Highly Exposed Subnanometric Palladium Ensembles on Yttrium Oxide Enable Boosted Catalytic Performance for Heck Cross-Coupling Reactions.

Developing high-performance supported metal catalysts for the Heck cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides is appealing but challenging. Single atom catalysts (SACs) have shown potential for various reactions, but insufficient metallic properties and electronic quantum states of the mononuclear metal sites can not efficiently catalyze complicated molecular transformations. Herein, we report an efficient heterogeneous catalyst with highly exposed subnanometric palladium ensembles decorated over oxygen vacancy-containing yttrium oxide (Pd/YO) designed to overcome these limitations.

Carbon-Caged-Yttria Catalysts for Stable Electrosynthesis of HO in Concentrated Acid.

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO), with renewable electricity, air, and water as inputs, offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. Performing HO electrosynthesis in concentrated acid offers advantages in functionality and energy efficiency over alkaline media yet is currently limited by short longevity. Here, we first investigate the origins of performance loss of oxidized carbon, a proven catalyst for HO electrosynthesis, and observe its gradual reduction to pristine carbon during acidic electrolysis.

Treatment Persistence in Rheumatoid Arthritis Before and After Etanercept Biosimilar Introduction: A Nationwide Australian Real-World Study.

Background: Australia has one of the highest rates of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) worldwide. Etanercept, a widely used biologic for severe RA, has had a publicly subsidised biosimilar available in Australia since 2017. However, real-world data on how biosimilar availability has affected treatment patterns remain limited.

Development and validation of a pathomics model for accurate grading of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Accurate detection of the histological grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) is important for patients' prognoses and treatment. Traditional grading methods based on mitotic count and Ki-67 index are subjective and time-consuming. In this work, we developed and validated a pathomics model for accurate grading of PanNETs.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Psychotropic Medication Use in Older Adults in Australia: A Nationwide Data Linkage Study.

Background And Objectives: Psychotropic medications are associated with an increased risk of adverse drug events in older adults, yet national data on their use in Australia remain limited. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among older Australians and to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with their use.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using national linked data from the 2021 Census and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).

An mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated nanofiber-hydrogel composite for cancer immunotherapy.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for various biomedical applications. Notably, the engineered nanofiber-hydrogel composite (NHC) has proven effective in mimicking the soft tissue extracellular matrix, facilitating substantial recruitment of host immune cells and the formation of a local immunostimulatory microenvironment. Leveraging this feature, here we report an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-incorporated NHC microgel matrix, termed LiNx, by incorporating LNPs loaded with mRNA encoding tumour antigens.

Microneedle Patch for In Situ Neutrophil Monitoring.

Monitoring neutrophil levels plays an essential role in diagnosing infections and various diseases, as well as for managing specific treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the traditional complete blood count technique is invasive and challenging for quick and frequent monitoring of neutrophil. Herein, a button-like microneedle patch for rapid and convenient detection of neutrophil levels is reported without vascular invasion.

Mild and ultrafast GLORI enables absolute quantification of mA methylome from low-input samples.

Methods for absolute quantification of N-methyladenosine (mA) have emerged as powerful tools in epitranscriptomics. We previously reported GLORI, a chemical-assisted approach to achieve unbiased and precise mA measurement. However, its lengthy reaction time and severe RNA degradation have limited its applicability, particularly for low-input samples.

Sitting Time, Leisure-Time Physical Activity, and Risk of Mortality Among US Stroke Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study From the NHANES 2007 to 2018.

Background: Stroke survivors are highly sedentary and engage in minimal physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the independent and joint effects of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity on survival among stroke survivors.

Methods: The nationally representative cohort included 1446 stroke survivors (weighted population, 6 968 723) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018.

High Frequency of Chronic Urticaria Following an Investigational HIV-1 BG505 MD39.3 Trimer mRNA Vaccine in a Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial (HVTN 302).

Background: The mRNA platform is under investigation for many vaccines, including HIV-1 vaccines.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of 3 investigational HIV-1 trimer mRNA vaccines.

Design: Safety analysis of mRNA vaccination in a phase 1, randomized, open-label trial.

Instrumenting Carotid Sonography Biomarkers and Polygenic Risk Score As a Novel Screening Approach for Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: Retinal detachment (RD) is a vision-threatening condition that manifests silently before abrupt disease onset; thus, most of the RD at-risk individuals are left unchecked until the first RD attack.

Methods: To establish an RD risk-informing system for a broader population, we utilized carotid ultrasonography (CUS) biometrics, RD polygenic risk score (PRSRD), and clinical covariates (COVs) to assess RD risk predisposition factors. First, a backpropagation logistic regression model identified RD-associated CUS biomarkers and further incorporated them as a multivariable RD-risk nomogram.

