Change in Free-Living Daily Steps does not Affect VO Adaptation in Response to a Supervised Aerobic Walking Program in Females Ages 18-45.

We hypothesized that an increase in nonexercise physical activity (NEPA), assessed by daily steps outside of steps accrued during supervised exercise training sessions, would be positively correlated with the change in VO. Females ages 18-45 yr (n = 44; 30 ± 7 yr; 67.7 ± 18.

Treadmill walking economy is not affected by body fat and body mass index in adults.

To determine whether body fat and body mass index (BMI) affect the energy cost of walking (Cw; J/kg/m), ventilation, and gas exchange data from 205 adults (115 females; percent body fat range = 3.0%-52.8%; BMI range = 17.

Determining the Optimal Workrate for Cycle Ergometer Verification Phase Testing in Males with Obesity.

The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of verification phase (VP) testing and a 3 min all-out test to determine critical power (CP) in males with obesity. Nine young adult males with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg·m completed a cycle ergometer ramp-style VO test, four randomized VP tests at 80, 90, 100, and 105% of maximum wattage attained during the ramp test, and a 3 min all-out test. There was a significant main effect for VO across all five tests ( = 0.

Supra-Versus Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Verification of VO in Males and Females.

This study was designed to determine the optimal intensity for verification phase testing (VP) in healthy, young adults. Thirty one young, active participants (16 females) completed a cycle ergometer graded exercise test (GXT) VO test and 4 VP tests at 80, 90, 100, and 105% of the maximum wattage achieved during the GXT. GXT and VP VO values showed a significant test x sex interaction ( = 0.

Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake Using the 3-Minute All-Out Test in High-Intensity Functional Training Athletes.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and critical speed (CS) are key fatigue-related measurements that demonstrate a relationship to one another and are indicative of athletic endurance performance. This is especially true for those that participate in competitive fitness events. However, the accessibility to a metabolic analyzer to accurately measure VO is expensive and time intensive, whereas CS may be measured in the field using a 3 min all-out test (3MT).

Assessing the ability of the Fitbit Charge 2 to accurately predict VO.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the Fitbit Charge 2 (FBC2) to accurately estimate VO in comparison to both the gold standard VO test and a non-exercise VO prediction equation.

Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (17 men, 13 women) between the ages of 18 and 35 (age =21.7±3.

Physiological Performance Measures as Indicators of CrossFit Performance.

CrossFit began as another exercise program to improve physical fitness and has rapidly grown into the "sport of fitness". However, little is understood as to the physiological indicators that determine CrossFit sport performance. The purpose of this study was to determine which physiological performance measure was the greatest indicator of CrossFit workout performance.

Cycling efficiency and energy cost of walking in young and older adults.

To determine whether age affects cycling efficiency and the energy cost of walking (Cw), 190 healthy adults, ages 18-81 yr, cycled on an ergometer at 50 W and walked on a treadmill at 1.34 m/s. Ventilation and gas exchange at rest and during exercise were used to calculate net Cw and net efficiency of cycling.

High-intensity interval exercise attenuates but does not eliminate endothelial dysfunction after a fast food meal.

We investigated whether two different bouts of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) could attenuate postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Thirteen young (27 ± 1 yr), nonexercise-trained men underwent three randomized conditions: 1) four 4-min intervals at 85-95% of maximum heart rate separated by 3 min of active recovery (HIIE 4 × 4), 2) 16 1-min intervals at 85-95% of maximum heart rate separated by 1 min of active recovery (HIIE 16 × 1), and 3) sedentary control. HIIE was performed in the afternoon, ~18 h before the morning fast food meal (1,250 kcal, 63g of fat).

Breaks in Sitting Time: Effects on Continuously Monitored Glucose and Blood Pressure.

Purpose: We examined the effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with multiple 2-min walking breaks or one 30-min continuous walking session on glucose control and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP).

Methods: Ten overweight/obese, physically inactive participants (five men; 32 ± 5 yr; BMI, 30.3 ± 4.

Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on endothelial function and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adults.

We hypothesized that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would be more effective than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) at improving endothelial function and maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max) in obese adults. Eighteen participants [35.1 ± 8.

Validity of SenseWear® Armband v5.2 and v2.2 for estimating energy expenditure.

We compared SenseWear Armband versions (v) 2.2 and 5.2 for estimating energy expenditure in healthy adults.

Validity and reliability of Nike + Fuelband for estimating physical activity energy expenditure.

Background: The Nike + Fuelband is a commercially available, wrist-worn accelerometer used to track physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) during exercise. However, validation studies assessing the accuracy of this device for estimating PAEE are lacking. Therefore, this study examined the validity and reliability of the Nike + Fuelband for estimating PAEE during physical activity in young adults.

Using a Verification Test for Determination of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max in Sedentary Adults With Obesity.

A constant-load exercise bout to exhaustion after a graded exercise test to verify maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) during cycle ergometry has not been evaluated in sedentary adults with obesity. Nineteen sedentary men (n = 10) and women (n = 9) with obesity (age = 35.8 ± 8.

Physiological Responses to High-Intensity Interval Exercise Differing in Interval Duration.

We determined the oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate responses to 2 high-intensity interval exercise protocols differing in interval length. On separate days, 14 recreationally active males performed a 4 × 4 (four 4-minute intervals at 90-95% HRpeak, separated by 3-minute recovery at 50 W) and 16 × 1 (sixteen 1-minute intervals at 90-95% HRpeak, separated by 1-minute recovery at 50 W) protocol on a cycle ergometer. The 4 × 4 elicited a higher mean V[Combining Dot Above]O2 (2.

Predictors of fat mass changes in response to aerobic exercise training in women.

Aerobic exercise training in women typically results in minimal fat loss, with considerable individual variability. We hypothesized that women with higher baseline body fat would lose more body fat in response to exercise training and that early fat loss would predict final fat loss. Eighty-one sedentary premenopausal women (age: 30.

Strength training increases endurance time to exhaustion during high-intensity exercise despite no change in critical power.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether improvements in endurance exercise performance elicited by strength training were accurately reflected by changes in parameters of the power-duration hyperbola for high-intensity exercise. Before and after 8 weeks of strength training (N = 14) or no exercise, control (N = 5), 19 males (age: 20.6 ± 2.

Oxygen Cost of Performing Selected Adult and Child Care Activities.

Little is known about the oxygen cost of caring for infants and older adults. Many people perform these activities so it is useful to know the energy cost and if the activities are of sufficient intensity to contribute to meeting physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this study was to assess the oxygen cost of four care-related activities in the Compendium of Physical Activities.

V˙O2max may not be reached during exercise to exhaustion above critical power.

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether V˙O(2) reaches a maximum, equivalent to that attained in an incremental exercise test to exhaustion, during "submaximal" fatigue-inducing constant-power exercise bouts above critical power (CP).

Methods: Nine males (age = 24.6 ± 3.

Exercise and diet, independent of weight loss, improve cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight and obese individuals.

Diet and/or exercise are routinely advised as methods for weight loss in overweight/obese individuals, particularly those who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, physical activity and structured exercise programs rarely result in significant loss of body weight or body fat, and weight-loss diets have extraordinarily high recidivism rates. Despite only modest effects on body weight, exercise and ad libitum nutrient-dense diets for overweight/obese individuals have many health benefits, including skeletal muscle adaptations that improve fat and glucose metabolism, and insulin action; enhance endothelial function; have favorable changes in blood lipids, lipoproteins, and hemostatic factors; and reduce blood pressure, postprandial lipemia and glycemia, and proinflammatory markers.

Walking and running economy: inverse association with peak oxygen uptake.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that V˙O2peak is positively correlated with the regression coefficients of the curve-linear relationship between V˙O2 and speed during a protocol consisting of submaximal walking and running.

Methods: Nineteen healthy men (mean ± SD: age = 26.4 ± 6.