biomarker that reflects systemic inflammation and aids in disease prognosis. We sought to explore the potential association between PIV and hyperuricemia in the adult population of the USA.

Methods: The data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018.

Osteocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediate the bone-to-cartilage crosstalk and promote osteoarthritis progression.

Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease, in which mechanical overloading disrupts subchondral bone remodeling before cartilage degeneration and the osteocytes in the subchondral bone are mainly responsible for mechanosensing. However, their functional role in the early osteoarthritis is still unclear. Here we show that mechanical stress induces osteocytes in subchondral bone to secrete extracellular vesicles that accelerate cartilage metabolic dysregulation in patients with both sexes and male mice.

Additive manufacturing of silicon nitride fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composites with enhanced mechanical strength and multifunctional bioactivity for load-bearing bone defect repair.

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is increasingly applied in bone defect repair due to its excellent biocompatibility and absence of artifact formation. However, the bio-inertness and inadequate mechanical properties of untreated PEEK remain significant challenges for PEEK-based implants. Hence, this study prepares a series of silicon nitride (SiN) fiber-reinforced PEEK composite porous scaffolds using twin-screw melt mixing-extrusion and material extrusion 3D printing.

Multi-Image Fusion-Based Defect Detection Method for Real-Time Monitoring of Recoating in Ceramic Additive Manufacturing.

Vat photopolymerization is characterized by its high precision and efficiency, making it a highly promising technique in ceramic additive manufacturing. However, the process faces a significant challenge in the form of recoating defects, necessitating real-time monitoring to maintain process stability. This article presents a defect detection method that leverages multi-image fusion and deep learning for identifying recoating defects in ceramic additive manufacturing.

Rational Design and Characterization of 2D Metal-Semiconductor Junctions for Optoelectronics by Combining Quantum Transport and Excited State Carrier Dynamics Simulations: Case of 2H-WTe Based Junctions.

Rising 2D metal-semiconductor junctions (MSJs) greatly advance nanoelectronics. Currently, evaluating the performance of MSJs mainly relies on determining the formation of Ohmic or Schottky contacts through static electronic structures. However, when MSJs are integrated into optoelectronic devices, dynamic transport and excited state carrier dynamics become crucial, yet the impact of the interface remains unclear.

Efficient immobilization of cellulase on polydopamine-modified nickel foam for enhanced lignocellulose conversion.

In situ saccharification of lignocellulose is essential for efficiently converting biomass into value-added products. In this study, nickel foam underwent electrochemical pore size regulation and polydopamine modification to produce polydopamine-modified foam nickel with aperture control (PNiF-AC), which was used for cellulase immobilization and in situ saccharification of wheat straw. PNiF-AC demonstrated excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and robust adsorption-desorption cycling properties.

Benchmarking copy number aberrations inference tools using single-cell multi-omics datasets.

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are an important type of genomic variation which play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. With the explosion of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), several computational methods have been developed to infer CNAs from scRNA-seq studies. However, to date, no independent studies have comprehensively benchmarked their performance.

Privacy-preserving method for face recognition based on homomorphic encryption.

In recent years, facial recognition technology has been widely adopted in modern society. However, the plaintext storage, computation, and transmission of facial data have posed significant risks of information leakage. To address this issue, this paper proposes a facial recognition framework based on approximate homomorphic encryption (HE_FaceNet), aimed at effectively mitigating privacy leaks during the facial recognition process.

Standardization of Subcutaneous Injection of Prefilled Anticoagulants Through Lean Six Sigma Management: A Before-After Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the Lean Six Sigma management approach on the standardization of nurses' prefilled anticoagulant subcutaneous injection practices, with a focus on improving anticoagulation outcomes, reducing patient complications, and enhancing overall patient satisfaction.

Background: The lack of standards for prefilled anticoagulant injection has resulted in a high complication rate, decreased patient satisfaction, and diminished service quality. This study investigated the impact of the Lean Six Sigma management approach on the standardization of nurses' prefilled anticoagulant subcutaneous injection practices.

Nanogenerators for gas sensing applications.

Gas sensors are now widely employed in many industries due to the rapid speed of industrialization and the growth of the Internet of Things. However, the wearability and mobility of traditional gas sensors are limited by their high reliance on external power sources. Nanogenerators (NGs) can compensate for their power source limitations when paired with gas sensors by transforming the environment's widely dispersed low-frequency energy into electrical energy, allowing for self-powered gas detection.

