Newly discovered and conserved role of IgM against viral infection in an early vertebrate.

IgM emerged in jawed vertebrates 500 Mya and remains the most evolutionarily conserved antibody class. However, despite extensive studies on IgM as an ancient antiviral weapon in warm-blooded vertebrates, its role and mechanisms in combating viral infections in early vertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, significant virus-specific sIgM titers are generated in the serum and gut mucus of a teleost fish (largemouth bass) that survive infection, and fish lacking sIgM were more susceptible to viral infection.

Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation as Minimally Invasive Approaches for Managing Benign Thyroid Nodule.

The management of benign thyroid nodules has evolved significantly with the advent of minimally invasive techniques, offering patients effective alternatives to traditional surgery. Among these, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) have emerged as the leading modalities. RFA, the most widely adopted method, uses high frequency alternating current to induce thermal coagulation.

Efficient super-resolution Bayesian eletromagnetic brain imaging.

Electromagnetic source imaging at superresolution presents a significant challenge, requiring the estimation of several thousand parameters of complex brain activity from a limited number of sensor data. Sparse Bayesian learning offers robustness in reconstructing complex sources compared to classical methods. However, existing Bayesian approaches for super-resolution brain imaging suffer from 1) computational inefficiency due to numerous hyperparameters and iterations, and 2) reliance on arbitrary thresholds for determining active brain sources.

HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance and Transmission Clusters among Newly Diagnosed Patients in the China-Myanmar Border Region, 2020-2023.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients between 2020 and 2023 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China.

Methods: Demographic information and plasma samples were collected from study participants. PDR was assessed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.

Enhancing Thyroid Nodule Characterization: Integrating TI-RADS With Ultrasound Viscosity Imaging for Improved Diagnostic Accuracy.

Objective: To investigate and validate the clinical utility of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) combined with ultrasound viscosity imaging for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Methods: This prospective diagnostic study enrolled 437 consecutive patients with 437 thyroid nodules referred to our institution between February 2022 and August 2024. Participants were stratified into a development cohort (DC, n = 306) and a validation cohort (VC, n = 131) based on enrollment chronology.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Fast Quality Prediction of Bottle Gourd.

Protein and amino acid content are the crucial quality parameters in bottle gourd, and traditional measurement methods for detecting those parameters are complicated, time-consuming, and costly. In this study, we employed NIRS along with machine learning and neural network-based methods to model and predict protein and free amino acids (FAAs) of bottle gourd. Specifically, the content of protein and FAAs were measured through conventional methods.

An ultrasound-based model for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early stage triple negative breast cancer patients.

Background: The accurate identification of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) likely to achieve pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) holds significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to establish a prediction model that incorporate clinical data and ultrasound features to predict pCR among TNBC patients as early as possible after the initial two NAC cycles.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2021, a total of 262 patients were recruited and divided into training and validation groups at a 7:3 ratio.

Artesunate Nanoplatform Targets the Serine-MAPK Axis in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Reverse Photothermal Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in inducing photothermal therapy (PTT) resistance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but with unclear mechanism. Herein, aminoethyl anisamide-modified nano-biomimetic low-density lipoprotein (A-aLDL) is used to target deliver the PTT agent and artesunate (ARS) to both CAFs and cancer cells. Though CAFs are sensitive to PTT and notably transition to heat-resistant phenotype, the formed protective barrier is destroyed by ARS.

Target detection enhancement method through multi-dimensional information differential projection and fusion.

As a powerful detection tool, spectral polarization imaging (SPI) reveals spatial, spectral, and polarization characteristics. When combined with deep learning, its detection capabilities can be further improved. However, SPI requires the acquisition and processing of large-scale data, and it is still facing significant challenges in detecting targets in complex scenes with reduced contrast, loss of spatial structures, and cluttered backgrounds.

The association between china's primary health care reform and inequalities in primary care utilisation and maternal mortality: a quasi-experimental longitudinal study from 2010 to 2019.

Background: China's maternal health has substantial inequalities across regions, a similar challenge faced by many low- and middle-income countries. The Chinese government launched a comprehensive health reform since 2015 to deliver more affordable and equitable primary health care (PHC), with pregnant women being a priority group of beneficiaries. However, little is known about the impacts of this PHC reform on primary care utilisation among pregnant women or maternal health inequalities.

The malignant possibility of intraductal lesions with different ultrasound manifestations under different age and nipple discharge status.

Background: Due to their heterogeneous nature, the diagnosis and treatment of intraductal lesions are controversial. It is not yet clear whether biopsy or open surgery should be recommended for all women with intraductal lesions. We aimed to identify the risk factors of intraductal lesions, which are often malignant.

Versatile and Robust Reservoir Computing with PWM-Driven Heterogenous R-C Circuits.

Physical reservoir computing (PRC) holds great promise for low-latency, energy-efficient information processing, yet current implementations often suffer from limited flexibility, adaptability, and environmental stability. Here, a PRC system based on pulse-width modulation (PWM)-encoded resistor-capacitor (R-C) circuits is introduced, achieving exceptional versatility and robustness. By leveraging customizable nonlinearities and dynamic timescales, this system achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks, including chaotic time-series forecasting (NRMSE = 0.

