Dynamics of Deleterious Mutations and Purifying Selection in Small Population Isolates.

The genomic consequences of prolonged population decline and isolation are increasingly recognized, but quantitative assessments of mutation loads have been limited by low population-level replication in individual studies. Moreover, how inbreeding and purifying selection shape the genomic landscape of deleterious variation remains poorly understood. We evaluated the abundance and frequency of putative deleterious mutations, characterized the landscape of deleterious variation, and measured the efficacy of purifying selection in 17 wild nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations covering varying levels of inbreeding (FROH = 0.

AlgicideDB: a comprehensive database enhanced by large language models for algicide management and discovery.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and intensity worldwide, posing significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, fisheries, and human health. While chemical algicides are widely used for HABs control due to their rapid efficacy, the lack of systematic data integration and concerns over environmental toxicity limit their broader application. To address these challenges, we developed AlgicideDB, a manually curated database containing 1,672 algicidal records on 542 algicides targeting 110 algal species.

Towards Identifying Objectivity in Short Informal Text.

Short informal texts are increasingly prevalent in modern communication, often containing fragmented grammar, personal opinions, and limited context. Traditional NLP tasks for the texts ordinarily focus on the subjective aspect learning, such as sentiment analysis and polarity classification. The study of learning objectivity from the texts is similarly significant, which can benefit many real-world applications including information filtering, content verification, etc.

Amino acid-based risk stratification model improves prognostic precision in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We hope to provide a new conceptual basis for evaluating patient prognosis and guiding diagnosis and treatment. Twenty patients newly diagnosed with DLBCL were selected as the experimental group, and 10 healthy volunteers composed the control group.

Rate of de novo mutations in the three-spined stickleback.

As a fundamentally important genetic parameter and evolutionary force, germline mutation rates have many applications in evolutionary biology. However, accurate estimates of de novo mutation (DNM) rates are still relatively scarce, even for extensively studied evolutionary biology models. We estimated DNM rates for the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), the 'supermodel' of ecology and evolutionary biology.

Metastable Phase Engineering of Core@Shell RuFe@Ru for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution.

Phase engineering and the construction of core-shell structures of noble nanomaterials are powerful strategies for regulating their functional properties. In this work, we operated phase engineering on a catalyst with a core@shell structure, where the core is a metastable face-centered-cubic (fcc) RuFe alloy and the shell is metastable Ru (fcc RuFe@fcc Ru). Corresponding characterizations and electrochemical analyses reveal that the catalytic performance is highly dependent on both the core@shell structure and the crystal phase.

Synergistic effects of air pollution and artificial light at night on diabetes risk: A prospective cohort study.

Previous studies have indicated associations between air pollutants, outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure, and diabetes risk, but their interactive effects remain insufficiently validated. Based on data from two large Chinese cohorts (CHARLS and CFPS) with 28,903 participants followed for 3 years (2013-2018), we employed Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the associations of pollutants and outdoor ALAN with diabetes incidence risk and their interactions, along with stratified analyses. Results demonstrated significant linear relationships between PM and PM concentrations and diabetes risk.

Risk factors for postoperative anastomotic leakage in obstructive left colonic carcinoma.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most severe complications of colon carcinoma surgery. This study aims to investigate the related factors of AL and evaluate the independent risk factors in predicting AL after one-stage resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) for obstructive left colonic carcinoma (OLCC) patients. The demographic and clinical data, intra-operative indexes, pathologic characteristics, and ileocecal valve status shown on CT of the patients with OLCC who submitted to one-stage RPA were retrospectively analyzed.

Assessing neonatal brain glymphatic system development using diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space and choroid plexus volume.

Purpose: Neonatal brain development constitutes a critical period of structural and functional maturation underpinning sensory, motor, and cognitive capacities. The glymphatic system-a cerebral waste clearance network-remains poorly understood in neonates. We investigated non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers of glymphatic system and their developmental correlates in neonates.

Research trajectory and future trends in curcumin related to immunity: a bibliometric analysis of publications from last two decades.

Curcumin has a clear immunopharmacological effect and plays an important role as an immune agent in various immune diseases and tumor immunotherapy. To comprehensively and scientifically clarify and reflect the development process, current status, and research trends of curcumin in the field of immune regulation, and to provide reliable insights for discipline development strategies and future research expansion, this study systematically analyzes 3939 valid articles related to curcumin and immunity published between 2004 and 2024 from the Web of Science database. Using Citespace and R-bibliometrix software for bibliometric analysis, we create visual knowledge maps from multiple dimensions including overall publication output, influential research entities, highly cited papers, research topics and hotspots.

Multimodal MRI analysis of COVID-19 effects on pediatric brain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on the central nervous system, including the brain. While the effects on adult populations are well documented, less is known about its implications for pediatric populations. This study investigates alterations in cortical metrics and structural covariance networks (SCNs) based on the Local Gyrification Index (LGI) in children with mild COVID-19, alongside changes in non-invasive MRI proxies related to glymphatic function.

