Deep learning-assisted system improves practical effect in cervical cytopathology diagnosis: A comparative study of reading modes.

Deep learning (DL) has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of cytopathologists. However, current DL-assisted reading modes have yet to be fully evaluated, and there is limited evidence regarding cytopathologists' preferences and experiences. This study employs a randomized, controlled, four-way crossover design to assess the effectiveness of four different reading modes in cervical cytopathology readings.

Systematic Review: Biopsychosocial Factors Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children/Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

This systematic review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of biopsychosocial factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and identify key limitations and gaps in the current literature. Systematic literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global in March 2024. The searches identified 2,345 unique articles.

Myocardial Blood Flow Quantification in Patients with an Implanted Cardiodefibrillator during Stress and at Rest using a Wideband Perfusion Pulse Sequence: An Initial Feasibility Study.

Background: Although a recently developed wideband perfusion sequence has shown diagnostically acceptable image quality and accurate myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification at rest in patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs), its performance during vasodilator stress remains unproven. This study aims to determine whether the sequence produces diagnostically acceptable image quality during stress and is capable of quantitatively detecting abnormal stress MBF and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in patients with implanted cardiodefibrillators (ICDs).

Methods: We enrolled 29 patients with an ICD (mean age = 63 ± 15 years, 17 males, 12 females) and 11 control patients (mean age = 50 ± 17 years, 6 males, 5 females; negative coronary artery disease; negative stress perfusion CMR; and no cardiac event one year post CMR) with an ICD taped below the left clavicle to mimic image artifacts.

Surgical invasiveness, reoperation, and preoperative depression are predictive of super-utilization in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Purpose: A subset of adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients undergoing corrective surgery receive a disproportionate level of medical resources and incur greater costs. We examined the characteristics of such super-utilizers of health care resources among ASD patients.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter study analyzed data from ASD patients with > 4 levels of spinal fusion and a minimum 2-year follow-up.

ENLITE PD: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Light Therapy for Impaired Sleep in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Light therapy (LT) in Parkinson's disease improves sleep. Specific LT parameters require further study, including optimal frequency.

Objectives: We aimed to determine if once- or twice-daily bright white light therapy (BWLT) improves sleep.

Duration of Supervised Exercise Necessary for Meaningful Improvement in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Supervised treadmill exercise improves walking performance in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease, but benefits are not immediate. This study identified the time course of attaining meaningful improvement in 6-minute walk distance and patient-reported outcome measures during a 6-month supervised exercise intervention in people with peripheral artery disease.

Methods: Participants with peripheral artery disease were randomized to supervised treadmill exercise 3 time weekly or a nonexercise control group for 6 months.

Cardiovascular Death and Access to Health Care Among Individuals Incarcerated in US State Prisons From 2001 to 2019.

Background: Incarcerated individuals have a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is a paucity of data focusing on cardiovascular death and access to adequate health care among incarcerated individuals.

Methods: We used the Mortality in Correctional Institutions database from the US Bureau of Justice Statistics to examine cardiovascular deaths in all state prisons from 2001 to 2019, health care provision, as well as differences in these measures between racial and ethnic groups.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Delayed Diagnosis Associated with Gender and Racial Identity in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Prior studies suggest a poorer prognosis in men and Black people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The possibility that delays in evaluation or diagnosis could contribute to worse outcomes remains underexplored. Our objective is to see if men or Black pwMS have delays in being evaluated for and diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Preparing for equitable family and community engagement through home visiting: linking culturally responsive/sustaining pedagogy and developmental frameworks.

This manuscript examines how home visiting by educators aligns with and informs culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy (CR-SP) through the lens of developmental theory. Drawing on a synthesis of multiple qualitative studies, we analyze evidence of home visiting's influence on four dimensions of CR-SP: teachers' beliefs, dispositions, instructional practices, and integration of family and community knowledge. We find the strongest alignment between home visiting and teacher beliefs, including enhanced self-reflection, cultural competence, and asset-based thinking.

Touch facilitates newborns' self-regulation: Systematic review of multidimensional arousal outcomes.

During the first month of life, exchanges between newborns and caregivers focus on helping babies regulate their physiological and behavioural states. Touch and bodily contact play a special role in facilitating arousal regulation and are often used to promote bonding, support at-risk babies, and manage pain. Here, we systematically review the extant evidence on the effects of touch interventions for newborns, specifically focusing on self-regulation and arousal as outcome measures.