Effectiveness of scaffolded case-based learning in anesthesiology residency training: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Medical residents often struggle with complex clinical scenarios that require sophisticated decision-making skills. While case-based discussion (CBD) is widely used in medical education, its effectiveness can be limited by insufficient guidance and structured support. Scaffolding teaching, which provides graduated assistance aligned with learners' development, may address these limitations.

Using Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as a Shear-Wave Elastography Imaging Biomarker to Predict Anti-PD-1 Efficacy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

In the clinical setting, the efficacy of single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains suboptimal. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop predictive biomarkers to identify non-responders. Considering that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent an integral component of the tumor microenvironment that affects the stiffness of solid tumors on shear-wave elastography (SWE) imaging, wound healing CAFs (WH CAFs) were identified in highly heterogeneous TNBC.

Lower adenoma detection rate in anesthesia assisted colonoscopy: a retrospective study.

Objectives: As anesthesia assisted (AA) colonoscopy becomes increasingly popular, there has been concern about its impact on the quality of colonoscopy examinations. We aimed to clarify the impact of anesthesia assistance on the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and non-adenomatous polyp detection rate (PDR) of colonoscopy.

Methods: We collected data from patients undergoing colonoscopy throughout the year 2023 at our institution, with a total of 16,465 cases identified for potential analysis.

Specific Activation of the STING Pathway by Engineering Piezoelectric Hydrogel Microspheres for Boosting Implant Infection Immunotherapy.

Implant-associated infections (IAIs) represent the primary cause of prosthetic implant failure. Bacterial biofilms hinder the host's immune response, creating ″immune cold zones.″ ″Immune activation therapy″ presents a viable strategy for addressing IAIs.

Structured noise champagne: an empirical Bayesian algorithm for electromagnetic brain imaging with structured noise.

Introduction: Electromagnetic brain imaging is the reconstruction of brain activity from non-invasive recordings of electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and also from invasive ones such as the intracranial recording of electrocorticography (ECoG), intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), and stereo electroencephalography EEG (sEEG). These modalities are widely used techniques to study the function of the human brain. Efficient reconstruction of electrophysiological activity of neurons in the brain from EEG/MEG measurements is important for neuroscience research and clinical applications.

pIgR-like4.2 enhances the antiviral immune response of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus.

The mucosal immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against external pathogens and preserving homeostasis. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) is a critical component of this system, responsible for facilitating the transport and secretion of soluble polymeric immunoglobulins across epithelial cells, thereby contributing to immune defense. In zebrafish, a pIgR-like (pIgRL) family exists, among which pIgRL4.

FGFBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression through the KLK10-AKT axis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly malignant, with rapid tumor growth and metastasis. Due to ER-, PR- and HER2-of TNBC, FGFR pathway play a pivotal role in the progression of TNBC. Its ligand FGFs is mostly released from the extracellular matrix by fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGFBP1).

Survival analysis and establishment of prognostic nomograms for primary breast signet ring cell carcinoma.

Primary breast signet ring cell carcinoma (BSRCC) is an extremely rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Few consensus exists regarding the prognostic factors and treatment modalities. This study aimed to develop a nomogram model to predict survival probability and guide clinical treatment for BSRCC patients.

Identification and characterization of a novel reovirus strain isolated fromgrass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Background: Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease (GCHD) is a devastating disease that leads to substantial economic losses in the freshwater aquaculture industry.

Results: In this study, we investigated an outbreak of GCHD in large-scale grass carp and identified GCRV-II infection. Notably, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed severe histopathological changes in the spleen, head kidney, gill, and gut.

Impact of China's primary healthcare reforms on utilisation, payments and self-reported health: a quasi-experimental analysis of a middle-aged and older cohort 2011-2018.

Background: Comprehensive health reforms aimed at strengthening primary healthcare (PHC) are infrequently adopted and often poorly evaluated in low-income and middle-income countries. China launched a system-wide PHC reform with a staggered roll-out between 2014 and 2018 with multiple components: (1) gatekeeping via tiered reimbursement, (2) a family physician scheme and (3) a two-way referral system between PHC facilities and hospitals. This study examines the reform impacts on health service utilisation, out-of-pocket expenditures, health outcomes and health inequalities.

The research progress of label-free optical imaging technology in intraoperative real-time navigation of parathyroid glands.

Intraoperative misidentification or vascular injury to the parathyroid glands can lead to hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia, resulting in serious postoperative complications. Therefore, functional localization of the parathyroid glands during thyroid (parathyroid) surgery is a key focus and challenge in thyroid surgery. The current clinical prospects of various optical imaging technologies for intraoperative localization, identification, and protection of parathyroid glands varies.

Antagonist Targeting the Species-Specific Fatty Acid Dehydrogenase/Isomerase FabX for Anti-H. pylori Infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a group-1 definite pathogenic carcinogen that infects approximately half of the global population, yet no species-specific chemotherapy has yet been developed. It is previously discovered that H.