The Progress of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (Review).

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease originating from plasma cells that remains incurable. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an important treatment method for MM. With the development of new drugs, the treatment of MM patients who meet the ASCT criteria has significantly improved, and the median survival time has increased by 8-10 years.

Molecular insights and treatment innovations: Advancing outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia‑related changes (Review).

Acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia‑related (AML‑MR), a challenging and aggressive subtype of AML, is characterized by unique genetic abnormalities and molecular features, which contribute to its poor prognosis compared with other AML subtypes. The present review summarizes the current understanding of AML‑MR pathogenesis, highlighting notable advancements in genetic and cytogenetic insights. Critical mutations, such as those in the tumor antigen p53 and additional sex combs like 1 genes, and their role in disease progression and resistance to treatment, are explored.

Artemisia annua L. leaf extracts suppress influenza virus infection by targeting the viral nucleoprotein and blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.

Artemisia annua L. is a medicinal herb with multiple therapeutic applications, whereas its anti-influenza A virus (IAV) efficiency and mechanism of action are still unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibition activity and mechanism of A.

Valorization of rapeseed straw through the enhancement of cellulose accessibility, lignin removal and xylan elimination using an n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromide-based deep eutectic solvent.

n-Alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based deep eutectic solvent (DESs) has potential in the efficient delignification and utilization of carbohydrates in biomass. In this research, DESs containing Brønsted acid and Lewis acid were prepared with CTAB (alkyl-chain length 12-18), organic acids and metal chlorides, and the optimal treatment conditions were acquired by pretreatment optimization. Through the pretreatment with TTAB/LCA/Fe (1:4:0.

The interaction of bacteria and harmonine in harlequin ladybird confers an interspecies competitive edge.

The harlequin ladybird, , is a predatory beetle used globally to control pests such as aphids and scale insects. Originating from East Asia, this species has become highly invasive since its introduction in the late 19th century to Europe and North America, posing a threat to local biodiversity. Intraguild predation is hypothesized to drive the success of this invasive species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Mitochondria-Rich Microvesicles Alleviate CNI ED by Transferring Mitochondria and Suppressing Local Ferroptosis.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) frequently arises as a complication of pelvic surgeries, including rectal and prostate surgery, and has no definitive cure. This study explored whether mitochondria-rich microvesicles (MVs) can be used to treat ED stemming from cavernous nerve injury (CNI) and investigated its potential mechanisms.

Methods: We isolated MVs and mitochondria (MT) from PC12.

PSO-NMPC control strategy based path tracking control of mining LHD (scraper).

The automation of underground articulated vehicles is a critical step in advancing digital and smart mining. Current nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) controllers face challenges such as delays in turning on large curvature paths and correction lags during the control of underground the Load-Haul-Dump (LHD). To address these issues, this paper proposes a PSO-NMPC control strategy that integrates a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) into the NMPC controller to enhance path tracking for LHDs.

The Antifungal Effects of Berberine and Its Proposed Mechanism of Action Through CYP51 Inhibition, as Predicted by Molecular Docking and Binding Analysis.

Fungal infections present a significant health risk, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, though its antifungal potential and underlying mechanisms against both yeast-like and filamentous fungi are not fully understood. This study investigates the antifungal efficacy of berberine against , , , and in vitro, as well as its therapeutic potential in a murine model of cryptococcal infection.

Micro-CT data of complete metamorphosis process in Harmonia axyridis.

Insect metamorphosis involves significant changes in insect internal structure and is thus a critical focus of entomological research. Investigating the morphological transformation of internal structures is vital to understanding the origins of adult insect organs. Beetles are among the most species-rich groups in insects, but the development and transformation of their internal organs have yet to be systematically documented.

Integrative analysis of LAG3 immune signature and identification of a LAG3-related genes prognostic signature in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has resulted in improved overall survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), but most treated patients fail to show durable clinical responses. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) is a novel inhibitory immune checkpoint, but its expression pattern, prognostic value, and immunological role in KIRC remain unknown. In this study, we utilized TCGA_KIRC RNA-sequencing data to analyze the relationship between LAG3 expression and clinical features.

Lenalidomide use in multiple myeloma (Review).

Lenalidomide is a second-generation new immunomodulatory medication used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). Its mechanism of action involves affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, cytochrome , caspase-8, as well as other factors including immunological modulation and the direct killing of cells, among others, rendering it a fundamental medication, useful for the treatment of MM. Combining lenalidomide with other medications such dexamethasone, bortezomib, ixazomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab can markedly alleviate MM.

Unraveling the complex evolutionary history of lepidopteran chromosomes through ancestral chromosome reconstruction and novel chromosome nomenclature.

Background: Lepidoptera is one of the most species-rich animal groups, with substantial karyotype variations among species due to chromosomal rearrangements. Knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of lepidopteran chromosomes still needs to be improved.

Results: Here, we used chromosome-level genome assemblies of 185 lepidopteran insects to reconstruct an ancestral reference genome and proposed a new chromosome nomenclature.