Dissociation of Structural and Functional Connectivity and Metabolism in the Neocortex of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: A Simultaneous PET/MRI Multimodal Study.

Background And Purpose: Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) accounts for approximately 20% of epilepsy cases. Characterized by generalized spike-wave discharge, IGE is increasingly recognized as a network disorder with potential metabolic underpinnings. This study leverages the advantages of simultaneous PET/MRI, which enables the concurrent acquisition of MRI and PET data, to integrate structural connectivity (SC), functional connectivity (FC), and glucose metabolism into a unified framework.

Clinical Trial: Precise Administration of Sucralfate Powder in Prevention of Delayed Postpolypectomy Bleeding. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Delayed postpolypectomy bleeding occurs in approximately 1%-2% of all patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy, and this rate increases to 6% in patients with large (>2 cm) colon polyps. Sucralfate can protect the mucosa and promote its healing. This study was conducted to investigate whether colonoscopic spraying of sucralfate powder on polypectomy wounds can prevent delayed postoperative bleeding.

The Identification and Characterization of the Gene Family in Oliv. Heteromorphic Leaves Provide a Theoretical Basis for the Functional Study of .

Oliv. typically has four kinds of heteromorphic leaves: linear (Li), lanceolate (La), ovate (Ov) and broad ovate (Bo). Heteromorphic leaves help adapt to extreme desert environments and further contribute to protection against land desertification in Northwest China.

Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution Reconstruction on Undersampled Brain Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Infarction Stroke: A Comparison to Conventional Iterative Reconstruction.

Background And Purpose: DWI is crucial for detecting infarction stroke. However, its spatial resolution is often limited, hindering accurate lesion visualization. Our aim was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic confidence of deep learning (DL)-based super-resolution reconstruction for brain DWI of infarction stroke.

A stable and biocompatible shortwave infrared nanoribbon for dual-channel in vivo imaging.

The shortwave infrared (SWIR) region is an ideal spectral window for next-generation bioimaging to harness improved penetration and reduced phototoxicity. SWIR spectral activity may also be accessed via supramolecular dye aggregation. Unfortunately, development of dye aggregation remains challenging.

Tenecteplase Thrombolysis for Stroke up to 24 Hours After Onset With Perfusion Imaging Selection: The CHABLIS-T II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Whether it is effective and safe to extend the time window of intravenous thrombolysis up to 24 hours after the last known well is unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large/medium vessel occlusion within an extended time window.

Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke presenting 4.

Fundus Curvature as a Clinical Marker for Posterior Staphyloma Based on Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To investigate the ability to quantify fundus curvature and detect posterior staphyloma using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Cross-sectional diagnostic evaluation.

Methods: This study reviewed 205 highly myopic eyes of 205 participants.

Linking Iris Cis-Regulatory Variants to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Via Clinical Imaging and Multiomics.

Purpose: To elucidate the genetic basis of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) by identifying pathogenic tissue and critical tissue-specific variants.

Methods: The correlations among PACG susceptibility, axial length (AL), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were evaluated using meta-analyses. Propensity score matching was utilized on 2161 participants from the Handan Eye Study to determine the risk factors independent of ACD and AL for PACG.

Effect of climate change on (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu & S. J. Hsuan distribution adopting temporal data, ArcGIS, and the MaxEnt model.

(Vaniot) C. Y. Wu & S.

Modified C-type natriuretic peptide normalizes tumor vasculature, reinvigorates antitumor immunity, and improves solid tumor therapies.

Deficit of oxygen and nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers abnormal angiogenesis that produces dysfunctional and leaky blood vessels, which fail to adequately perfuse tumor tissues. Resulting hypoxia, exacerbation of metabolic disturbances, and generation of an immunosuppressive TME undermine the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Use of carefully scheduled angiogenesis inhibitors has been suggested to overcome these problems and normalize the TME.

Development and Validation of a Supplementary Grading Scale for Outcomes of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations.

Background: Surgical risk assessment is intriguing for clinical decision-making of brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM) treatment. While the BSCM grading scale, encompassing size, developmental venous anomaly, crossing axial midpoint, age, and timing of intervention, is increasingly utilized, the clinical relevance of neurological fluctuation and recurrent hemorrhage has not been incorporated. This study aimed to propose a supplementary grading scale with enhanced predictive efficacy.

Dammarane-type triterpenoids from Gynostemma longipes and their protective activities on hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells.

Sixteen new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins (1-16) featuring diverse structural variations in the side chain at C-17, along with twenty-one known analogues (17-37), have been isolated from the rhizomes of Gynostemma longipes C. Y. Wu, a plant renowned for its medicinal and edible properties.