Intestinal bacteria translocation promotes β-cell dysfunction in DIO mice.

Awareness of the intestinal microflora involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has now become more evident. However, direct mechanical insight is required to illustrate the contribution of intestinal microflora in the disease progression. In this study, we aimed to precisely assess the changes in intestinal bacteria translocation (IBT) from gut to the pancreas using combinations of FISH, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and deep learning-assisted methods to track IBT in diet-induced obese (DIO) and antibiotic-induced microbiota disruption (AIMD)-DIO mouse models.

Comprehensive study of the murine MASH models' applicability by comparing human liver transcriptomes.

Aims: Multiple murine models, including high-fat diet (HFD), methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD), choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDA-HFD), Western diet (WD), carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) injection, and Gubra-Amylin diet (GAN), are widely used for mechanistic studies and therapeutic evaluation in MASH research. However, due to species-specific differences in metabolism, lifespan, and dietary composition, no single model could fully recapitulate the onset and progression of human MASH. Therefore, a detailed transcriptomic reference is urgently needed to better guide model selection and experimental design.

Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog C was associated with motor progression in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The SNP rs2414739 of Vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog C(VPS13C) gene was identified to be linked with Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Objectives: Explore the clinical progression feature of PD patients with rs2414739 variant.

Methods: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) cohorts.

The Influence of Coaxial Ultrasound on the Droplet Transfer of High Nitrogen Steel GMAW Process.

The nitrogen bubble bursting phenomenon during the welding process of high nitrogen steel (HNS) can lead to unstable droplet transfer and welding process, reducing the quality of weld formation. In this study, a novel approach, ultrasonic-assisted gas metal arc welding (U-GMAW), is proposed to suppress the escape of nitrogen gas during droplet transfer. This study investigates the influence of ultrasound on the metal transfer process during two distinct metal transfer modes: short-circuiting and droplet transfer.

Novel Function of Osteocalcin in Chondrocyte Differentiation and Endochondral Ossification Revealed on a CRISPR/Cas9 Deficiency Mouse Model.

Endochondral ossification is the process by which cartilage is mineralized into bone, and is essential for the development of long bones. Osteocalcin (OCN), a protein abundant in bone matrix, also exhibits high expression in chondrocytes, especially hypertrophic chondrocytes, while its role in endochondral ossification remains unclear. Utilizing a new CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency (OCN) mouse model generated in our laboratory, we provide the first evidence of OCN's regulatory function in chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral ossification.

Two-pore potassium channel TREK-1 (K2P2.1) regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages.

Because of the importance of potassium efflux in inflammasome activation, we investigated the role of the two-pore potassium (K2P) channel TREK-1 in macrophage inflammasome activity. Using primary alveolar macrophages (AMs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type (wt) and mice, we measured responses to inflammasome priming [using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and activation (LPS + ATP). We measured IL-1β, caspase-1, and NLRP3 via ELISA and Western blot.

Regulation of Osteoimmune Microenvironment and Osteogenesis by 3D-Printed PLAG/black Phosphorus Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.

The treatment of bone defects remains a significant challenge to be solved clinically. Immunomodulatory properties of orthopedic biomaterials have significance in regulating osteoimmune microenvironment for osteogenesis. A lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold incorporates black phosphorus (BP) fabricated by 3D printing technology to investigate the effect of BP on osteoimmunomodulation and osteogenesis in site.

Small intestinal microbiota composition altered in obesity-T2DM mice with high salt fed.

Obesity has become a global concern because of increasing the risk of many diseases. Alterations in human gut microbiota have been proven to be associated with obesity, yet the mechanism of how the microbiota are altered by high salt diet (HSD) remains obscure. In this study, the changes of Small Intestinal Microbiota (SIM) in obesity-T2DM mice were investigated.

Impact of Beauveria bassiana on antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolomic profiles of Spodoptera frugiperda.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest that poses a serious threat to the production of food and crops. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana, have shown potential for S. frugiperda control.

Cervical vertebrae for early bone loss evaluation in osteoporosis mouse models.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP), a systemic skeletal disease common in aged population, is an important public health problem worldwide. Animal models are important tools for understanding OP. In ovariectomy (OVX) or orchiectomy (ORX) OP models, lumbar vertebrae are often used for evaluating of the OP progression.

Efficacy of nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution on virus clearance for COVID-19 patients.

Background: Recent studies have shown that the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is reduced under alkaline conditions. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution on virus clearance among COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: COVID-19 patients were recruited and randomly divided into two group, i.

Ca deficiency triggers panicle degeneration in rice mediated by Ca /H exchanger OsCAX1a.

Increasing rice yield has always been one of the primary objectives of rice breeding. However, panicle degeneration often occurs in rice-growing regions and severely curbs rice yield. In this study, we obtained a new apical panicle degeneration mutant, which induces a marked degeneration rate and diminishes the final grain yield.