Comparison of the ACE-Q and CTES: A study of childhood trauma and perinatal depression.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health issue, significantly affecting the health and well-being of women and children. Research indicates a strong link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and increased PPD rates. While the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q) is widely used for ACE screening, the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (CTES) may better capture trauma items not covered by the ACE-Q, along with the timing and severity of ACEs.

Craving for opioid and cannabis use among adults with chronic pain: Insights from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Craving is an aversive state and risk factor for progression to nonmedical substance use. The aims of this secondary analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data were 1) to test whether craving was elevated on days of co-use of opioids and cannabis, and 2) to examine pain, pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress as risk factors for current and next-moment craving, among patients with chronic pain.

Methods: Adults with chronic pain (N = 46) who used both opioids and cannabis were recruited online and completed a 30-day EMA study, consisting of four momentary surveys per day that assessed opioids and cannabis craving, use, pain and pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress.

Relationship with sex-based anatomical differences to lower extremity injury severity in frontal crashes.

Objective: Multiple studies have demonstrated an increased risk of lower extremity injuries for females in frontal crashes. This study aimed to investigate whether sex-based anatomical differences, as measured on computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis, contribute to lower extremity injury risk.

Methods: The Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database (2017-2023) was queried for frontal collisions.

Oxytocinergic signalling in the respiratory parafacial region increases the activity of chemosensitive neurons and respiratory output.

The retrotrapezoid nucleus, located in the parafacial medullary region (RTN/pFRG), is crucial for respiratory activity and central chemoreception. Recent evidence suggests that neuromodulation, including peptidergic signalling, can influence the CO/H sensitivity of RTN neurons. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) projects to the ventral medullary surface, including the RTN, and is considered the primary source of oxytocin to the brainstem.

Acute kidney injury: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical condition that is associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, as well as the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathogenesis of AKI is highly complex and heterogeneous, primarily attributed to metabolic disturbances arising from the disease itself and the administration of medications related to treatment. In recent years, AKI in cancer patients is highly concerned.

Pain Catastrophising Amplifies Parietal Responses to Painful Laser Stimulation in Healthy Controls.

Background: Pain catastrophising is a maladaptive cognitive-emotional trait linked to greater pain severity and poorer outcomes, yet its neurophysiological correlates remain unclear.

Objectives: We tested whether pain catastrophising amplifies cortical responses to nociceptive input, independent of subjective pain intensity.

Methods: Fifty-two healthy adults underwent EEG during painful laser stimulation (n = 29; mean age 24.

Temporal B-Scan Ultrasonography Findings and their Relation to Visual Outcomes in Endophthalmitis.

To evaluate B-scan echographic features of endophthalmitis for their correlation with disease characteristics and long-term vision outcomes. Patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between 2011 and 2021 were recruited (N = 209). Data included demographics, infection source, initial therapy, and findings from culture isolates, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp, and B-scan ultrasonography.

Change in Free-Living Daily Steps does not Affect VO Adaptation in Response to a Supervised Aerobic Walking Program in Females Ages 18-45.

We hypothesized that an increase in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA), assessed by daily steps outside of steps accrued during supervised exercise training sessions, would be positively correlated with the change in VO. Females ages 18-45 yr (n = 44; 30 ± 7 yr; 67.7 ± 18.

Trait specialization facilitates autonomous selfing ability in a mixed-mating plant.

Premise: Transitions from outcrossing to selfing often drive the evolution of floral traits in a predictable way. However, these expectations are not as straightforward for mixed-mating systems. In this study, we examine variation in pollen-collecting hairs, a floral structure involved in secondary pollen presentation within Campanulaceae.

Computational Fluid Dynamic Model Prediction of Enhanced Glymphatic Clearance in Response to Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening.

Focused Ultrasound (FUS) is the concentration of acoustic energy into a small region to produce therapeutic bioeffects. FUS-induced blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO), a strategy to deliver drugs and genes to the brain, also enhances glymphatic drainage, the brain-specific waste clearance system. Thus, FUS BBBO is a promising strategy for addressing the accumulation of neurotoxic solutes that are characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases.

Associations Among Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Discrimination Experiences of Autistic Youth.

Purpose: Autistic individuals experience discrimination as a neurominority. Nonetheless, there has been limited research on characteristics or factors contributing to discrimination against autistic people. Therefore, this study sought to examine demographic and clinical predictors of discriminatory experiences of autistic children and adolescents utilizing a large, population-based sample.