Craving for opioid and cannabis use among adults with chronic pain: Insights from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Craving is an aversive state and risk factor for progression to nonmedical substance use. The aims of this secondary analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data were 1) to test whether craving was elevated on days of co-use of opioids and cannabis, and 2) to examine pain, pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress as risk factors for current and next-moment craving, among patients with chronic pain.

Methods: Adults with chronic pain (N = 46) who used both opioids and cannabis were recruited online and completed a 30-day EMA study, consisting of four momentary surveys per day that assessed opioids and cannabis craving, use, pain and pain catastrophizing, affect, and stress.

Effects of suvorexant on diurnal cortisol and patient-reported stress during opioid withdrawal in a randomized trial.

Decades of research efforts have described the negative impact that stress poses on successful treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). However, direct investigation of biological and self-reported stress, and the relationship between the two during opioid withdrawal is understudied. This study investigated whether a dual orexin-receptor antagonist alters the relationship between stress and opioid withdrawal among persons undergoing a buprenorphine taper.

Perceived stigma and its role in substance use disorder treatment completion.

Perceived Substance Use Disorder (SUD) stigma, defined as the awareness of negative societal attitudes toward individuals with SUDs, may discourage treatment-seeking and completion. Unlike self-stigma (negative beliefs about oneself), perceived stigma reflects individuals' perceptions of stigma from the public. While self-stigma has been widely studied, research on perceived stigma's role in shaping treatment outcomes remains limited.

Joint Trajectories of Insomnia Severity and Quality of Life Among Adults in Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Longitudinal Study With Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Modelling.

Sleep health is related to quality of life (QOL) in the general population, yet less is known about the trajectories of sleep and QOL during opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. This study examined the joint trajectories of insomnia severity and QOL during the first 4 weeks of OUD treatment and tested predictors of the growth trajectories. Adults (N = 1607) in supervised withdrawal or residential OUD treatment completed surveys weekly for 4 weeks.

Normative Values and Psychometric Properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Population.

This study evaluated the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) as a tool for measuring worry and anxiety levels among individuals entering treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). The sample included 75,047 individuals admitted to SUD treatment centers, with assessments conducted weekly. Individuals entering SUD treatment exhibited higher baseline levels of worry; however, worry levels declined over the course of treatment.

Using Latent Class Analysis to Examine Polysubstance Use Patterns in Adolescents Aged 10-18: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Over half of substance use disorder (SUD) cases develop from substance use during adolescence. Studies have used latent class analysis (LCA) to determine adolescent polysubstance use patterns. This systematic review aims to provide an updated characterization of studies that examine patterns of adolescent polysubstance use.

Predictors of treatment attrition among individuals in substance use disorder treatment: A machine learning approach.

Background: Early treatment discontinuation in substance use disorder treatment settings is common and often difficult to predict. We leveraged a machine learning approach (i.e.

Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal in the Context of Fentanyl.

The opioid crisis, driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl, presents significant challenges in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid withdrawal syndrome. Fentanyl is uniquely lethal due to its rapid onset and respiratory depressant effects, driving the surge in overdose deaths. This review examines the limitations of traditional diagnostic criteria like those of the , Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) and explores the potential of dimensional models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) for a more nuanced understanding of OUD.

Insomnia symptoms are associated with return to use and non-fatal overdose following opioid use disorder treatment.

Study Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapse-prone condition, often accompanied by sleep disturbances such as insomnia. While sleep disturbances have been implicated in negative treatment outcomes, no large-scale studies have examined the relationship between insomnia disorder and outcomes for persons completing an acute OUD treatment episode. This study assessed the association between insomnia symptoms at treatment intake, during treatment, and following acute treatment with post-treatment episode return to use and non-fatal overdose outcomes.

Lessons Learned in Developing a Behavioral Economic Measure of Cannabis Use Using a Predominantly White Sample.

Behavioral economic approaches to measuring cannabis demand represent a well-validated, low-cost method of assessing risk for hazardous cannabis use. One widely used measure of cannabis demand is the Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT), which has shown good psychometric properties across multiple samples. However, preliminary data suggest that changes could improve task ecological validity and acceptability.

