IL-32-mediated caspase-43 induction: Shaping macrophage differentiation & immunomodulation in glioblastoma multiforme.

Background & objectives Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumour, characterised by rapid progression, high recurrence, and poor prognosis. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) of GBM poses a major barrier to effective therapy. Interleukin (IL)-32, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in cancer progression, but its specific role in GBM remains unclear.

Global burden of cancer in women, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the GBD 2021 study.

Objective: This study evaluates global burden, disparities, and trends of female cancers (breast, cervical, uterine, ovarian) from 1990 to 2021, and identifies key contributing factors and intervention strategies.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD,1990-2021) Study and recent reports were analyzed to assess incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Regression and spatiotemporal analyses explored links with risk factors (e.

Conjugation effect of amine molecules in non-aqueous Mg redox flow batteries.

Nonaqueous magnesium redox flow batteries (Mg RFBs) are attractive for low-cost, high-energy-density and long-cycle-life stationary energy storage applications. However, state-of-the-art cathode redox-active molecules suffer from low solubility and low redox potential. Herein, we screened a range of cathode redox-active molecules and identified amine molecules as optimal to couple with the Mg anode.

Identification of key genes in intracranial aneurysm via WGCNA: insights into immune microenvironment and therapeutic targets.

Background: Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are prevalent vascular lesions whose rupture causes subarachnoid hemorrhage with high disability and mortality. Although cell adhesion molecules help maintain vascular integrity, their roles in IA pathogenesis remain incompletely defined. High-throughput bioinformatics offers a means to elucidate these mechanisms.

A highly sensitive ESIPT fluorescent probe for visualization of HK2-mediated lung cancer progression via imaging nitroreductase.

Abnormal hypoxic stress triggers a cascade of pathological consequences, particularly in tumorigenesis. A comprehensive understanding of hypoxia's role in tumor development is crucial for creating effective therapies. This requires reliable tools that can specifically identify hypoxic tumor cells (or tissues) and correlate their dynamics with disease progression in complex living environments, enabling precise theranostics.

Ultrahigh Transparent and Toughness Copolymer Eutectogels via Phase Separation for Fast Tissue Clearing and 2D/3D Imaging.

Gel-based tissue clearing technologies represent a significant advancement in three-dimensional imaging. However, the challenge of achieving consistent high resolution across large tissue samples remains an issue. We present a phase-separated eutectogel constructed through radical copolymerization of acrylamide and ,-dimethylacrylamide in a eutectic solvent (antipyrine/erythritol/imidazole) (AEI/ES) with dynamically tunable polymer-solvent interactions.

Deficiency of Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 4 in Pancreas Reduces β Cell Mass.

Although leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is abundantly expressed in the pancreas, it is currently unknown whether LGR4 impacts pancreatic endocrine cells. Here, a critical role of LGR4 is demonstrated in islet β cell mass using a group of transgenic mice with LGR4 deficiency. Knock-out of Lgr4 in the pancreas and islet β cells significantly reduced islet β cell mass, and subsequently impaired glucose metabolism upon the challenge of a high-fat diet.

ATR expression as a prognostic biomarker in -mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The gene is a member of the Ras protein family. mutations are prevalent oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), even in the Chinese populations, where they account for 10-15% of cases, and are correlated with aggressive disease and poor clinical outcomes. Despite recent breakthroughs in direct inhibitors (e.

X-UNet:A novel global context-aware collaborative fusion U-shaped network with progressive feature fusion of codec for medical image segmentation.

Due to the inductive bias of convolutions, CNNs perform hierarchical feature extraction efficiently in the field of medical image segmentation. However, the local correlation assumption of inductive bias limits the ability of convolutions to focus on global information, which has led to the performance of Transformer-based methods surpassing that of CNNs in some segmentation tasks in recent years. Although combining with Transformers can solve this problem, it also introduces computational complexity and considerable parameters.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced glycolysis enhances damage through TRPM7 histone lactylation.

Background: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is pivotal in myocardial infarction. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) plays an instrumental role in sustaining intracellular ion concentration and osmotic pressure. This study aimed to explore the function and mechanism of TRPM7 in the myocardial I/R model.

Enhancing sleep stage classification with ballistocardiogram signals: feature selection using attention mechanism and XGBoost.

Traditional sleep staging using contact sensors may compromise data validity. This study proposes a non-contact ballistocardiogram (BCG)-based method to improve both accuracy and comfort in sleep monitoring. BCG signals were processed using continuous wavelet transform and low-pass filtering to extract heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory rate variability (RRV).

Cuproptosis is involved in small intestinal toxicity in the paraffins during pregnancy.

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) is generally regarded as an emerging persistent organic pollutant. So far, small intestine injury in the progeny of adult mice exposed to SCCPs during pregnancy has not yet been the subject of any research. To investigate potential intestinal injury in the progeny of adult mice exposed to SCCPs during pregnancy.