Strategies for indica rice adapted to high-temperature stress in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

High temperatures caused by climate warming severely affect the grain yield and quality of rice. In this study, the rice cultivars Longliangyou Huazhan (LLYHZ) and Quanliangyou 2118 (QLY2118) were selected as the experimental materials for investigation of an optimal cultivation system under high-temperature treatment. In addition, the heat-resistant cultivar Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and heat-sensitive cultivar Huiliangyou 858 (HLY858) were chosen as the experimental materials to study the effects of exogenous plant growth regulators on heat stress responses under high-temperature treatment.

Preclinical evaluation of acute systemic toxicity of magnesium incorporated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) porous scaffolds by three-dimensional printing.

Biodegradable polymer scaffolds combined with bioactive components which accelerate osteogenesis and angiogenesis have promise for use in clinical bone defect repair. The preclinical acute toxicity evaluation is an essential assay of implantable biomaterials to assess the biosafety for accelerating clinical translation. We have successfully developed magnesium (Mg) particles and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for incorporation into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous composite scaffolds (PTM) using low-temperature rapid prototyping three-dimensional-printing technology.

Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery is a sustainable weight loss approach, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Obesity exacerbates tumor growth, while diet-induced weight loss impairs progression. It remains unknown how bariatric surgery-induced weight loss impacts cancer progression or alters response to therapy.

The pancreatic cancer immune tumor microenvironment is negatively remodeled by gemcitabine while TGF-β receptor plus dual checkpoint inhibition maintains antitumor immune cells.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumors have a highly immunosuppressive desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME) where immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy has been exceptionally ineffective. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor activation leads to cancer and immune cell proliferation and phenotype, and cytokine production leading to tumor progression and worse overall survival in PDA patients. We hypothesized that TGF-β receptor inhibition may alter PDA progression and antitumor immunity in the TME.

Economic recovery forecasts under impacts of COVID-19.

This paper proposes a joint model by combining the time-varying coefficient susceptible-infected-removal model with the hierarchical Bayesian vector autoregression model. This model establishes the relationship between several critical macroeconomic variables and pandemic transmission states and performs economic predictions under two predefined pandemic scenarios. The empirical part of the model predicts the economic recovery of several countries severely affected by COVID-19 (e.

Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms systemic immune landscape and tumor microenvironment in obesity-associated breast cancer.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes in some cancers. A major limitation of ICB is that most patients fail to respond, which is partly attributable to immunosuppression. Obesity appears to improve immune checkpoint therapies in some cancers, but impacts on breast cancer (BC) remain unknown.

Multifunctional magnesium incorporated scaffolds by 3D-Printing for comprehensive postsurgical management of osteosarcoma.

Clinical treatment of Osteosarcoma (OS) encounters great challenges of postsurgical tumor recurrence and extensive bone defect. To address these issues, innovative multifunctional PLGA/Mg porous scaffolds were designed for comprehensive postsurgical management of OS. The PLGA/Mg composite scaffolds exhibited several unique features: (1) The multiple functions of Mg particles were explored for the first time to fulfill the requirement for postsurgical management of OS.

Discovery of a specific volatile substance from rice grain and its application in controlling stored-grain pests.

The research of host insect-resistance is a hot spot in the field of controlling storage pests. However, the mechanism of host resistance to storage pests is still unclear. Some researchers think it is related to grain cracking characters of rice husk, while others have linked it to volatile compounds in rice grains.

Newly identified peptide hormone inhibits intestinal fat absorption and improves NAFLD through its receptor GPRC6A.

Background & Aims: Circulating peptides and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have gained much attention because of their biofunctions in metabolic disorders including obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Herein, we aimed to characterize the role and therapeutic potential of a newly identified peptide hormone in NAFLD.

Methods: Using bioinformatics, we identified a murine circulating pentadecapeptide flanked by potential convertase cleavage sites of osteocalcin (OCN), which we named 'metabolitin (MTL)'.

Microarray Profiling and Coexpression Network Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs in Adipose Tissue of Obesity-T2DM Mouse.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand more about long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential prediction biomarkers or therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to find more lncRNA candidates related to obesity and T2DM.

Methods: In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity-T2DM mouse model was used, and a mRNA and lncRNA expression map was drawn up in adipose tissue by microarray technology.

Osteogenic magnesium incorporated into PLGA/TCP porous scaffold by 3D printing for repairing challenging bone defect.

Bone defect repair is a challenging clinical problem in musculoskeletal system, especially in orthopaedic disorders such as steroid associated osteonecrosis (SAON). Magnesium (Mg) as a biodegradable metal with properly mechanical properties has been investigating for a long history. In this study, Mg powder, poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were the elements to formulate a novel porous PLGA/TCP/Mg (PTM) scaffolds using low temperature rapid prototyping (LT-RP) technology.