Retinopathy of prematurity training and education: A systematic review.

Globally, management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is limited by a shortage of ophthalmologists who are adequately trained in identifying disease due to limited exposure in ophthalmology residencies and fellowships. We review the current state of ROP education and training and propose strategies to addressing the ROP workforce shortage. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS.

Automated Quantification of Retinopathy of Prematurity Stage via Ultrawidefield OCT.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage is defined by the visual appearance of the vascular-avascular border, which reflects a spectrum of pathologic neurovascular tissue (NVT). Previous work demonstrated that the thickness of the ridge lesion, measured using OCT, corresponds to higher clinical diagnosis of stage. This study evaluates whether the volume of anomalous NVT (ANVTV), defined as abnormal tissue protruding from the regular contour of the retina, can be measured automatically using deep learning to develop quantitative OCT-based biomarkers in ROP.

Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Beyond the Ora Serrata in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Importance: Capturing high-quality images of the entire peripheral retina while minimizing the use of scleral depression could increase the quality of examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) while reducing neonatal stress.

Objective: To evaluate whether an investigational handheld ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) device without scleral depression can be used to document high-quality images of the peripheral retina for use in ROP examinations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in the neonatal intensive care unit at a single academic medical center.

Use of an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Vascular Severity Score Improved Plus Disease Diagnosis in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate whether providing clinicians with an artificial intelligence (AI)-based vascular severity score (VSS) improves consistency in the diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Multireader diagnostic accuracy imaging study.

Participants: Eleven ROP experts, 9 of whom had been in practice for 10 years or more.

Isolated Retinal Neovascularization in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Clinical Associations and Prognostic Implications.

Objective: Isolated retinal neovascularization (IRNV) is a common finding in patients with stage 2 and 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aimed to further classify the clinical course and significance of these lesions (previously described as "popcorn" based on clinical appearance) in patients with ROP as visualized with ultrawidefield OCT (UWF-OCT).

Design: Single center, retrospective case series.

Multinational External Validation of Autonomous Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening.

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children, with significant disparities in outcomes between high-income and low-income countries, due in part to insufficient access to ROP screening.

Objective: To evaluate how well autonomous artificial intelligence (AI)-based ROP screening can detect more-than-mild ROP (mtmROP) and type 1 ROP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This diagnostic study evaluated the performance of an AI algorithm, trained and calibrated using 2530 examinations from 843 infants in the Imaging and Informatics in Retinopathy of Prematurity (i-ROP) study, on 2 external datasets (6245 examinations from 1545 infants in the Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of ROP [SUNDROP] and 5635 examinations from 2699 infants in the Aravind Eye Care Systems [AECS] telemedicine programs).

Oxygenation Fluctuations Associated with Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity: Insights from a Multimodal Deep Learning Approach.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of blindness in children. Although the role of oxygen in the pathophysiology of ROP is well established, a precise understanding of the dynamic relationship between oxygen exposure ROP incidence and severity is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between time-dependent oxygen variables and the onset of ROP.

Macular Thickness Is Associated with Persistent Avascular Retina in Patients with a History of Untreated Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Objective:: To evaluate the relationship between central macular thickness (CMT) and the presence of persistent avascular retina (PAR) in previously premature children.

Methods:: 17 4-8 year olds with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening were recruited, and underwent OCT and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFFA).

Results:: CMT was higher in PAR patients ( < 0.

International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition.

Purpose: The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity is a consensus statement that creates a standard nomenclature for classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It was initially published in 1984, expanded in 1987, and revisited in 2005. This article presents a third revision, the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), which is now required because of challenges such as: (1) concerns about subjectivity in critical elements of disease classification; (2) innovations in ophthalmic imaging; (3) novel pharmacologic therapies (e.