The Association Between Sleep Disturbances and Perceived Stress in Substance Use Disorder Treatment.

. Sleep disturbances and elevated stress levels are commonly reported among individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, it remains unclear whether the relationship between sleep and stress differs based on the primary substance of use or if there are commonalities across different substances.

Harm Reduction for Opioid Use Disorder: Strategies and Outcome Metrics.

Tweet: The authors discuss harm reduction strategies and associated outcome metrics in relation to the ongoing opioid crisis.

COVID-19-Related Financial Hardship Is Associated With Depression and Anxiety in Substance Use Treatment Across Gender and Racial Groups.

Many individuals lost their employment during the COVID-19 pandemic and experienced financial hardship. These experiences may increase risk for co-occurring conditions, including substance use disorders (SUDs) and related symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study aimed to examine the associations between COVID-19-related financial hardship and/or job loss and co-occurring symptoms, across gender and racial groups.

The association of pain impact and sleep disruption with opioid withdrawal during opioid-use disorder treatment.

Aims: Persons with opioid-use disorder (OUD) often experience opioid withdrawal and opioid craving, which can drive continued opioid use and treatment discontinuation. In addition, hyperalgesia is common among persons with OUD, yet few studies have examined the role of pain impact during OUD treatment. The purpose of the present study was to test whether opioid withdrawal and craving were elevated in the context of greater pain impact (i.

Intersectional Risk and the Significant Gap in Care for Persons With Co-occurring Chronic Pain and Opioid Withdrawal.

Objectives: Persons with chronic pain and women tend to enter treatment for opioid use disorder with greater opioid withdrawal severity than persons without chronic pain and men, respectively. This study examined characteristics of facilities with opioid withdrawal treatment, including gender-based services, as a function of whether they reported having a tailored pain management program.

Methods: The National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services 2020 was used to examine 3942 facilities with opioid withdrawal treatment in the United States.

Age moderates the association of optimism on craving during substance use disorder treatment.

Background: Optimism, characterized by a positive expectancy toward future outcomes, has garnered attention for its potential role in influencing well-being and may be a protective factor in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This study evaluated the relationship of optimism and craving among those in substance use disorder SUD treatment.

Methods: Drawing from a cohort of 4201 individuals in residential SUD treatment programs, this study used both cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment to examine tonic (steady-state) and cue-induced (phasic) cravings across individuals primarily using eight classes of substances.

Sleep Disruption Moderates the Daily Dynamics of Affect and Pain in Sickle Cell Disease.

Persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) often experience pain that can interfere with quality of life and daily activities. Pain can modulated by affect and sleep continuity; however, few studies have explored how these factors complementarily influence pain in adults with SCD. The study aims were to investigate 1) whether pain levels were heightened on days characterized by low positive affect and high negative affect, and 2) whether the relationship between affect and pain was intensified following nights of disrupted sleep.

Binge Drinking and Cannabis Use among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Young Adults in Michigan.

Substance use rates are higher among transgender and gender-diverse people than cisgender people. Rates of substance use are also higher among young adults compared with other age groups. However, little research examines substance use among transgender and gender-diverse young adults.

Naloxone Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Overdose Response Among Family Members of People who Misuse Opioids.

Providing family members of individuals with opioid use disorders (OUD) naloxone is a cost-effective way to prevent overdose deaths. However, misconceptions and negative attitudes towards naloxone hinder family engagement with naloxone programs. This study examines factors associated with knowledge and attitudes toward naloxone among adults with close family members who misused opioids.

The impact of opioid-stimulant co-use on tonic and cue-induced craving.

The twin opioid-stimulant epidemics have led to increased overdose deaths and present unique challenges for individuals entering treatment with opioid-stimulant polysubstance use. This study examined tonic and cue-induced craving as a primary outcome among persons in substance use treatment who reported primary substances of opioids, methamphetamine, or cocaine. The sample consisted of 1974 individuals in 55 residential substance-use treatment centers in the United States in 2021.