Molecular Design of Difluorinated Polyether Electrolyte for Ultrastable High-Voltage All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes with high interfacial stability are considered among the most promising alternatives for replacing liquid electrolytes in high-voltage lithium (Li) metal batteries. However, their application faces significant challenges, such as random dendrite deposition, interfacial side reactions, and sluggish ion transport, leading to performance degradation and safety hazards. Herein, an inherently stable difluorinated polyether electrolyte (DPE) is proposed that exhibits superior interfacial stability and ion conductivity, enabling the reliable operation of high-voltage all-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs).

Macrophages at the crossroads of cellular senescence and cancer development and progression: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges.

Macrophages are pleiotropic immune cells essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and modulating immune responses. Their inherent plasticity enables polarization into distinct functional phenotypes: M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory), which critically influence the progression of various diseases, including cancer. Cellular senescence, a state characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors (SASP), substantially contributes to aging and disease pathogenesis.

Ephrin-B2 deletion in GABAergic neurons induces cognitive deficits associated with single-nucleus transcriptomic differences in the prefrontal cortex.

Background: Ephrin-B2 (EB2) signaling plays a crucial role in regulating memory and synaptic plasticity. Comprehensive identification of cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in EB2 knockout mice is expected to shed light on potential mechanisms associated with EB2 signaling in cognitive functions.

Results: Our study captures changes in cell populations in response to EB2 manipulation and reveals previously uncharacterized cell types (CPA6 + inhibitory neurons) in the mPFC.

On-demand dual-comb generation in a single-cavity via a real-time intelligent spectral seeker.

The repetition frequency difference in the dual-comb light source is critical for balancing measurement accuracy and refresh rate in high-precision ranging and spectroscopy. The single cavity dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser (MLFL) based on a birefringent filtering mechanism can produce the dual-comb regime (DCR) through dedicated cavity designs and careful tuning of birefringent filter characteristics (e.g.

Semi-tensor product based long-run behavior estimation of generalized asynchronous Boolean networks with time delays.

This paper investigates the long-run behavior estimation of generalized asynchronous Boolean networks with time delays, particularly the evolutionary trends of the attractor and its basin. First, the dynamic form of the original network is remapped into an equivalent augmented system based on the algebraic state-space representation, and a transition table is constructed. Second, definitions of delayed fixed points and delayed limit cycles are provided based on the augmented system.

Minocycline Regulates PARP-1 and HDAC3 Pathways to Inhibit Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by excessive lung inflammation and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is known to have excellent anti-inflammatory activity.

Objectives: The present study aims to reveal the protective effect and potential mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice and A549 cells.

Perovskite Tandems: the Next Big Leap in Photovoltaic Technology.

The global demand for clean energy is driving the need for next-generation solar technologies with higher power conversion efficiencies. Multijunction solar cells, which stack absorbers with cascaded bandgaps, offer a compelling path forward by more efficiently utilizing the solar spectrum. Among these, metal halide perovskites stand out for their bandgap tunability, enabling efficient tandem solar cells (TSCs) when paired with a range of semiconductors-including perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/silicon, perovskite/organic, and perovskite/CIGS.

Risk classification of thymoma based on multi-feature fusion in dynamic enhanced CT.

Background: Accurate classification of high-risk and low-risk thymomas is critical for guiding treatment strategies and assessing prognosis. Thymoma is the most common primary tumor of the anterior mediastinum. However, previous studies have limitations in comprehensively utilizing imaging data, particularly in combining radiomics and deep learning (DL) features for preoperative classification.

miRNAome-metabolome wide association study reveals effects of miRNA regulation in male diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Background: Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a prevalent complication of diabetes characterised by multifaceted vascular dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. Emerging evidence highlights the interplay between dysregulated metabolites and miRNA-mediated epigenetic modifications in driving endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle apoptosis within the penile vasculature. Currently, treatments such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have limited efficacy in patients with DMED.

SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a Protein Impedes Type I Interferon-Activated JAK/STAT Signaling by Interacting with HNRNPA2B1.

The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 has triggered a worldwide public health emergency. Its pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed multiple strategies for effectively evading the host immune defenses, including inhibition of interferon (IFN) signaling. Several viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are believed to interfere with IFN signaling.

Engineering bonding sites enables uniform and robust self-assembled monolayer for stable perovskite solar cells.

The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has recently been dramatically improved by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), but forming uniform, dense and especially stable SAM remains a challenge. The hydroxyl groups on indium tin oxide (ITO) serve as the bonding sites for the SAM molecule, directly determining the distribution and anchoring stability of SAM. We developed a solution-based strategy to fully hydroxylate the ITO in as fast as 15 s.

Chemical and Mechanistic Prediction Analysis of Anti-obesity Properties of Guang Hawthorn (Malus doumeri) Leaves using Network Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the bioactive compounds in Guang hawthorn (Malus doumeri) leaf extracts and evaluate their potential anti-obesity effects.

Methods: 70% Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from M. doumeri leaves were administered to high-fat diet-induced obese rats.

CsAHL20 negatively regulates epi-catechins biosynthesis under drought stress in Camellia sinensis.

Catechins are an integral part of the beneficial compound profile of the tea, and their biosynthesis critically responds to several biotic and abiotic factors. Drought is one of the important abiotic factors affecting their biosynthesis. The molecular mechanism of their biosynthesis during drought stress remains unclear.