Genetic damage and immune dysregulation in Schistosoma haematobium-infected individuals in Nigeria.

Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by affects over 100 million people globally, with potential long-term genetic and immunological consequences poorly understood in endemic populations. This study investigates genetic damage and immune dysregulation in infected individuals from a hyperendemic region in Nigeria.

Objective: To quantify genetic damage markers and characterize immune system alterations in individuals with confirmed infection compared to uninfected controls from Atisbo Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Azithromycin and Gallic acid alleviate neurobehavioral deficits in rats resulting from chronic Aflatoxin B exposure.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is a mycotoxin known for its liver toxicity and cancer risk, as well as neurotoxic effects causing motor and cognitive issues in humans and animals. Ongoing research into protecting against AFB damage has recently focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Gallic acid (GA), a low molecular weight triphenolic acid, demonstrates notable anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

Use of the Wnt/β-catenin Activator Lithium Is Associated with Less Emphysema.

Rationale: Emphysema is defined by progressive alveolar destruction and impaired tissue repair, with diminished Wnt/β-catenin signaling implicated in its pathogenesis. Preclinical studies suggest that lithium, a pharmacologic activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, may attenuate emphysema. However, its effects in humans remain unknown.

Global Training in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Addressing Growing Challenges in IBD.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is increasing in incidence globally, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing a rapid surge in disease burden. However, the availability of structured training programs for IBD care remains highly unequal. This review evaluates the current global landscape of IBD workforce training, with an emphasis on identifying gaps and proposing solutions to enhance multidisciplinary preparedness.

Understanding a Potential Role for the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications.

Stillbirth affects approximately 2 million pregnancies annually and is closely linked to placental dysfunction, which may also present clinically as foetal growth restriction (FGR) or pre-eclampsia (PE). Placental dysfunction can arise from a range of insults, including the inflammatory conditions villitis of unknown aetiology (VUE) and chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI). Despite ample research regarding the pathophysiology of placental dysfunction, the literature surrounding placental inflammation is more limited, with no currently established treatments.

9-aminominocycline potentiates the efficacy of EIDD-1931 and PF-332 by targeting the papain like protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2.

The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are key enzymes in SARS-CoV-2 replication and serve as critical targets for an antiviral drug. Currently, Paxlovid® and Lagevrio™ specifically target 3CLpro and RdRp, respectively, for COVID-19 treatment. However, no antivirals target for the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro enzyme, essential for viral replication and suppression of the host antiviral immune response.

A thermodynamic bottleneck in the TCA cycle contributes to acetate overflow in .

During aerobic growth, relies on acetate overflow metabolism, a process where glucose is incompletely oxidized to acetate, for its bioenergetic needs. Acetate is not immediately captured as a carbon source and is excreted as waste by cells. The underlying factors governing acetate overflow in have not been identified.

A comprehensive study of adverse effects of chemotherapy on female breast cancer patients in NORI Cancer Hospital, Islamabad in a developing country.

IntroductionBreast cancer is one of the top three malignancies worldwide. While radiotherapy, hormone replacement therapys, and chemotherapy are treatments, chemotherapy causes adverse effects that hinder daily life activities.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, severity, and association of symptomatic toxicities in female breast cancer patients affecting various organ systems post systemic chemotherapy (adjuvant and neoadjuvant), and their impact on daily activities.

KIT in oocytes: a key factor for oocyte survival and reproductive lifespan.

Background: The KITL-KIT interaction is known as an important initiator in oocyte activation through the downstream pathway of PI3K-AKT-FOXO3 signalling. Previous studies utilising germ cell-specific Kit mutant knockin and kinase domain knockout models with Vasa-Cre suggested the crucial role of KIT in oocyte activation at the primordial follicle stage.

Methods: We utilised mice with complete postnatal deletion of KIT expression in oocytes via Gdf9-iCre and conducted analyses on ovarian follicle development, specific markers, hormone assays, and fertility outcomes.

Premature mortality trends in 183 countries by cancer type, sex, WHO region, and World Bank income level in 2000-19: a retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. By 2040, over 30 million new cancers are predicted, with the greatest cancer burden in low-income countries. In 2015, the UN passed the Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Use of an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Vascular Severity Score Improved Plus Disease Diagnosis in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate whether providing clinicians with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based vascular severity score (VSS) improves consistency in the diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Multireader diagnostic accuracy imaging study.

Participants: Eleven ROP experts, 9 of whom had been in practice for 10 years or more.

Breast biopsy techniques in a global setting-clinical practice review.

Breast cancer is a disease of global concern, regardless of economic status. A significant disparity in breast cancer care between low- and high-income countries is not unexpected, but consideration can be given to particular aspects of therapy to allow as much equitability as possible. One of these aspects involves biopsy of breast lesions.

Posterior segment manifestations of Takayasu arteritis: A narrative review.

Ocular symptoms can be the presenting manifestation of Takayasu arteritis (TA) or could be indicative of disease reactivation. A review of published literature related to posterior segment manifestations of TA by using the keywords "Takayasu arteritis," "ophthalmic manifestations," "retina," "retinopathy," "ocular," "optic nerve," and "optic neuropathy" was performed. In total, 62 case reports and 12 case series were included.

The scope of artificial intelligence in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) management.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to develop into a widely implemented system that could reduce the dependence on qualified professionals/experts for screening the large at-risk population, especially in the Indian scenario. Deep learning involves learning without being explicitly told what to focus on and utilizes several layers of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to create a robust algorithm that is capable of high-complexity tasks. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a subset of ANNs that are particularly useful for image processing as well as cognitive tasks.

Parental Perspectives on Early Life Screening and Genetic Testing for ASD: A Systematic Review.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition for which no prenatal or early life screening tests exist. Early life recognition of ASD is key to accessing behavioral intervention when brain plasticity is at its peak. The purpose of our study was to systematically review the literature researching parental perspectives around early life screening for autism and specifically genetic testing.

Effect of vitamin A on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes: An overview of deficiency, excessive intake, and intake recommendations.

Vitamin A imbalance during pregnancy and lactation is a global public health concern with potentially negative consequences for fetuses and neonates. Inadequate vitamin A intake during this critical period can lead to anemia, weakened immune function, night blindness, and increased susceptibility to infections. Conversely, excessive intake of vitamin A can result in birth defects, hypercalcemia, and psychiatric symptoms.

Phenotyping and metabolome analysis reveal the role of AdoMetDC and Di19 genes in determining acquired tolerance to drought in rice.

Water-saving attempts for rice cultivation often reduce yields. Maintaining productivity under drought is possible when rice genotypes are bred with improved metabolism and spikelet fertility. Although attempts have been made to introgress water mining and water use efficiency traits, combining acquired tolerance traits (ATTs), that is, specific traits induced or upregulated to better tolerate severe stress, appears equally important.