Clinical characteristics and immunotherapy response in paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome patients with increased number of high-risk antibodies.

Objective: To investigate the differences of clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes between paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) patients with one high-risk antibody and patients with two high-risk antibodies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 51 PNS patients with high-risk antibody. Clinical data were extracted from the patients' electronic medical records.

ShK-modified UCMSCs Inhibit M1-Like Macrophage Polarization and Alleviate Osteoarthritis Progression via PI3K/Akt Axis.

The potassium channel Kv1.3 plays an important role in regulating immune cell functions in many inflammatory diseases whereas rarely in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, it is demonstrated that the Kv1.

SOX2-induced IL1α-mediated immune suppression drives epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are often preceded by potentially malignant precursor lesions, most of which remain benign. The terminal exhaustion phenotypes of effector T-cells and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been thoroughly characterized in established SCC. However, it is unclear what precancerous lesions harbor a bona fide high risk for malignant transformation and how precancerous epithelial dysplasia drives the immune system to the point of no return.

Covalent bidentate ligand-enabled regioselective Wacker-type oxidation of olefins.

The utilization of Pd(ii)-catalyzed oxidation for the transformation of terminal olefins into methyl ketones has emerged as a particularly intriguing and versatile strategy in organic synthesis. Herein we report a novel Pd(ii)-catalyzed Wacker-type oxidation with covalent bidentate ligands. The ligand, 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2-dihydro-3-indazol-3-one, exhibits excellent performance in converting olefins to ketones.

Enhancement of hydrogen production in dark fermentation of corn stover hydrolysates through composite electric field pretreatment: Improving enzymatic efficiency and regulating microbial metabolic balance.

This study investigates the effects of composite electric field pretreatment (CEP) on hydrogen production from corn stover enzymatic hydrolysates in dark fermentation. The findings reveal that under optimal conditions, the CEP group achieved a cumulative hydrogen yield of 77.3  ±  2.

Exploring the Mechanism of Topical Application of Clematis Florida in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis through Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

Clematis Florida (CF) is a folk medicinal herb in the southeast of China, which is traditionally used for treating osteoarticular diseases. However, the mechanism of its action remains unclear. The present study used network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of CF in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Inulin-gel-based oral immunotherapy remodels the small intestinal microbiome and suppresses food allergy.

Despite the potential of oral immunotherapy against food allergy, adverse reactions and loss of desensitization hinder its clinical uptake. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is implicated in the increasing prevalence of food allergy, which will need to be regulated to enable for an effective oral immunotherapy against food allergy. Here we report an inulin gel formulated with an allergen that normalizes the dysregulated ileal microbiota and metabolites in allergic mice, establishes allergen-specific oral tolerance and achieves robust oral immunotherapy efficacy with sustained unresponsiveness in food allergy models.

Self-Assembled STING-Activating Coordination Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccine Applications.

The cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in innate immune activation against cancer and infections, and STING agonists based on cyclic dinucleotides (CDN) have garnered attention for their potential use in cancer immunotherapy and vaccines. However, the limited drug-like properties of CDN necessitate an efficient delivery system to the immune system. To address these challenges, we developed an immunostimulatory delivery system for STING agonists.

Optimal Treatment Parameters for Ultrasound-Stimulated Microbubbles in Upregulating Proliferation and Stemness of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Objectives: Ultrasound-targeted microbubble disruption (UTMD) is a widely used technique to improve the differentiation and proliferation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the optimal therapeutic parameters for UTMD are unclear. In this study, we aimed to find the appropriate peak negative pressure (PNP), which is a key parameter for enhancing the stemness properties and proliferation of MSCs.

Methods: Experiments were performed in UTMD group, ultrasound (US) group under different PNP exposure conditions (0.

Substrate types and applications of MXene for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely used in the analysis of analytes because of its unique fingerprint characteristics, high sensitivity, and fast detection response. MXene is widely used in SERS studies among the various substrates due to its ultra-high chemical stability, excellent conductivity, hydrophilicity, and low fabrication cost. This mini-review summarizes MXene's research in the SERS field from two aspects.